高中英语语法大全Word文件下载.docx
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place.
谋杀案是在早上发生的。
(强调句型)
d)
John
broke
window.
是John打碎的窗户。
2.
用it
作形式主语的结构
(1)
+
从句
fact
„
事实是„
an
honor
„非常荣幸
common
knowledge
„是常识
(2)
形容词
natural
that„
很自然„
strange
奇怪的是„
(3)
不及物动词
seems
似乎„
happened
碰巧„
appears
(4)
过去分词
reported
据报道„
has
been
proved
已证实„
said
据说„
3.
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if
引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It
/reported„结构中的主语从句不可提前。
正确表达:
President
Jiang
will
visit
our
school
next
week.
错误表达:
That
week
said.
(3)It
happens/occurs„结构中的主语从句不可提前。
occurred
him
he
failed
examination.
examination
him.
(4)It
matter
how/whether
„结构中的主语从句不可提前。
wrong
Whether
not
matter.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
Is
it
likely
rain
evening?
evening
likely?
4.
what
与that
在引导主语从句时的区别
引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that
则不然。
What
yesterday
right.
she
still
alive
consolation
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词
(及物动词)
或介词之后。
作动词的宾语
由that引导的宾语从句(that
通常可以省略),
I
heard
joined
army.
我听说他参军了。
由what,
(if)
引导的宾语从句,例如:
She
did
know
had
happened.
她不知道发生了什么。
wonder
can
change
this
note
for
me.
我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
told
would
accept
my
invitation.
她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
作介词的宾语,例如:
Our
success
depends
upon
how
well
we
cooperate
with
one
another.
我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
作形容词的宾语,例如:
am
afraid
(that)
I’ve
made
mistake.
我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:
引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious,
aware,
certain,
confident,
convinced,
determined,
glad,
proud,
surprised,
worried,
sorry,
thankful,
ashamed,
disappointed,
annoyed,
pleased,
hurt,
satisfied,
content
等。
也可以将此类词后的that
从句的看作原因状语从句。
可以作为形式宾语
不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that
从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
We
get
married
month.
我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5.
后边不能直接跟that
从句的动词
这类动词有allow,
refuse,
let,
like,
cause,
force,
admire,
condemn,
celebrate,
dislike,
love,
help,
take,
forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
如:
admire
their
winning
match.
they
won
6.
不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy,
order,
accuse,
impress,
forgive,
blame,
denounce,
advise,
congratulate等。
He
impressed
manager
as
honest
man.
was
7.
否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think,
consider,
suppose,
believe,
expect,
fancy,
guess,
imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
don’t
think
dress
fits
well.
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三.
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,
look,
remain,
seem等。
引导表语从句的that常可省略。
另外,常用的还有the
reason
和It
because
等结构。
1)
The
question
make
good
preparation
such
short
time.
2)
This
why
can’t
support
of
people.
3)
But
remains
are
behind
other
classes.4)
late
missed
early
bus.
四.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
king’s
decision
prisoner
be
set
free
surprised
all
order
soldiers
should
stay
given
by
general.
同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
got
news
from
Mary
sports
meeting
put
off.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;
同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
Tom
abroad
year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The
him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
第二章
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解
"
It"
用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:
指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this,
that;
替代前文中的内容;
指代一位
性别不明的小孩或未知的人;
指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;
指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象„„
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
作形式主语的常见句型:
代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
adj.
(for
sb.)
do
sth.
此处adj.
通常为描述事件的形容词:
easy,
difficult,
hard,
necessary,
unnecessary,
possible,
impossible,
likely,
unlikely,
right,
wrong,
important,
unimportant,
legal,
illegal,
well-mannered,
ill-mannered,
polite,
impolite,
clear,
obvious,
suitable,
proper,
fit,
useful,
useless,
dangerous…
例
illegal
teenager)
drive
car
without
license.
sb.
通常为描述人的形容词:
kind,
unkind,
nice,
rude,
cruel,
considerate,
thoughtful,
thoughtless,
careful,
careless,
silly,
foolish,
stupid,
clever,
wise,
crazy.
It'
s
kind
help
problem.
It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
no
good/use
doing…
(well)worth
one'
while
doing/to
do…
doing/
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.
It替代作主语的从句常见句型
+
noun
+从句
secret
president
wants
have
second
term
at
office.
+clause
surprising
(should)„„„竟然„„
pity/shame
that„(should)„„„竟然„„
important
apologize
her
your
rudeness.(=It'
much
importance
rudeness.)
verb
clause=
v-ing
clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze
/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger
that…
worried
drove
so
fast.(=
worrying
fast.)
(to
that…=
sb/sth
(verb
=
appear,
seem,
come
about,
emerge,
follow,
chance,
happen,
occur,
transpire,
turn
out
work
out)
(so)
happened/chanced
were
out.(=
They
out.)
(5)
v-ed
that…=sb/sth
(verb=say,
report,
think,
hope,
agree,
accept,
decide,
determine,
intend,
plan,
understand,
know)
couple
gotten
divorced.(=The
divorced.)
(6)
…
(should)…
(verb=demand,
request,
require,
suggest,
recommend
suggested
begin
third
question.
三、It作主语的句型
takes
do„(=sb
takes„to
do„)某人用多长时间做某事
men
mend
roof.(=
roof.)
(just)(un)like
do„(不)像某人做某事的风格
(just)
like
helping
us.
(about/high)
time
/v-ed„是该做某事的时候了
s(about/high)
take
action.
x-th
v-ed„第几次做某事了
driving
test.
is/has
been„
since
„continuous
v-ed(延续性动词)
某动作已有多长时间不发生了
10
years
lived
here
was(not)„
before„过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了
long
before
arrived.
四、It
作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
作形式宾语的常见句型:
verb+
it+
adj./noun
(for/of)
do/clause
(verb=think,
feel,
make,
keep…)
hard
task
on
own./I
you'
ll
own.
verb+it+adj./noun
(one'
s)
doing
(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no
use/no
good/worth
while/a
waste
time/money/energy/words)
I'
worth
telling
about
his
secret.
verb+it+
important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential
verb+it+of
much/great/no/little
that…(should)…
(should)
attendthe
conference.
as+
noun/adj.+
(verb=accept,
regard,
see,
view)
lecturer
encouraging
when
many
students
attend
lectu