中考定语从句讲解通俗易懂含图标式讲解和练习Word下载.docx
《中考定语从句讲解通俗易懂含图标式讲解和练习Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中考定语从句讲解通俗易懂含图标式讲解和练习Word下载.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句:
是对先行词的补充说明,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。
从句一般用逗号同主句分开。
Mr.Green,whoiswatchingTV,ismyuncle.
(三)(限定性)定语从句的结构
Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.
先行词关系词定语从句
关系代词关系副词
which,who,whom,
whose,thatwhere,when,why
(四)定语从句的实质:
二句合一
(合并条件:
人物先行在句一,又占句二一席地)
Maryisagirl.
合并为一个句子
Shehaslonghair.
思路:
留(保留先行词)-----舍(舍去与先行词互指的词)----替(用关系词代替舍去部分)
Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.
请把下列句子二句合一
1.Isawtheman.Heclosedthedoor
girlishappy.Shewontherace
mancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen
(五)定语从句关系词的确定:
a.先行词的分类
b.先行词在从句中充当的成分
1.先行词做主语人:
who/that
物:
which/that
2.先行词做宾语人:
who/whom/that
3.先行词做定语人:
whose
whose/ofwhich
4.先行词做状语:
when,where,why
who,whom,whose,that用法区别.
who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语.
Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.
做题思路:
先分解——分析——再合并
分解Themanisaworker.
Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.
作主语
Whom/that作定语从句的宾语
Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.
分解Thewomanisateacher.
Theywantedtovisitthewoman.
作宾语
注意:
关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.
whose作定语从句的定语.
Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.
分解Iknowthegirl.
Thegirl’smotherisateacher.
作定语
小结:
关系词判断步骤
首先,要辨别出先行词。
如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,thatwhom,whose。
如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。
请看下表
先行词
主语
宾语
定语
人
who,that
who(m),that
whose
物
which,
that
which,that
whose,
ofwhich
巩固练习:
用适当代关系词填空
1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.
2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.
3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.
(六)只能用that,不能用which的情况:
(1)先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,theone等不定代词时;
(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时:
(3)先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。
(4)先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。
(5)在以who,which开头的句子中为了避免重复。
口诀:
不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错
先行词前有修饰,千万不能用which.
请在以下例句中体会以上规则:
1.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.
haven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.
3.Isittheonethatyouwant
isthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.
5.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsee.
isthebikethatyoulost
isthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting
(七)只能使用which的情况
1.关系代词前有介词时;
2.先行词本身是that时;
3.非限定定语从句
口诀:
要有which别着急,
介词提前逗隔离。
istheclassroominwhichwestudiedfortwoyear.
hastwodolls,whicharefromherparents
单项选择:
1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this
2.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.
A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as
3.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday
A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom
※thisfactoryalotofstudentsvisited
A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.who
5.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.
A.whichB.thatC./D.it
6.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all
※7._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.
A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho
注意:
①当关系词作定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
②若句中无先行词,先补出先行词再判断用法。
(4,7题)
完成下列句子:
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
whosavedtheboy’slife
Thisisthedoctor
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
whoisrunning
Themanismyuncle.
3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。
Isawawoman
whosebagwasstolen/whosebagwaslost.
4.住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.
Theyoungmanisateacher.
wholivesnextdoor
注意:
定语从句的时态不受主句影响。
【定语从句中考真题演练】
1、Therearelotsofthings______Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.(河北省卷)
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose
2、Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.(吉林省通化市)
3、—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.(江苏省南京市)
--Oh,hownice!
Doyouknowwhenhe_______
leavingleftleft
4、Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.(浙江省衢州市)
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whose
5、Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom(湖南长沙)
6、—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.(江苏省扬州市)
arehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake.
C./
7、Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning(四川省成都市)
8、Friendsarethose____makeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.(河南省)
AwhichBwhatCwhomDwho
9、IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_____HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.(湖北省十堰市)
10、Thisistheschool_______Istudiedthreeyearsago.(山东省菏泽市)
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which
11、—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime(黑龙江省哈尔滨市)
—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary____________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.
A.whichB.thatC.where
12、—Thevillage_________Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.(福建省福州市)
--ReallyIhopetogothereonday.
13、Thisismybeautifulschool_______isnearthefamouslibrary.(广西省桂林市)
A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when
14、Theoldwoman______iswearingapairofglasses______Mrs.Black.(黑龙江省鸡西市)
A.which,areB.who,areC.who,is
15、Doyoulikemusic_______makesyourelaxed(广西省定西市)
A.itB.whatC.whoD.that