集美大学研究生考试学硕参考阅读Word文档格式.docx

集美大学研究生考试学硕参考阅读Word文档格式.docx

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visualdefectsfromtheopticiantothemanufacturer,whowillthenproduceandmailthecontactlenseswithinacoupleofdays.Thephysicistexpectsthelensestocostaboutadollarapair,aboutthesameasconventionalone-daydisposablelenses.

76.Thenewcontactlensismeantfor_____________.

A.astronomicalobservationsB.thenightblind

C.thosewithvisiondefectsD.opticalexperiments

77.Whatdo“thetwoinstruments”（Line5,Para.2）referto?

A.Theastronomicaltelescopeandthewave-frontsensor.

B.Thealuminummirrorandthelaserbeam.

C.Theactivemirrorandthecontactlens.

D.Thealuminummirrorandthewave-frontsensor.

78.“Individualizedcontactlenses”（Line7,Para.2）arelensesdesigned_____.

A.toworklikeanastronomicaltelescope

B.tosuitthewearer'

sspecificneeds

C.toprocessextremelyaccuratedata

D.totestthewearer'

seyesight

79.AccordingtoBillie,withthenewlensesthewearer'

svision_____.

A.willbefarbetteratnightthaninthedaytime

B.maybebroadenedabout15timesthanwithoutthem

C.canbebetterimprovedinthedaytimethanatnight

D.willbesharperbyamuchgreaterdegreeatnightthaninthedaytime

80.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutBillie’slenses?

A.Theirproductionprocessiscomplicated.

B.Theywillbesoldataverylowprice.

C.Theyhavetobereplacedeveryday.

D.PurchaseorderscanbemadethroughtheInternet.

Key:

CDBDB

　　Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicesuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.

　　RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation（航空）industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesban（禁止）suchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical”stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.

　　Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledeviceemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.

　　Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable（易受损的）tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic’stooloud.

　　21.Thepassageismainlyabout________.

　　A）anewregulationforalairlines

　　B）thedefectsofelectronicdevices

　　C）apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

　　D）effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

　　22.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

　　A）Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.

　　B）Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.

　　C）Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers.

　　D）Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.

　　23.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause________.

　　A）theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

　　B）theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

　　C）mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers

　　D）theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

　　24.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?

　　A）Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.

　　B）Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.

　　C）Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.

　　D）Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.

　　25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor________.

　　A）isinfavorofprohibitingpassengers’useofelectronicdevicescompletely

　　B）hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference

　　C）hasn’tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

　　D）regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

Itisoneofourproblemsthataswebecomecrowdedtogether,thesoundswemaketoeachother,inourincreasinglycomplexcommunicationsystems,becomemorerandom-sounding,accidentalorincidental,andwehavetroubleselectingmeaningfulsignalsoutofthenoise.Onereasonis,ofcourse,thatwedonotseemabletorestrictourcommunicationtoinformation-bearing,relevantsignals.Givenanynewtechnologyfortransmittinginformation,weseemboundtouseitforgreatquantitiesofsmalltalk.Weareonlysavedbymusicfrombeingoverwhelmedbynonsense.

Itisamarginalcomforttoknowthattherelativelynewscienceofbioacousticsmustdealwithsimilarproblemsinthesoundsmadebyotheranimalstoeachother.Nomatterwhatsound-makingdeviceisplacedattheirdisposal,creaturesingeneraldoagreatdealofgabbling,anditrequireslongpatienceandobservationtoeditthepartslackingsyntaxandsense.

Somewhere,underlyingallothersignals,isacontinualmusic.Termites（白蚁）makedrummingsoundstoeachotherbybeatingtheirheadsagainstthefloorinthedark,resonatingcorridorsoftheirnest.Thesoundhasbeendescribedasresembling,tothehumanear,sandfallingonpaper,butspectrographicanalysisofsoundrecordshasrecentlyrevealedahighdegreeoforganizationinthedrumming;

thebeatsoccurinregular,rhythmicphrases,differinginduration,likenotesforakettledrumsection.

Fromtimetotime,certaintermitesmakeajerkymovementoftheirmandiblestoproducealoud,high-pitchedclickingsound,audibletenmetersoff.Somucheffortgoesintothisonenotethatitmusthaveurgentmeaning,atleasttothesender.Hecannotmakeitwithoutsuchawrenchthatheisflungoneortwocentimetersintotheairbytherecoil.

Thereisobvioushazardintryingtoassignaparticularmeaningtothisspecialkindofsoundandproblemslikethiswhichexistthroughoutthefieldofbioacoustics.Onecanimagineaclear-headedvisitorfromouterspace,interestedinhumanbeings,discerningonhisspectrographtheclickofthatgolfballonthesurfaceofthemoon,andtryingtoaccountforitasacallofwarning（unlikely）,asignalofmating（outofquestion）,oranannouncementofterritory（couldbe）.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,humansoundcommunication____________

A.ismoresignificantthananimals’soundcommunication

B.canonlydependontechnologytotransmitinformation

C.involvesplentyofsignalsthatmakenosense

D.isfarfrommeaningful

2.Whatdoes“smalltalk”inPara.1mean?

A.It’scasualconversation.

B.It’sveryshortconversation.

C.It’stheconversationamongveryfewpeople.

D.It’stheconversationamongyoungpeople.

3.WelearnformPara.2that___________.

A.allthesoundsmadebyanimalsaremeaningful

B.humansarebetterlinguiststhananimals

C.humansarehappytoseethatanimalshavethesamesoundproblems

D.bioacousticscanhelpdecodethesoundsofanimals

4.Thebeatingsoundofthetermite__________.

A.hasitsownrhythmsandconnotations

B.i