Understanding the Word object model from the view ofnetWord文档下载推荐.docx

Understanding the Word object model from the view ofnetWord文档下载推荐.docx

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UnderstandingtheWordObjectModelfroma.NETDeveloper'

sPerspective

作者:

未知时间:

2004-10-2712:

12出处:

Blog责编:

chinaitpower

摘要：

暂无

Summary:

ProvidesinformationonhowtouseMicrosoftVisualStudioToolsfortheMicrosoftOfficeSystemtotakeadvantageoftheobjectsavailableinMicrosoftOfficeWord2003.ItintroducesseveralimportantWordobjectsandprovidesexamplesofhowtousethem.YouwilllearnhowtoworkwithWord2003applicationsanddocuments,aswellaswithsomeofthemoreimportantpropertiesandmethods.（105printedpages）

DownloadtheWordObject.exefromtheMicrosoftDownloadCenter.

Contents

Introduction

GettingStartedwithaWordProject

TheUnderpinnings:

DocumentsandTemplates

Bird'

s-EyeViewoftheWordObjectModel

TheApplicationObject

TheDocumentObject

TheSelectionObject

TheRangeObject

TheBookmarkObject

SearchingandReplacingText

Printing

CreatingWordTables

Summary

Microsoft®

Wordisprobablyoneofthemostcommonlyusedsoftwareproductsintheworldtoday.MostpeopleusingWordgetbyjustfinewithoutwritinganycodeatall,althoughWordhasarichandpowerfulobjectmodelmakingiteminentlyprogrammable.MicrosoftVisualStudioToolsfortheMicrosoftOfficeSystemenablesdeveloperstointeractwiththeobjectsprovidedbytheMicrosoftOfficeWord2003objectmodelbyusinga.NETlanguage,suchasMicrosoftVisualBasic®

.NETorMicrosoftVisualC#®

.Wordpossessesarichfeatureset,allofwhichareaccessiblethroughcode.Therearequiteafewobjectstolearnabout,whichcanbeconfusingwhenyou'

refirstgettingstarted.Conveniently,Wordobjectsarearrangedinahierarchicalfashion,andyoucangetagoodstartontheobjectmodelbyfocusingonthetwomainclassesatthetopofthehierarchy,theApplicationandDocumentclasses.Focusonthesetwoclassesmakessensewhenyouconsiderthatmostofthetimeyou'

lleitherbeworkingwiththeWordapplicationitself,ormanipulatingWorddocumentsinsomeway.

AsyoudigintotheWordobjectmodel,you'

llfindthatitemulatestheWorduserinterface,makingiteasytoguessthattheApplicationobjectprovidesawrapperaroundtheentireapplication,eachDocumentobjectrepresentsasingleWorddocument,theParagraphobjectcorrespondstoasingleparagraph,andsoforth.Eachoftheseobjectshasmanymethodsandpropertiesthatallowyoutomanipulateandinteractwithit.ThebehaviorsofthemembersoftheseobjectsaregenerallyeasytoguessÃ

‚Â

—howaboutthePrintOutmethod?

Otherscanbemoreobscureandsometimestrickytousecorrectly.Onceyoulearnthebasics,you'

llfindthatthereisn'

tanythingyoucandointheWorduserinterfacethatyoucan'

tdojustaseasilyincode.ProgramminginWordallowsyoutoautomaterepetitivetasks,andtoextendandcustomizethefunctionalitybuiltintoWord.

Inthisdocument,you'

lllearnhowtotakeadvantageofmanyoftheobjectsinWord2003,andyouwillalsobeintroducedtosomeoftheproperties,methods,andeventsofeachobject.You'

lllearnhowtoworkwithWordapplicationsanddocuments,aswellaswithsomeoftheirmoreimportantmethodsandproperties.

Note 

ProgrammingWordanditsobjectsfromVisualBasic.NETfeelsmuchlikeprogramminginVBA.VisualBasic.NEThandlesoptionalparameters,andallowslatebinding,justlikeVBA.C#,ontheotherhand,providesuniquechallengeswhenprogrammingagainsttheWordobjectmodel.BecauseC#doesn'

tsupportoptionalparameters,parameterizedproperties,orlatebinding,you'

llneedtohandlemanyoftheWordmethodsandpropertiesspeciallywhenprogramminginC#.ThisdocumentpointsoutthedifferencesbetweenVisualBasic.NETandC#programming,astheycomeup.

WhenyoucreateanewOfficeprojectinVisualStudio.NET,youaregiventheoptionofcreatinganewWordDocumentorWordTemplateproject,asshowninFigure1.

Figure1.YoucancreateeitheraWordDocumentoraWordTemplateprojectinVisualStudio.NET.

VisualStudio.NETautomaticallycreatesacodefilenamedThisDocument.vborThisDocument.csinyournewWordprojectforbothDocumentandTemplateprojects.OpenThisDocumentinyournewproject.You'

llseethatapublicclassnamedOfficeCodeBehindhasalreadybeengeneratedforyou.ExpandthehiddenGeneratedinitializationcoderegion.TheOfficeCodeBehindclassincludescodethatwrapstheWord.DocumentandWord.Applicationobjects:

'

VisualBasic

FriendWithEventsThisDocumentAsWord.Document

FriendWithEventsThisApplicationAsWord.Application

//C#

privateWord.ApplicationthisApplication=null;

privateWord.DocumentthisDocument=null;

Thesetwovariablesaredeclaredforyou:

∙ThisDocument:

RepresentstheWordDocumentobject,andallowsaccesstoallofthebuilt-inDocumentmembersinWord,includingmethods,propertiesandevents.

∙ThisApplication:

RepresentstheWordApplicationobject,andallowsaccesstoalloftheApplicationobject'

smembers,includingevents.

TheavailabilityofthesetwopredefinedvariablesallowseasyaccesstobothWordobjectsinyourcodewithouthavingtodeclareseparateWord.DocumentorWord.ApplicationobjectsÃ

—justuseThisDocumentandThisApplication.

EachofthefollowingsectionsdigsintotheDocumentandApplicationobjects,pickingspecificmembersofeachobjectfordemonstration.Wordhasaveryrichobjectmodel,anditwouldbeimpossibletodigintoallofthemembershere:

You'

llgetenoughoftheflavoroftheobjectmodeltobeabletogetstarted,andyou'

lllearnenoughtousetheWordonlinehelpformoredetails.

Tip 

Throughoutthisarticle,you'

llseemanyusesoftheCTypeandDirectCastmethodsintheVisualBasic.NETcode.ThereasonforthisisthatthesampleprojecthasitsOptionStrictsettingon—thismeansthatVisualBasic.NETrequiresstricttypeconversions.ManyWordmethodsandpropertiesreturnObjecttypes:

Forexample,the_StartupprocedureispassedvariablesnamedapplicationanddocumentasObjecttypes,andtheCTypefunctionisusedtoexplicitlyconverteachtoWord.ApplicationandWord.Documentobjects,respectively.Therefore,tobeasrigorousaboutconversionsaspossible,thesamplehasenabledOptionStrict,andhandleseachtypeconversionexplicitly.Ifyou'

reaC#developerreadingthisdocument,you'

lllikelyappreciatethisdecision.However,asyou'

llseelateron,therearecertainWordfeaturesthatdon'

ttranslatewellintotheobject-orientedparadigmÃ

—itcansometimesbemoreconvenienttoworkwithOptionStrictoff.Forthemostpart,you'

llwanttoworkwithOptionStricton;

you'

lllearnaboutthefewexceptionsastheyarise.

BeforeyoucaneffectivelyprogramWord,youneedtounderstandhowWordworks.Mostoftheactionsyou'

llperformincodehaveequivalentsintheuserinterfaceonthemenusandtoolbars.ThereisalsoanunderlyingarchitecturethatprovidesstructuretothoseUIchoices.Oneofthemostimportantconceptsistheideaoftemplates.YouprobablyarealreadyfamiliarwiththeconceptofatemplateÃ

—aWordtemplatecancontainboilerplatetextandstylesaswellascode,toolbars,keyboardshortcutsandAutoTextentries.WheneveryoucreateanewWorddocument,itisbasedonatemplate,whichisdistinguishedbythe.dotfilenameextensionÃ

—Worddocumentshavea.docfilenameextension.Thenewdocumentislinkedtothetemplate,andhasaccesstoalltemplateitems.Ifyoudonotspecifyacustomtemplate,anynewdocumentsyoucreatewillbebasedontheNormal.dotdefaulttemplate,whichisinstalledwhenyouinstallWord.

AboutNormal.dot

TheNormal.dottemplateisglobalinscope,andisavailabletoeverydocumentyoucreate.Youcould,ifyouwantedto,putallofyourcodeintheNormal.dotandbaseallofthedocumentsinyourenvironmentonyourNormaltemplate.Butthefilecouldbecomequitelarge,soformanydevelopers,abettersolutionistocreatecustomizedtemplatesforspecificapplications.DocumentscreatedusingyourcustomtemplatestillhaveaccesstothecodeinthedefaultNormaltemplate.Infact,youcanattachadocumenttomorethanonecustomtemplateinadditiontoNormalifyousodesire.

TemplatesandYourCode

Youarenotlimitedtotemplatesascontainersforstylesandcode;

youcanalsocustomizeandwritecodeinindividualdocumentswithoutaffectingthecontentofthetemplatethedocumentisbasedon.WhenWordrunsyourcode,itusesthefullyqualifiedreferenceofthesource（whichcanbeatemplateorthedocument）,themodulename,andtheprocedurename.Thisoperatesinasimilarfashiontonamespaces,keepingproceduresseparated.Figure2showstheCustomizedialogboxfortoolbars,illustratingthisconcept.Eachprocedureisfullyqualifiedwiththenameoftheproject,themodule,andtheprocedurename.Inthiscase,theitemselectedintherightpanereferstoaprocedurenamedTileVerticalthatiscontainedintheTilemoduleinNormal.dot.TheSaveDocumentprocedurelistedimmediatelybelowitiscontainedintheactivedo