英语 text structure analysisWord格式文档下载.docx

英语 text structure analysisWord格式文档下载.docx

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sloadandimproveone'

slife.First,welearntheharmsofstress.Thenwelearnhowtodealwithit.Thepassagecanbedividedintofiveparts.

PartOneisParagraphIandParagraph2,presentingthetopicoftheessay:

Ifyouoftenfeelthestressinyourlifeisspinningoutofcontrol,youneedtolearntotakechargeofyourlifewhereyoucan--andrecognizetherearemanythingsbeyondyourcontrol

PartTwoconsistsofthreeparagraphs:

fromParagraph3toParagraph5,mainlyabouttheharmfuleffectsofstress.InParagraph3,thewriterintroducesDr.RobertS.Eliot,aclinicalprofessorofmedicinewhowroteabookFromStresstoStrength:

HowtoLightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife.ThisgivesusahintthatthewritermighttellusaboutDr.Eliot'

sopinionsconcerningstress.Paragraphs4and5tellustheharmfulresultsofstress:

highbloodpressure,highercholesterollevels,crazyheartrhythms,andpossiblydeath.

PartThreeismadeupofsixparagraphs,fromParagraph6toParagraphII,mainlyaboutthecausesofstress.Paragraph6tellsusstresswasoncenearlykillingEliot,buthe'

sdoingverywellnow.InParagraph7,Eliotanalyzesthemainpredictorsofstress一一fear，uncertainty，anddoubt一一togetherwithperceivedlackofcontrol.InParagraph8,Eliotclaimstherootofsomepeople'

sstressisanger.InParagraph9,Eliotsaysonesourceofstresscomesfromseekingperfection,aterriblecyclethatendsinperfectionistsblowingtheirtops.InParagraph10,Eliotsaysothersareangrybecausetheyhavenocompassinlife.Thattheygivethesameemphasistoatrafficjamthattheygivetoafamilyargumentisanexamplethattheyhavelittleunderstandingofwhatisimportantinlife.Paragraph11concludesthispartbysayingthatstresscanactuallymakeyouhot-temperedandblowapartduetoaheartproblem

PartFourconsistsofanothersevenparagraphs,fromParagraph12toParagraph18.ThispartpresentsuswithsomesuggestionsfromEliotastohowtodealwithstress.InParagraph12,Eliotadvisesusthatoneshouldlearntobelesshostilebychangingsomeattitudesandnegativethinking.StartingfromParagraph13,Eliotrecommendstakingchargeoflife.Controlisthewayoutofbeingstressed.InParagraph14,Eliotrecommendsthatpeopleshouldunderstandwhatpartsoflifearecontrollable.Oneshouldalsofindoutwhatneedstobedoneinordertogaincontrol.Paragraphs15to17gointo

detailconcerninghowtosetpriorities.InParagraph15,EliotgivesusanexampleofsomethingBenFranklindid.Franklinwrotedownwhathewantedtodo--beabetterfather,abetterhusband,financiallyindependent,stimulatedintellectually,andremaineven-tempered.InParagraph16,Eliotsuggeststhatapersoncanfirstlisttwelvethingsandthencutthelistdowntosix,onlykeepingthingsthatwillaffectidentity,control,andself-worth.InParagraph17,Eliotcontinuestoadviseusthatsincetimeislimited,apersonmustdecidetodoonlythemostimportantthings.ButParagraph18warnsthattheseprioritiesarelikelytochangeastheyare.

PartFiveincludestheremainderofthispassage.Paragraphs19and20.Inthetwoparagraphs,thewriterpresentsEliot'

sopinionthatsomethings,suchastheeconomyandpoliticians,cannotbecontrolled.Wemustthereforelearntoacceptthesethings.

SectionA,UnitFourBookIINHCE

Oneofthewaysfordiscourseorganizationistoprojectthediscourseintoquestionsandanswers.Questionsareoftenusedasameansofclarifyingtheorganizationofadiscourse.InUnitIBook2wehaveintroducedittoseehowitcanenableustoseethestructuralorganizationofapassage.TextAofthisunitistypicalofthatstructure:

Theorganizationcanbeclearlyspelledoutbyquestionsandanswers.

Thepassageisashortstory,anditsstructuralorganizationcanbebroughttolightwhenweinsertsomequestionsbetweenparagraphs.Generallyspeaking,thestorycanbedividedintonineparts.Pleaselookatthefollowingchartwithquestionsinsertedbetweenpartstofindouthoweachpartlinkswiththenextpart.

PartOneistheFirstparagraph,whichisthebeginningofthestory.Theparagraphtellsusaboutatallyoungarmyofficer,JohnBlandford,waitingtomeetawomanatsixo'

clock.Welearnsomethingstrangehere.Hehasneveractuallyseenherbefore,butthiswomanhasfilledaspecialplaceinhislifeandherwrittenwordshavegivenhimstrength.

Thefirstparagraphmayleadreaderstoaskwhothewomanis,whytheyoungmanshouldwaittoseeher,howshehasgivenhimstrengthandwhattherelationshipbetweentheyoungmanandthewomanis.Thequestionsbuildasortofexpectationforthereaderstocontinuereadingtofindanswers.

PartTwoincludestwoparagraphs,Paragraphs2and3,whichansweratleastsomeoftheinsertedquestions.Paragraph2tellsuswhothewomanisandhowsheemergesintheyoungman'

slife.ThewomanisHollisMeynellwhowriteshimletters,wishinghimsafetyandcourageandgivinghimhersupportduringhismilitaryservice.Hegetsabookfromherandappreciateshersupportforhiscause.Hereadsherlettertohimagainandagain.Paragraph3goesontotellusmoreaboutthewoman,whichmakestherelationshipbetweenthetwoclear.Thewoman'

sletter-writinggoesonnonstopfor13months.Sheevenwritestohimwhennotgettinghislettersofreply.Duringthedifficulttimeofwar,herlettersgivehimmuchcouragetosurvivethewar.Thengraduallyhe

believesthathelovesherandsheloveshim.Fatehasbroughtthemtogether.

Sinceloveistherebetweenthem,readerswillnaturallyaskwhatwillhappenafterthat.

PartThreeisonlyoneparagraph.Paragraph4,whichservestoananswerthereaders'

question.Itisonlytoonaturalthattheyoungmanwantstohaveaphotoofthewomansincetheyhavenevermeteachotherbefore.Dramaticallyenough,thewomandeclinestherequest.Detailedreasonshavebeenofferedbythewoman.Thewomanisseekingtruelove,notlovebecauseofbeautifullooksorloneliness.ShewouldratherleavethequestionofloveundecideduntiltheymeeteachotherinNewYorksometimelater.

Uptonowweareclearaboutwhytheyoungmaniswaitingatthestationforthewoman.Herereadersmightinsertanotherquestion:

Aretheygoingtomeetthere?

Orwhatisgoingtohappennext?

PartFourismadeupofthreeparagraphs.Paragraphs5,6and7,whichdescribethemomentoftheirmeeting.Onlyoneminutetosix,ayoungwomancomestowardhim.Sheisbeautiful,justlikespringtimecomingalive.Instinctively,hemovestowardher.Buthereisasmalldetailthatshouldnotescapeourattention--theyoungwomanisnotwearingarose,whichwassupposedtoidentifyher.

This,then,leavesanotherquestionforcarefulreaderstoask--sincesheisnotwearingarose,istheyoungwomanreallytheonehehasbeenwaitingfor?

PartFiveconsistsoftwoshortparagraphs.Paragraphs8and9.Inthesetwoparagraphswecanfindthattheyoungwomanaskshimifhe'

sgoinginherdirection.JohnBlandford,instantlymovesonestepclosertoher.Thenhethinkshefindsthewomanheiswaitingfor--HollisMeynell.

Atthismoment,readersmightthinkthatHollisisthewomanwhoisaddressinghim.ReadersmightassumethatHollisisbeautifulandyoung.Thisseemslikeacommonlovestory.

PartSixisParagraph10,whichisasurprisetoreaders.Thewomanwhoiswearingtheroseisnotthebeautifulwoman.Thiscomesasquiteashock!

Instead,Hollisisapparentlyawomanwellpastforty,wholookslikeafossiltohim.Shehaspatchesofgrayhairandlegsthataresofatthattheyareshaking.Itisthisolderwomanwhoiswearingtheredrose.

Thatisreallyasurprisingturningpoint,whichinevitablyelicitsmorequestionsfromreaders.Whereistheyounggirlnow?

WhatisBlandford'

sresponsegoingtobe?

PartSevenisParagraphII,whichclearsreaders'

doubts.Thebeautifulyounggirlvanishesoutofsight.Blandfordisthenleftwithaseriouschoice.Shouldhegiveintohisdesireandfollowtheyoungwoman?

Afterbriefthought,hedecidesnotto.Heholdshimselfback,becausehewantstomeetHollis,thewomanwhosespirithasbroughthimwarmth.Inhereyes,heevenfinds,undertheolderwoman'

sappearance,warmth,gentlenessandintelligence.

Herereadersmightaskwhattheyoungmanwilldonext

PartEighthastwoparagraphs.Paragraphs12and13.Blandfordsuccessfullyresiststheurgetofollowtheyoungerwoman.HetakesoutthebookwhichistoidentifyhimtoHollisMeynell.HebelieveshisrelationshipwithHolliswillbesomethingprecious,somethingperhapsevenlesscommonthanlove--afriendshipforwhichhehasbeen,andwouldalwaysbe,thankful.Heholdsthebookouttowardthewoman.Thatisthemeetingbetweenthem.

Atthispoint,readersmightexpectthatthiswouldbetheendofthestory.WhatBlandfordhasbeenwaitingforisanoldbutkindlady.Sincethisisthefirsttimeforthemtomeet,thereisyetanotherquestion.Whatwilltheytelleachother?

PartNineisthelastparagraph.Paragraph14,whichisreallyanunexpectedendingforreaders.JohnBlandford,asplannedbefore,introduceshimselfandinvitesthewomantodinner.Butthewoman'

sreplyisverysurprising.HeranswermakesitclearthatsheisnotthewomanthatBlandfordhasbeenwaitingfor.Shewasaskedbytheyoungwomanwhoappearedbeforetoweararoseonhercoat.TheyoungwomanisgivingBlandfordatesttoseewhetherhe