井控常见计算文档格式.docx
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desiredannularvelocity=120ft/min
Holesize=12-1/4in
PipeOD=4-1/2in
PO=
4．BuoyancyFactor（BF）浮力系数
Buoyancyfactorusingmudweight,ppg
BF=
Determinethebuoyancyfactorfora15.0ppgfluid:
确定泥浆密度为15.0ppg的浮力系数
BF=
BF=0.77099
5．PumpPressure/PumpStrokeRelationship泵压和泵冲的简单换算关系
（AlsoCalledtheRoughneck’sFormula）Basicformula
NewcirculatingPressure,psi=presentcirculatingPressure
Example:
Determinethenewcirculatingpressure,psiusingthefollowingdata:
确定新的循环泵压
Presentcirculatingpressure=1800psi现在的循环泵压
Oldpumprate=60spm现在的排量
Newpumprate=30spm新的排量
NewcirculatingPressure,psi=presentcirculating
=450psi新的循环泵压
6．TemperatureConversionFormulas摄氏和华氏温度的转化公式
Converttemperature,
Fahrenheit（F）to
CentigradeorCelsius（C）
C=
example:
Convert95
Fto
C:
将95
F转换成
=35
7．SlugCalculations压钻杆重泥浆的计算
1）Barrelsofslugrequiredforadesiredlengthofdrypipe
设定期望的不倒返泥浆的钻具高度后，如何计算重泥浆的体积量
Step1
Hydrostaticpressurerepuiredtogivedesireddropinsidedrillpipe:
Hp,psi=mudwt,ppg
ftofdrypipe
Step2
Differenceinpressuregradientbetweenslugweightandmudweight:
Psi/ft=（slugwt,ppg-mudwt,ppg）
Step3
Lengthofslugindrillpipe:
Sluglength,ft=pressure,psi
differenceinpressuregradient,psi/ft
Step4
Volumeofslug,barrels:
Slugvol,bbl=sluglenth,ft
drillpipecapacity,bbl/ft
determinethebarrelsofslugrequiredforthefollowing:
确定所需要的重泥浆体积量
Desiredlengthofdrypipe（2stands）=184ft期望的不倒返泥浆的钻具高度（两柱）
Mudweight=12.2ppg在用泥浆密度
Slugweight=13.2ppg重泥浆密度
Drillpipecapacity=0.01422bbl/ft钻具的内容积
4-1/2in.—16.61b/ft
Step1第一步计算
Hydrostaticpressurerequired:
需要的液柱压力降
Hp,psi=12.2ppg
184ft=117psi
Step2第二步计算
Differenceinpressuregradient,psi/ft:
压力的不同
Psi/ft=（13.2ppg-12.2ppg）
0.052=0.052Psi/ft
Step3第三步计算
Lengthofslugindrillpipe,ft:
重泥浆在钻具内的长度
Sluglength,ft=117psi
0.052=2250ft
Step4第四步计算
Volumeofslug,bbl:
Slugvol,bbl=2250ft
0.01422bbt/ft=32.0bbl需要的重泥浆的体积量
2）Weightofslugrequiredforadesiredlengthofdrypipewithasetvolumeofslug
设定期望的不倒返泥浆的钻具高度和重泥浆的体积量后，如何计算重泥浆密度
Sluglength,ft=slugvol,bbl
Hydrostaticpressurerequiredtogivedesireddropinsidedrillpipe:
Weightofslug,ppg:
Slugwt,ppg=HP,psi
sluglength,ft+mudwt,ppg
determinetheweightofslugrequiredforthefollowing:
确定重泥浆密度
Mudweight=12.2ppg泥浆密度
Slugvolume=25bbl重泥浆体积
4-1/2in.—16.61b/ft
Sluglength,ft=25bbl
0.01422bbl/ft=1758ft
需要的液柱压力
HP,psi=12.2ppg
184ft=117psi
重泥浆密度
Slugwt,ppg=117psi
1758ft+12.2ppg=13.5ppg
3）Volume,height,andpressuregainedbecauseofslug:
因为重泥浆造成的泥浆体积、高度和压力的变化
a）Volumegainedinmudpitsafterslugispumped,duetoU-tubing:
Vol,bbl=ftofdrypipe
b）Height,ft,thattheslugwouldoccupyinannulus:
Height,ft=annulusvol,ft/bbl
slugvol,bbl
c）hydrostaticpressuregainedinannulusbecauseofslug:
HP,psi=heightofsluginannulus,ft
differenceingradient,psi/ftbetweenslugwtandmudwt
Example:
Feetofdrypipe（2stands）=184ft干钻杆的长度（不倒返泥浆）
Slugvolume=32.4bbl加重泥浆的体积量
Slugweight=13.2ppg加重泥浆的密度
Mudweight=12.2ppg在用泥浆的密度
Annulusvolume（8-1/2in.by4-1/2in.）=19.8ft/bbl
环空容积（例如：
8-1/2in.钻头和4-1/2in钻杆）
a）Volumegainedinmudpitsafterslugispumped,duetoU-tubing:
因为U型管效应，加重泥浆泵入井内后，泥浆罐增加的泥浆体积量：
Vol,bbl=184ft
0.01422bbl/ft=2.62bbl
b）Height,ft,thattheslugwouldoccupyintheannulus:
加重泥浆在环空所占的高度：
Height,ft=19.8ft/bbl
32.4bbl=641.5ft
加重泥浆造成的液柱压力的增加值：
HP,psi=641.5ft（13.2-12.2）
0.052=33.4psi
8．StuckPipeCalculations卡钻的计算
Determinethefeetoffreepipeandthefreepointconstant
Thedepthatwhichthepipeisstuckandthenumberoffeetoffreepipecanbeestimatedbythedrillpipestretchtablebelowandthefollowingformula.
卡点的深度和自由段钻具的长度可由钻具的伸长表和以下公式计算：
Table2
DrillPipeStretchTable
Stretch
NominalWallConstantFree
ID,Weight,ID,Area,in/1000lbPoint
In.lb/ftin.sqin./1000ftconstant
2-3/84.851.9951.3040.306753260.0
6.651.8151.8430.217044607.7
2-7/86.852.2411.8120.220754530.0
10.402.1512.8580.139967145.0
3-1/29.502.9922.5900.154446475.0
13.302.7643.6210.110479052.5
15.502.6024.3040.0929410760.0
4.011.853.4763.0770.130007692.5
14.003.3403.8050.105129512.5
4-1/213.753.9583.6000.111119000.0
16.603.8264.4070.0907611017.5
18.103.7544.8360.0827112090.0
20.003.6405.4980.0727513745.0
5.016.254.4084.3740.0914510935.0
19.504.2765.2750.0758313187.5
5-1/221.904.7785.8280.0686314570.0
24.704.6706.6300.0603316575.0
6-5/825.205.9656.5260.0612916315.0
自由段钻具=伸长*卡点常量/上拉力
3-1/2in.13.30lb/ftdrillpipe
20in.ofstretchwith35,000lbofpullforce
Fromdrillpipestretchtable:
Freepointconstant=9052.5for3-1/2in.drillpipe
13.30lb/ft
feetof
freepipe=
=5173ft
determinefreepointconstant（FPC）确定卡点常量
Thefreepointconstantcanbedeterminedforanytypeofsteeldrillpipeiftheoutsidediameter,in.,andinsidediameter,in.,areknown:
FPC=As
2500
WhereAs=pipewallcrosssectionalarea,sqin.钻具的本体横截面积
Example1:
Fromthedrillpipesretchtable:
4-1/2in.drillpipe16.6lb/ft–ID=3.826in.
FPC=
=11,017.5
9．MixingFluidsofDifferentDensities配制不同密度的泥浆的计算
Formula:
Where
=volumeoffluid1（bbl,gal,etc.）流体1的容积
=densityoffluid1（ppg,lb/ft3,etc）流体1的比重
=volumeoffluid2（bbl,gal,etc.）流体2的容积
=densityoffluid2（ppg,lb/ft3,etc）流体2的比重
=volumeoffinalfluidmix混合后流体的容积
=densityoffinalfluidmix混合后流体的比重
Alimitisplacedonthedesiredvolume:
Determinethevolumeof11.0ppgmudand14.0ppgmudrequiredtobuild300bblof11.5ppgmud:
确定配制300bbl比重为11.5ppg的泥浆所需要11.0和14.0ppg的泥浆各多少
Given:
400bblof11.0ppgmudonhand,and400bblof14.0ppgmudonhand
给定条件：
11.0和14.0ppg的泥浆各400bbl。
Solution:
解决：
let
=bblof11.0ppgmud11.0ppg泥浆的体积
=bblof14.0ppgmud14.0ppg泥浆的体积
thena）
+
=300bbl
b）（11.0）
+（14.0）
=（11.5）（300）
multiplyequationAbythedensityofthelowestmudweight（
=11.0ppg）andsubtracttheresultfromEquationB:
=50
Therefore:
50bblof14.0ppgmud
300bbl
=300-50=250bblof11.0ppgmud
Check:
=50bbl
=14.0ppg
150bbl
=11.0ppg
=300bbl
=finaldensity,ppg
（50）（14.0）+（250）（11.0）=300
700+2750=300
3450=300
3450
300=
11.5ppg=
Example2:
Nolimitisplacedonvolume:
Determinethedensityandvolumewhenthetwofollowingmudsaremixedtogether:
两种泥浆混合在一起后，确定比重和体积
Given:
400bblof11.0ppgmud,and
400bblof11.0ppgmud例如：
400bbl、11.0ppg的泥浆和400bbl、14.0ppg的泥浆
let
=bblof11.0ppgmud计算：
=densityof11.0ppgmud
=bblof14.0ppgmud
=densityof14.0ppgmud
=finalvolume,bbl
（400）（11.0）+（400）（14.0）=800
4400+5600=800
10,000=800
10,000
800=
12.5ppg=
Therefore:
finalvolume=800bbl因此：
混合后的体积为800bbl
Finaldensity=12.5ppg比重为：
12.5ppg
10．FormationPressureTests地层压力试验
Twomethodsoftesting:
有两种测试方法
1.·
Equivalentmudweighttest当量泥浆密度测试
2.·
Leak-offtest地层漏失试验
Precautionstobeundertakenbeforetesting:
测试前，需要注意的事项：
1.Circulateandconditionthemudtoensurethemudweightisconsistentthroughoutthesystem.彻底循环泥浆以确保整个系统的泥浆密度一致。
2.Changethepressuregague（ifpossible）toasmallerincrementgaugesoamoreaccuratemeasurecanbedetermined.更换为量程更细的压力表以使测量更为准确。
3.Shut-inthewell.关井。
4.Beginpumpingataveryslowrate—1/4to1/2bbl/min
用非常小的排量泵入泥浆（1/4-1/2桶/分钟）
5.Monitorpressure,time,andbarrelspumped.观察压力、时间和泵入的泥浆量
6.Someoperatorsmayhavedifferentproceduresinrunningthistest,othersmayinclude:
一些作业者可能有其它的程序：
a.Increasingthepressureby100psiincrements,waitingforafewminutes,thenincreasingbyanother100psi,andsoon,untileithertheequivalentmudweightisachievedoruntilLeak-offisachieved.以100PSI的增量升高压力，等待几分钟后，再升高100PSI，直到达到了要求的当量泥浆密度或地层发生了漏失。
b.Someoperatorsprefernotpumpingagainstaclosedsystem.Theyprefertocirculatethroughthechokeandincreasebackpressurebyslowlyclosingthechoke.Inthismethod,theannularpressurelossshouldbecalculatedandaddedtothetes
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