listenthisway3答案及原文文档格式.docx

listenthisway3答案及原文文档格式.docx

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globalwarming/greenhouseeffect/emissionsofCO2

PartII 

TheEarthatrisk（I）

A.Keys:

1.

a.Morepeople--------morefirewood----fewertrees

b.Moredomesticanimals------moreplants-----feweravailableplants

a,b--Moredesert----movesouth-----desrttexpandingsouth----nograss

2.Growingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Butifthereisn'

tenoughrainthecropsdon'

tgrow. 

3.Peopletrytogrowfoodtosupportthemselvesortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaised,ortogethardwoodforexport,ortomakewayforanironoremine

SaharaDesert

NorthAmerica&

mostofEurope

3:

topsoilblowingaway

4:

tropicalforestsdestruction

5:

animal/plantspeciesbecomingextinct

6:

climatechangeforthewholeworld

PartIII 

TheEarthatrisk（II）

Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots.Whenforestsinthehigherup-riverhavebeendestroyed,alltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverandstartstheflooding.

Heimpliesthatsomenationalgovernmentsjustconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesinthenearfuture,orjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.

floodinginBangladesh

Actiontobetaken

populationcontrol

PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:

TheEffectsofGlobalWarming

Keys:

Warmingupoftheworld

Effectsofglobal

reducedpotentialforfoodproduction

changeofpatternsofhear-relatedfoodpoisoning,etc.

PartVDoyouknow…?

F2:

F3:

F4:

F5:

T

Dos1:

yourtowels2:

Cutout3:

awall-fire4:

fridge5:

waituntilyou'

veafullload

6:

acompletemeal

Don’ts7:

ironeverything8:

theironup9:

thekettle10:

tothebrim

11:

hotfood

Tapescript 

ofUnit1

B.

1.TheAmazonforestsaredisappearingbecauseofincreasedburningandtreeremoval.InSeptember,satellitepicturesshowedmorethan20000firesburningintheAmazon.Expertssaymostofthesefiresweresetbyfarmers.Thefarmerswereattemptingtoclearlandtogrowcrops.TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysanotherseriousproblemisthattoomanytreesintheAmazonrainforestarebeingcutdown.TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysthefiresshowtheneedforurgentinternationalactiontoprotecttheworld'

srainforests.Thegroupwarnsthatwithoutsuchactionsomeforestscouldbelostforever.

2.EnvironmentalissuesswelltothefullinBerlinthisweek,fortheUNspongsoredconferenceonglobalwarmingandclimatechangeisthefirstsuchmeetingsincetheRiosummitthreeyearsago.WithscientistsandgovernmentsnowgenerallyreadytoacceptthattheearthclimateisbeingaffectedbyemissionsofCO2andothergreenhousegases,overahundredcountriesaresendingdelegations.ButhowmuchprogresshasbeenmadeimplementingthegreenhousegasreductiontargetagreedonatRio?

Simon

destroyingforestsisnotonlythattheclimateofthatregionchanges（becausethereislessrainfall）butthischangeaffectsthewholeworld.Imean,overhalftheworld'

srainforesthasbeencutdownthiscentury.

PartIIITheEarthatrisk（II）

I:

So,Brian,wouldyouagreethatwhatwegenerallythinkofasnaturaldisastersareinfactman-made?

B:

Yes,byandlarge.Imean,obviouslynothurricanesorearthquakes,buttakeflooding,forexample.Practicallyeveryyear,thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse.Youknow,thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia,Imeanhigherup-riverintheHimalayas.Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots,butifthey'

vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowssraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry.ThereasonforfloodinginSudanisthesame—theforestshigheruptheBlueNileinEthiopiahavebeendestroyedtoo.

Well,thisallsoundsterriblydepressing.Um...Whatistobedone?

Imean,cananythingbedone,infact?

Yes,ofcourseitcan.First,thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward-lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears,notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.Somehow,allthecountriesintheworldhavetoworktogetheronaninternationalbasis.Secondly,thepopulationhastobecontrolledinsomeway:

therearetoomanypeopletryingtoliveofftoolittleland.Thirdly,wedon'

tneedtropicalhardwoodtomakeourfurniture—it'

saluxurypeopleintheWestmustdowithout.Softwoodsarejustasgood,lessexpensiveandcanbeproducedonenvironment-friendly"

treefarms"

wheretreesarereplacedatthesameratethattheyarecutdown.

And,presumably,educationisimportantaswell.Peoplemustbeeducatedtorealizetheconsequencesoftheiractions?

Yes,ofcourse.

Well,thankyou,Brian

B.

So,Brian,wouldyouagreethatwhatwegenerallythinkofas...er...aser...naturaldisastersareinfactman-made?

Yes,byandlarge...er...Imean,obviouslynothurricanesorearthquakes,buttakeflooding,forexample.Imean,practicallyeveryyear,thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse.Youknow,thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia...Imean...higherup-riverintheHimalayas.Trees...er...wouldholdrainfallintheirroots,butifthey'

vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry.ThereasonforfloodinginSudanisthesame—theforestshigheruptheBlueNileinEthiopiahavebeendestroyedtoo.

Well,thisallsoundsterriblydepressing.Um...whatistobedone?

Yes,ofcourseitcan...er...first,thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward-lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears,notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.Somehow,allthecountriesintheworldhavetoworktogetheronaninternationalbasis.Secondly,thepopulationhastobecontrolledinsomeway:

And,presumably,educationisimportantaswell.Peoplemustbeeducatedtorealizetheconsequences...um...oftheiractions?

Yes,yesofcourse.

Well,thankyou,Brian.

Theworldiswarmingup.Weknowthisbecauseaveragetemperaturesarethehighestsincescientistsstartedmeasuringthem600yearsago.Theincreaseisabout0.2℃everyyear.Thismayseemveryslight,butweknowthatslightchangesintemperaturecanhaveabigeffectonotherthings.Mostscientistsnowbelievethisglobalwarmingisduetohumanactivity.

JeffJenkinsisheadofBritain'

sClimatePredictionCenter.Heexplainshowglobalwarmingcanhappen.

"

Sunlightstrikestheearthandwarmsitup.Atthesametimeheatleavestheearth,butpartofthatistrappedbycarbondioxideandothergasesintheearth'

satmosphere.Thathasbeenhappeningeversincetheearthwasformed.Butthefearisthatincreasingamountsofcarbondioxideproducedbyindustrialprocessesandtransportandsoonwillleadtoagreaterwarmingoftheearth'

ssurface.Sothat'

sthegolbalwarmingthatpeopleareconcernedabout."

Peoplearemostconcernedabouttheuseoffossilfuels.Fossilfuelsareoil,coal,woodandsoon.Whentheseburn,theyproducethegascarbondioxide.Manyscientistsagreethatanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideandsomeofthegasesintheatmospherewillincreasetheamountofwarming.Computersarebeingusedtopredictwhatthismaymean.Theyshowedthattherecouldbegreatchangesinrainfallandtheriseinthesealevelasicecapsinthenorthandsouthpolesmelt.ThiscouldhaveaseriouseffectonagricultureaccordingtoProf.MartinPerryofUniversityCollegeinLondon.Hesaysitcouldbecomemoredifficulttogrowfoodinthetropicsatlowerlatitudesnearertotheequator.

Themostclearpatternemergingisthepossibilityofreducedpotentialproductioninlowerlatituderegions,andmostgenerallyspeaking,increasedpotentialinhigherlatituderegions.Lowerlatituderegionsarealreadywarm,toputitextremelysimply,andplantstherearequiteneartheirlimitsofheatanddroughtstress.Anincreaseintemperatureorreductioninmoisturewouldplacelimitsoncropgrowth."

Woman:

Globalwarmingcouldreducefoodproductioninlowerlatituderegions.Lowerlatituderegionsarealreadywarm.Globalwarmingcouldputmorestressonplansandplacelimitsoncropgrowth.

Foodproductionisonlyoneareathatcouldbeaffected.Therecouldalsobehealthandsocialproblems.Prof.AntonyMacMichaeloftheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicinebelievesthatsomeruralareasarealreadysuffering.Andtheinsectsandbacteriacouldspreaddiseasemoreeasily.

Alreadyanumberofruralpopulationsaroundtheworldaresufferingfromthedeclineofagriculturalsystems.Climatechangewouldaddtothis.Andwewouldexpectthatitwouldacceleratethefloodofenvironmentalrefugeesaroundtheworld.Butitincludesnotjustthefoodproductionsystems,butthepatternsofdistributionofinsectsandinfectiveagentsaroundtheworld.Itincludeslikelyeffectsonpatternsofhear-r