人力资源管理人力资源管理专业词汇英文Word格式.docx
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activelisteningActivelisteningrequiresthelistenertostoptalking,toremovedistractions,tobepatient,andtoempathizewiththetalker.
adverseselectionAdverseselectionoccurswhenaninsurancecompanyhasadisproportionatelyhighpercentageofinsuredswhowillmakeclaimsinthefuture.Adverseselectionoftenresultswhenpeoplearegivenachancetobuyinsurancewithoutprescreening,whichoftenmeansthatahigherthannormalproportionhaveaconditionthatislikelytocausethemtobefrequentclaimants.
affirmativeactionprogramsAffirmativeactionprogramsaredetailedplansdevelopedbyemployerstoundotheresultsofpastemploymentdiscrimination,ortoensureequalopportunityinthefuture.
AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentActof1967(asamended)Thisactprohibitsdiscriminationonemploymentbecauseofageagainstthosewhoare40andolder.
AmericanFederationofLaborandCongressofIndustrialOrganization(AFL-CIO)TheAFL-CIOisafederationofmostnationalunions.Itexiststoprovideaunifiedfocalpointforthelabormovement,toassistnationalunions,andtoinfluencegovernmentpoliciesthataffectmembersandworkingpeople.
appliedresearchAppliedresearchisastudyofpracticalproblems,thesolutionsofwhichwillleadtoimprovedperformance.
arbitrationArbitrationisthesubmissionofadisputetoaneutralthirdparty.
assessmentcentersAssessmentcentersareastandardizedformofemployeeappraisalthatreliesonmultipletypesofevaluationandmultipleraters.
associatemembershipAssociatemembershipinalabororganizationallowspeoplewhoarenotemployedunderaunioncontracttoaffiliatewithaunionbypayingfeesandduesinreturnforunion-supportedbenefits.
attitudesurveysAttitudesurveysaresystematicmethodsofdeterminingwhatemployeesthinkabouttheirorganization.Thesurveysareusuallydonethroughquestionnaires.Attitudesurveyfeedbackresultswhentheinformationcollectedisreportedbacktotheparticipants.Thisprocessthenisusuallyfollowedbyactionplanningtoidentifyandresolvespecificareasofemployeeconcern.
attritionAttritionisthelossofemployeeswholeavetheorganization'
semployment.
auditreportTheauditreportisacomprehensivedescriptionofpersonnelactivities.Itincludesbothcommendationforeffectivepracticesandrecommendationsforimprovingpracticesthatareineffective.
auditteamAnauditteamconsistsofthosepeoplewhoareresponsibleforevaluatingtheperformanceofthepersonneldepartment.
authorizationcardsAuthorizationcardsareformsthatprospectiveunionmemberssign.Thecardsindicatetheirwishtohaveanelectiontodeterminewhetheralabororganizationwillrepresenttheworkersintheirdealingswithmanagement.
autonomousworkgroupsAutonomousworkgroupsareteamsofworkers,withoutaformalcompany-appointedleader,whodecideamongthemselvesmostdecisionstraditionallyhandledbysupervisors.
autonomyAutonomyishavingcontroloverone'
swork.
bargainingbookAbargainingbookisacompilationofthenegotiationteam'
splansforcollectivebargainingwithlaborormanagement.Increasingly,thebargainingbookisbeingreplacedbyinformationstoredinaccompanyorunioncomputer.
bargainingcommitteeTheunionbargainingcommitteeconsistsofunionofficialsandstewardswhonegotiatewithmanagement'
srepresentativestodeterminewages,hours,andworkingconditionstobeembodiedinthelaboragreement.
behaviorallyanchoredratingscales(BARS)BARSrateemployeesscalethathasspecificbehavioralexamplesonittoguidetherater.
BehavioralmodelingBehavioralmodelingreliesontheinitiationoremulationofadesiredbehavior.Arepetitionofbehaviormodelinghelpstodevelopappropriateresponsesinspecifiedsituations.
behaviormodificationBehaviormodificationstatesthatbehaviordependsonitsconsequences.
blindadsBlindadsarewantadsthatdonotidentifytheemployer.
bonafideoccupationalqualifications(BFOQ)ABFOQoccurswhenanemployerhasajustifiedbusinessreasonfordiscriminatingagainstamemberofaprotectedclass.TheburdenofprovingaBFOQgenerallyfallsontheemployer.
bottom-linetestThebottom-linetestisappliedbytheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissiontodetermineifafirm'
soverallselectionprocessishavinganadverseimpactonprotectedgroups.Eventhoughindividualstepsintheselectionprocessmightexhibitanadverseimpactonaprotectedgroup,thefirmwillbeconsideredincomplianceiftheoverallprocessdoesnothaveanadverseeffect.
BoulwarismBoulwarismisanegotiationstrategydevelopedbyGeneralElectric.Usingthisapproachthecompanymadeits"
best"
offertotheunionatthebeginningofnegotiations.Thenitremainedfirmunlesstheunioncouldfindwheremanagementhaderredinthecalculationsusedtoarriveattheoffer.ThisstrategyhasbeenruledasanunfairlaborpracticebytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardandbythefederalcourts.
brainstormingBrainstormingisaprocessbywhichparticipantsprovidetheirideasonastatedproblemduringafreewheelinggroupsession.
buddysystemThe"
buddysystem"
oforientationexistswhenanexperiencedemployeeisaskedtoshowanewworkeraroundthejobsite,conductintroduction,andanswerthenewcomer'
squestions.
burnoutBurnoutisaconditionofmental,emotional,andsometimesphysicalexhaustionthatresultsfromsubstantialprolongedstress.
businessagentAbusinessagentisafull-timeemployeeofalocal(usuallycraft)union.Thebusinessagenthelpsemployeesresolvetheirproblemswithmanagement.
businessunionismBusinessunionismdescribesunionsthatseektoimprovethewages,hours,andworkingconditionsoftheirmembersinabusinesslikemanner.(Seesocialunionism.)
buy-backBuy-backsoccurwhenanemployeewhoattemptstoresignisconvincedtostayintheemploymentoftheorganization.Normallythepersonis"
boughtback"
withanofferofincreasedwagesorsalary.
CafeteriabenefitprogramsCafeteriabenefitprogramsallowemployeestoselectthefringebenefitsandservicesthatanswertheirindividualneeds.
careerAcareerisallthejobsthatareheldduringone'
sworkinglife.
careercounselingCareercounselingassistsemployeesinfindingappropriatecareergoalsandpaths.careerdevelopmentCareerdevelopmentconsistsofthoseexperiencesandpersonalimprovementsthatoneundertakestoachieveacareerplan.
careergoalsCareergoalsarethefuturepositionsthatonestrivestoreach.Thesegoalsserveasbenchmarksalongone'
scareerpath.
careerpathAcareerpathisthesequentialpatternofjobsthatformone'
scareer.
careerplanningCareerplanningistheprocessbywhichoneselectscareergoalsandpathstothosegoals.
careerplateauAcareerplateauoccurswhenanemployeeisinapositionthatheorshedoeswellenoughnottobedemotedorfiredbutnotwellenoughtobepromoted.
changeagentsChangeagentsarepeoplewhohavetheroleofstimulatingchangewithinagroup.
checkoffAcheckoffprovisioninaunion-managementlaboragreementrequirestheemployertodeductunionduesfromemployeepaychecksandtoremitthosemoneystotheunion.
CivilRightsActof1964Thisactwaspassedtomakevariousformsofdiscriminationillegal.
closedshopAclosedshopisaworkplacewhereallemployeesarerequiredtobemembersoftheunionbeforetheyarehired.ThesearrangementsareillegalundertheNationalLaborRelationsAct.
codeterminationCodeterminationisaformofindustrialdemocracyfirstpopularizedinWestGermany.Itgivesworkerstherighttohaverepresentativesvoteonmanagementdecisions.
coinsuranceclauseAcoinsuranceclauseisaprovisioninaninsurancepolicythatrequirestheemployeetopayapercentageoftheinsured'
sexpenses
communicationCommunicationisthetransferofinformationandunderstandingfromonepersontoanother.
comparableworthComparableworthistheideathatajobshouldbeevaluatedastoitsvaluetotheorganizationandthenpaidaccordingly.Thusjobsofcomparableworthwouldbepaidequally.Forexample,twopeoplewithwidelydifferentjobswouldbothreceivethesamepayifthetwojobswereofequalvaluetotheemployer.
comparativeevaluationapproachesComparativeevaluationapproachesareacollectionofdifferentmethodsthatcompareoneperson'
sperformancewiththatofco-workers.
compensationCompensationiswhatemployeesreceiveinexchangefortheirwork.
ComprehensiveEmploymentandTrainingActof1973(CETA)CETAwasabroad-rangingactdesignedtoprovidejobtraining,employment,andjobhuntingassistancetolessadvantagedpersons.IthassincebeenreplacedbytheJobPartnershipTrainingAct.
concentrationinemploymentConcentrationexistswhenanemployer(orsomesubdivisionsuchasadepartment)hasahigherproportionofemployeesfromaprotectedclassthanisfoundintheemployer'
slabormarket.(Seeunderutilization.)
concessionarybargainingConcessionarybarg