研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册修订版Word格式文档下载.docx
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Whatistheplaceaccordingtotheauthor?
Accordingtotheauthor,thereisaplace—cyberspace,whereyoucangoandbeyourself.
3.Whatmetaphordoestheauthorusetodescribecyberspace?
Whydoessheusesuchametaphor?
Realestate,becausebothrealestateandcyberspaceconsistofdifferentpartsandeachpartissuitableforaparticulargroupofpeople.
4.Doestheauthorapproveofregulatingcyberspace?
Whyorwhynot?
Yes,butfirst,itisfundamentaltounderstandthenatureofcyberspace.
5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisneededincyberspacebesidesgovernmentcontrol?
Self-rule.
6.Whataresomeofthemainareasofcyberspacethattheauthordefines?
Whatotherareasdoyouknowthathaverecentlyemergedincyberspace(e.g.e-business)?
E-mailconversations,informationandentertainmentservices,andcyberspacecommunities.
7.Howdocyberspacecommunitiesevolve?
Giveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.
Peopleofsimilarinterestsandtastesformacommunity.Forexample,communitiesonCompuServetendtobeprofessional;
thoseonAmericaOnlineareaffluentyoungsingles,andsoon.
8.Whatisuniqueaboutcyberspacerules?
Whatauthoritydotheyhavethatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdon’thave?
Itallowscommunitiesofanysizeandkindtoflourish.Cyberspaceruleshavemoralauthoritythatterrestrialgovernmentsdon’thave.
9.Inwhatspiritarenewcommunitiesformed?
Communitiescatertotheirownmembers’inclination..
10.Whatkindofgovernmentdoexplorersincyberspaceneed?
Theirownlocalgovernmentbesidesterrestrialgovernmentdoesexplorers.
11.Whatshouldbedonetodealwithquestionableitemsincyberspace?
Arepeoplealreadydoingthat?
Weshouldbebanningthemandusinglabelsandautomaticfilterstogetridofthem.Yes.
12.Iscyberspaceaperfectplace?
Ifnot,whyarepeoplesoexcitedaboutit?
No,itisnot.Peopleareexcitedaboutitbecauseitoffersalotofinformationandfreedom.
B.Globalunderstandingandappreciationofthetext.
1.Analogy(比喻,类推)isafigureofspeech(修辞手段)whichdrawsaparallelbetweentwodifferenttypesofthings,anduseson(usuallyfamiliartothereader)toexplainreader’sunderstandingofthewriter’spoint.
Canyoudrawaparallelbetweenrealestateandcyberspace?
Whatpointdoestheanalogysupport?
Theanalogybetweenrealestateandcyberspace
Realestate
Cyberspace
Shoppingmall
Commonland
Red-lightzone
Private
schooldistrict
Rentedout
drugstore
Placestobeavoided
Parkland,Church
Placesforchildren
2.Bydividingcyberspaceintothreepartsandusingsimiles(明喻),theauthordefinesthenatureofcyberspaceandillustratesfurtherherpointthatgovernmentregulationisnotneededincyberspace.Completethefollowingformtoshowthatyouunderstandtheauthor’spoint.Pleaseberemindedthattheunderlyingstructureofasimileis“AislikeB”.
Parts
Similies
Characteristics
e-mailconversations
Telephoneconversations
Theyareprivate,consensualandrequirenoregulation.
Informationandentertainmentservices
Bookstores,malls,moviehouses
Itemsarenotgivenifnotrequested.
Cyberspacecommunities
Bars,restaurants,bathhouses
Rulesarebeingimposedtokeepoutunwantedads,discussionsandparticipants.
3.Inwhatwaydotherulesofaterrestrialgovernmentandthoseofacyberspacecommunitydiffer?
Refertopara.11toanswerthequestion.
Terrestrialgovernment
Cyberspacecommunity
Peoplecannotchoosetheirowncommunity;
theyareforcedtobeamemberofacertaincommunityjustbecausetheyhappentobebornorliveinaplace.Rulesofaterrestrialgovernmentdonothavemoralauthority.
Anyminoritygroupsareallowedtoexistandflourish.Peoplechoosetheirowncommunitiesandfollowcommunityrules.Iftheydonotliketherules,theycanleavefreely.Sotherulesofcyberspacecommunitieshavemoralauthority.
4.Whatisthelanguagestyleofthearticle?
Isitformalandliteraryorinformalandconversational?
Citeexamplesfromthetexttosupportyouranswer.
Thisarticleiswritteninaninformalandconversationalstyle.Forexample,theauthorusessomeslangywords,incompletesentences,contractions,andaddressesthereaderas“you”.
II.Vocabulary
A.Findawordorphrasefromtheparagraphindicatedinthebracketthatmeansthesameas:
1.inthepast—→formerly
2.include—→embrace
3.man-made—→artificial
4.controlsystematically—→regulate
5.exactly—→precisely
6.undesired—→unwanted
7.irrelevant—→extraneous
8.havingintensefeeling—→passionate
9.aimtoward—→betargetedto
10.notfaraway—→athand
11.bechargedfor—→besuedfor
B.Choosethebestwordtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences,
1.thisbook____a___alltheinformationyouneed.
a.containsb.embracesc.offersd.involves
2.Thegovernment_____c____thenumberofforeigncarsthatcouldbeimported.
a.refrainsb.restrainsc.restrictsd.prevents
3.Asateacheryoushouldnotshow_____b___towardsanyofyourstudents.
a.pleasureb.favorc.preferenced.inclination
4.Trafficis_____d___bypoliceateveryintersection.
a.enforcedb.imposedc.limitedd.regulated
5.Howmuchdoyou____b___forthispairofshoes?
a.billb.chargec.costd.afford
6.Wecan______b____nowandreturntoworkinthemorning.
a.leaveoutb.leaveoffc.signawayd.signoff
7.Thatmattercanbeleft___b___untilournextmeeting.
a.onb.overc.aloned.about
8.Ilearnedthathewas_____a____sickleavefromagovernmentoffice.
a.onb.inc.takend.spending
9.ItwasoneofthemostbeautifulsightsthatIhadeverseteyes____c_____.
a.tob.inc.ond.down
10.Eachweekhetriedtoset_____d____afewdollarsofhissalary.
a.forthb.aboutc.apartd.aside
III.Cloze
Chooseaproperwordfromthelisttofillineachblankinthefollowingpassage.Changetheformofthewordifnecessary:
Accessplacethataswinleadstillvirtualevenresponseannuallytoconcernacrossexactlysimplybybetweentheybecause
BorntoSurf
ThewebFromtheWindowcontainspoetryandliteraturefromwell-knownwritersacrosstheglobal.Therearethoughtfularticlesanalyzingthestateoftheworldwelivein.Thereis
(1)evenapiecefromtheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedStates,KofiAnnan.Itmaycome
(2)assomesurprisetofindout(3)thattheeditorofthemagazineisa12-year-oldgirl,JoyNightingale.
FromtheWindow(4)wonJoyNightingalethefirstprizeinthe1999childnetInter-nationalandCableandWirelessawards.Thesearegiven(5)annuallyforthebestuseoftheInternet(6)byandforyoungpeople.And(7)theyhighlightoneofthemostwelcomingaspectsofthe(8)virtualworld.ChildrenhavetakentotheInternetasthoughtheyarebornsurfing.
Perhapsthisis(9)becauseadultshavehadtochangetheirunderstandingoftechnologywhilechildren(10)simplyacceptitasnatural.Whateverthereason,childrencanbefoundbuildingwebsitesandE-mailingfriends(11)acrosstheworldwhileadultsare(12)stillasking:
“Tellmeagain—where(13)exactlyiscyberspace?
”
Ofcoursethereisgrowing(14)concernaboutthefactthatchildrencantravelfarawayfromparentalsupervisionincyberspace.In(15)response,manyparentshaveinstalledsoft-warepackageswhichprevent(16)accesstoviolentorpornographicwebsites.Childnetistakingamorepositiveline.Thewebsiteisagateway(17)toaworldofeducationandentertainment.
TherapidgrowthinInternetculturehas(18)ledanalyststospeculatethatsocietywillsoonbedivided(19)betweenthe“informationrich”and“informationpoor”.ForChildnetitisespeciallyimportantthatchildrenatthemarginsofsocietythroughpovertyordisabilityhavethechancetotaketheir(20)palceasequalcitizensinthevirtualworld.
IV.Translation
TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:
Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.Incyberspace,we’llbeabletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned—intellectualproperty,contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein:
otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswhoqualifyononebasisoranother.Thosecommunitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper(andperhapsgrowandsplitintosubsetswithever-more-particularinterestsandidentities).Thosethatcan’tsurvive-eitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoff-willsimplywitheraway.
一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。
在信息空间,我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。
有些群体允许任何人加入,而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。
能够自持的群体会兴旺发展(或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊,而发展成为几个分支)。
有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣,或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来,它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。
TextB
KeytoComprehensionandAppreciation
1.Theauthorarguesthatgenetransfershouldonlybeusedforthetreatmentofseriousdisease,andnotforanyotherpurpose.Genetransfershouldneverbeundertakeninanattempttoenhanceor“improve”humanbeings.
2.Manygeneticdiseases,sometypesofcancer,viraldiseasessuchasAIDS,andsomeformsofcardiovasculardiseasecanbetreatedbygenetherapy.Inaddition,itmaybetechnicallypossibletoinsertageneintothereproductivecellsofapatient.
3.Itmeanssupplyingaspecificcharacteristicthatindividualsmig