大一无机化学课本答案docWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Itis.
supposethatamixtureofILH20and560LNH3issolubleinwater..
Itsmassis1,000gramsofwater,sothevolumeofthisammoniasolutionis,
9.Solution:
Inthiscase,thesimplestformis:
（2）,
So,・
Thisisthemolecularformula
11.Answer:
becauseCaC12andNaClelectrolyte,CH3C00Hforweakelectrolytes,C6H1206astheelectrolyte,thesolutionoftheconcentrationofthesolute（particle）sizeintheorder:
CaC12>
NaCl>
CH3COOH>
C6H1206,sohighandlowordertofreezingpointC6H12O6>
CaC12.
Answer:
so,
Let'
ssayItakethissolution,1,000grams,andIhaveone
14.
Inthesumoftheformula,
No,becauseit'
stoosmalltobeaccurate
A:
becauseoftheAg+overdose,thepreparationoftheAglaerosoltapeispositive,soitistheanionthatmakesuptheglue.SotheabilitytogettogetheristheorderofmagnitudeK3[Fe（CN）.
B:
becauseoftheI-excess,thepreparedAglsoltapeisnegativelycharged.Therefore,itisthecationthatmakesthecoagulationoftheglue.SotheabilitytogettogetherisintheorderofA1C13>
MgS04.
Chapteriiproblemsolving
2.Answer:
（1）,sothereis.
（2）theinitialpressureis,
Thevolumeoftheintermediatestateiszero
（3）answer:
because,therefore,
（constantpressureis）
becausethereactionisavailable
⑷
（1）-215-296.8+（-1）（-100）二-411.8
Material-412.
-219-296.8+（-1）（-100）二-416.8
Material-417.
（2）（3）（4）...Soyoucanlookitupinthesameway
thereactionequationis:
8.Answer:
1,2,3,5,4,6
（becauseofthereducedgascomponent）
（becauseoftheincreaseinthegascomponent）
（becausethegascomponentincreases）
（becauseofthereducedgascomponent）
（1）becausethemeltingisanisothermalconstantpressurereversibleprocess,sothereis,
（2）becausegasificationisareversibleprocesssuchasisothermalpressure,sothereis
becausemeltingandboilingarebothisothermalandisostaticequilibriumprocesses,sothereare
becauseboilingisanisothermalconstantpressurereversibleprocess,sothereis,
Theequilibriumstateoffreedomisequaltozero
Itispossibletomakeamistakebymistake,mistake,mistake,mistake.
thehightemperaturespontaneously.
Thelowertemperatureisspontaneous.
Atanytemperature,it'
sspontaneous.
18.Answer:
So,thereactionisnevergoingtohappenspontaneously.
reaction
20.Answer:
Soit'
shigherthan1112
21.Answer:
so,notspontaneousat25°
Creaction.
（2）,so,in360°
Ccanoccurspontaneously.
3.
Chapteriiiproblemsolving
（2）
（3）
AfG-394.4-16.5-228.6-228.6
ArG=1x（394.4）+
（2）x（16.5）,（228.6）and（197.15）
=1.65KJ,mol,1
ArG=-RTln
3,
Equilibriumtimenovermoles0.0210.0040.004
0.025*0.16二0.16
4HBr（g）+02（g）=2H20（g）+2Br2（g）
（1）therateequationforthereactioniszero
Fromtheexperimentaldataanalysis:
Sotherateequationforthisreactioniszero
（1）therateequationfortheexperimentaldatais:
（3）
Becausethereactionisslow（vissmall）andthetimeisshort,itcanbeassumedthatthereactionisapproximatelyconstantwithintheinterval,so12isproduced
7.Accordingto
Inthecaseofmilk,therateatwhichtheacidreactsisdirectlyproportionaltotherateconstantofdifferenttemperatures,namely
Reaction2so2（g）+02（g）=2S03（g）heateffect
Accordingtothe
Thereare
Thewatchcancalculatethereaction
So,balancemovestotheleft.
Or:
18.
（1）decrease;
（2）;
（3）increase;
（4）:
（5）:
（6）:
（7）;
（8）;
（9）;
（10）;
（12）remainsthesame.
（1）PC15（g）二PC13（g）+C12（g）
Theinitialmolenumberis2,0,0
Balancethenumberofmoles0.5,1.5,1.5
Theconcentrationofeachcomponentinequilibriumis:
（2）whensettobalance,thedecompositionPC15isxmoles.
PC15（g）二PC13（g）+C12（g）
Theinitialnumberofmolesis2,0,1.0
Balancethenumberofmoles2.0minusx,x,x,andx
22.
TheinitialMohris0.20.20
TheinitialMohris0.2minusx0.2minusx2x
12pyrolysisratefor
25.Solution:
Chapter5.Problemsets
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
A.7
"
Eight
A.13.
Thechangeinthenumberof1,1,2,1,3,4,1,3,4,1,3,4,1,3,4,1,3,4
（1）batteryreaction:
（2）batteryreaction:
AgCl（S）+e=+Cl-
（3）electroderesponse:
（4）negativepoles:
Thepositive:
Electromotiveforce:
Originalbatteryreaction:
8.1negative:
Electromotiveforce
Cellresponse:
2negative:
Batteryreaction:
Ce4+Fe2+++Ce3+
Negative3:
2H++2e二H2
Thepositivepole:
Cr2072-++6e=2Cr3++7H20
ElectromotiveforceV
Thebatteryreactionis:
Cr2072-++++3112
Question15:
（2）positivepole:
negativepole:
（3）batteryreaction:
（5）inasolution,itdecreases,causingtheelectromotiveforcetorise.Ifyouaddammoniatothesolution,it'
sgoingtogodown,
It'
scausingtheelectricforcetogodown.
Problem22:
positiveandnegative
Sothereare
Becauseitcanbethoughtofastheanodeandcompositionofthebattery:
Chapter6answerstheatomicstructure
2.
（1）
Bycalculation,thevolatilityofthemacroobjectissosmallthatitcanbeignored.
6.
（1）reasonable
（2）unreasonable.BecauseLcan，tbeequalton,L<
nand>
二ointeger.
（3）.
⑷.
（5）unreasonable.BecauseL=0
（6）it'
snotreasonablebecauseLcan，tbegreaterthann
Thesevenelectronsoftheatomarearrangedinones22s22pxl2pyxl2pyxl2pzl
Therefore,itsquantumcombinationis1S2（1,0,0,1/2）（1,0,0,-1/2）.
2S2（2,0,0,1/2）（2,0,0,-1/2）
2P3（2,0,1/2）（2,1,1,1/2）（2,1,1,1/2）（1,1,1,1/2）（1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
Or2,1,0,minus1/2,2,1,minus1/2,2,1,minus1,minus1/2.
9.Na:
1s22s22p63sl
TheISelectronvalidnuclearcharge=11-=11-0.301=10.70
2Selectrons=11-=11-=11-20.85-70.35二6.85（2S2Pisthesamegroup）
33Selectrons二11-二11-二11-80.85-21二2.2（2S2Pisthesamegroup）
Formulti-electronatoms,whenthemainquantumnumbern=4,therearefourenergylevels,namely4S,4P,4Dand4f.Theycorrespondtothenumberoforbitals,1,3,5,7.Themaximumnumberofelectronsyoucanholdis2n2二242-32-2（1+3+5+7）
Forhydrogen,theE4s,>
E3dbecauseit'
sasingleelectronsystem,energylevelsareonlyrelatedtothenumberofquantumNumbers.
InthecaseofK,becauseofthedrillingeffectandshieldingeffect,thereisanenergylevelcrossing,itsE3d>
E4s
2S[Ar]3d54S2
[Xe]4fl45dlO6Sl,4f145dl06S26P6
13.
（1）errorsBecauseoftheAngleoftheatomicorbitalpartofthegraphicalrepresentationistheelectrondistributionoutsidethenucleusdifferentspatialorientationofrisk,notrepresenttheactualmovementoftheelectrons.
（2）theerrorintheNshell（principlequantumnumber二4）thereare4s,4p,4d,4f,atotaloffourenergylevel,thecorresponding1hc-positieatomicorbitalisatotalof16,oftheprincipalquantumnumberN=1,onlyIls,canaccommodatetwooppositespinelectronics.
（3）correctbecausethehydrogenatomisasingleelectronicsystem,thereisnointerleavingphenomenon.
（4）errorbecausehydrogenisasingleelectronicsystemwithouttheshieldingofelectrons.
Cu2+[Ar]3dl+[Ar]3d5
Pb2+[Xe]4fl45dlO6S2-[Ne]3S23P6
（1）24
（2）[Ar]3d54sl（3）3d54sl
（4）thefourthperiod;
VI.B;
Cr03
Whenn>
4,it'
stheEns<
E（n-1）d
Sowhenyoucompletethensandnporbitals,therestoftheelectronsaregoingtohavetofillintheE（n+1）sorbital.
Soyoucan，tfilltheouterlayerwithdelectrons,soyoucanonlyhaveuptoeightelectronsintheouterlayeroftheatomicorbital.Similarly,duetotheEns<
Ef（n-2）,whiletheelectronstofillafterthe（n-1）dorbitals,willgiveprioritytofillintheE（n+1）snotenterE（n+1）forbit,sothetimecouldnotfillfelectronsintheouter,therefore,theatomicorbitalcanmorethan18timesontheouterelectrons.
（1）ABCisAmetal
Itispossibletoinfertheirvalencestructurefromthesetupconditions:
4S1,Z=19potassium;
B:
4S2.Z=20
C:
3dl04s2,Z=30zinc;
D:
4S24P5,Z=35bromo
（2）DA+,Br-andK+
（3）AOHisthestrongest
（4）BD2istheioniccompoundofCaBr2
21.
Theeighthcycleelementisthemostavailablenumberofelectronsintheeighthlevelgroup,whichis
8S25gl86f147dl08p6,50electrons,sothereare50elementsintheeighthcycle.
Theelectronicstructureoftheelementis[118]8S25gl（theatomicnumberoftheseventhcycleofararegas）,sotheatomicnumberoftheelementis121.（note:
E5g>
E8scannotbedeterminedbyn+0.7L）
Theatomicelectronlayerofelement100is[Rn]7S25f146dl07p2
Sothiselementisthefourthperiodoftheseventhcycle
Sc>
Ca：
TheSr<
Ba;
K>
Ag
Fe2+>
Fe3+;
Pb>
Pb2+;
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