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Me.
被动
I
waspraised
byhim.
※由上例句得知,及物动词才有被动语态。
但有些"
不及物动词+介系词"
可被视为及物动词片语,所以仍可形成被动语态。
1.Ilistentomusic.(我听音乐。
2.SomethinghappenedtoMark.(马克出事了。
3.Hetakescareofthenewcomertotheclub.(他照顾社团里的新人。
→Thenewcomertotheclubistakencareofbyhim.
时态的被动语态形式
(1)现在式的被动语态→am/are/is+过去分词
Bettykeepsfivenewborncatsathome.(贝蒂家里养着5只刚生下的猫咪。
→FivenewborncatsarekeptbyBettyathome.
(2)过去式的被动语态→was/were+过去分词
l.Theysoldmanykindsofchildseatsattheshop.(他们店里卖许多种类的儿童座椅。
→Manykindsofchildseatsweresold(bythem)attheshop.
2.Thepoliceranafterthethiefinthestreet.(警方人员在大街上追捕小偷)
→Thethiefwasrunafterbythepoliceinthestreet.
(3)现在进行式的被动语态→am/are/is+being+过去分词
Workersarebuildingthenewshoppingcenter.(工人们正在盖新的购物中心)
→Thenewshoppingcenterisbeingbuiltbyworkers.
(4)过去进行式的被动语态→was/were+being+过去分词
Mr.Smithwasprintingtheexampapers.(史密斯先生正在印考卷)
→TheexampaperswerebeingprintedbyMr.Smith.
(5)未来式的被动语态→
1.TheywillholdtheschoolsportsinOctober.(十月份将举办学校运动会。
→Theschoolsportswillbeheld(bythem)inOctober.
2.Ourclassaregoingtodiscusstheproblem.(我们班上的同学将讨论这个问题。
→Theproblemisgoingtobediscussedbyourclass.
※其它助动词,如:
can,must,should…等的被动语态形成方法,和未来式的被动一样。
Everyoneofusshouldfollowschoolrules.(我们每一个人应该遵守校规。
→Schoolrulesshouldbefollowedbyeveryoneofus.
(6)现在完成式的被动语态→have/has+been+过去分词
Theteacherhasalreadypunishedthenaughtyboy.(老师已经处罚了那个顽皮的男孩。
→Thenaughtyboyhasalreadybeenpunishedbytheteacher.
各句型的被动语态形式
(1)Yes/No问句→即be动词或助动词为首的问句
l.DidJudymessupmyroom?
(我的房间被茱蒂弄乱的吗?
→WasmyroommessedupbyJudy?
2.MustItakethecoldmedicinethreetimesaday?
(我必须一天吃三次这感冒药吗?
→Mustthecoldmedicinebetakenthreetimesaday(byme)?
(2)WH问句→即疑问词为首的问句
1.Whatdidhecatch?
(他抓到什么?
)=Whatwascaughtbyhim?
→Thelionwas.(是狮子。
2.Whendidtheboybreakthewindow?
(这男孩是什么时候打破窗户?
)=Whenwasthewindowbrokenbytheboy?
→Itwasbrokenyesterdayafternoon.
3.WhatlanguageisspokeninSpain?
(西班牙说何种语言?
→Spanishis.
(3)“Who+动词”的问句→Bywhom+be动词+主词+过去分词……?
Whoboughtthesweater?
(谁买了这件毛衣?
)→Bywhomwasthesweaterbought?
(4)否定句→
1.Theydon'
tcollectrecyclablepapereveryday.(他们并非每天回收纸类。
→Recyclablepaperisn'
tbecollected(bythem)everyday.
2.Wecan'
tseeafullmoontonight.(今晚我们无法看到满月。
→Afullmooncan'
tbeseen(byus)tonight.
特别注意的被动语态
(1)by+行为者之省略→by之后的行为者,若泛指一般人或未指明某人或含糊不清的某人时,则省略。
1.RiceisgrowninTaiwan.(台湾种稻。
2.Myunclewaskilledinthewar.(我叔叔死于战争。
3.Thenovelwastranslatedintomanylanguages.(这小说被翻译成许多语言。
(2)不使用by的被动语态
l.Mr.Jacksonisknowntopeopleinthistown.(杰克森先生为此镇上的人所知。
※Taipeiisknownforitsgoodfoods.(台北以美食闻名。
Sheisknownasasuccessfulsinger.(她以身为成功的歌手闻名。
2.Thosemountainsarecoveredwithsnow.(那些山为白雪所覆盖。
3.Theywerecaughtinashowerduringthebarbecue.(他们在烤肉时被一阵雨给淋湿了。
4.Shoesaremadeofleather.(皮鞋由皮革制成。
5.Breadismadefromflour.(面包由面粉制成。
※表"
感情;
情绪"
的被动语态也不用by
主词(人)+be动词+
+事物
(3)授与动词的被动语态
l.Theembassygavemeanewpassport.(大使馆发给我一份新护照。
→Iwasgivenanewpassportbytheembassy.
→Anewpassportwasgiven(to)mebytheembassy.
2.Mr.Whitetoldusthehistorystory.(怀特先生跟我们说那个历史故事。
→WeweretoldthehistorystorybyMr.White.
→Thehistorystorywastold(to)usbyMr.White.
※有些授与动词,如:
make,cook,get,read,sell,sing,write,pass…等,不可用人做为被动语态的主词。
Momcookedusvegetablesoup.(妈妈为我们煮蔬菜汤。
→VegetablesoupwascookedforusbyMom.
→WewerecookedvegetablesoupbyMom.(×
(4)主词+动词+受词+补语的被动语态
※补语不能做为被动语态的主词。
l.Theypaintedtheboardblue.(他们将板子涂成蓝色。
→Theboardwaspaintedbluebythem.
2.WeelectedJackchairperson.(我们选杰克为主席。
→Jackwaselectedchairpersonbyus.
(5)祈使句的被动语态
※原形动词+受词
Openthedoor.(打开门。
→Letthedoorbeopened.
※Let+O(人)+原形动词+O(物)
Letmetellthetruth.(让我说实话吧。
→Letthetruthbetoldbyme.
(6)使役动词的被动语态
使役动词
make/have
O
V
P.P.
let
bep.p.
get
toV
1.Mybrothermademerunerrandsforhim.(我哥要我替他跑腿。
Mybrotherletmerunerrandsforhim.
Mybrothergotmetorunerrandsforhim.
2.Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.(我昨天剪短头发了。
3.Letitbedoneatonce.(立刻这么做吧。
4.Mr.Linmademedothework.(林先生叫我做这工作。
5.Mr.Linmadetheworkdonebyme.
6.IwasmadetodotheworkbyMr.Lin.
(7)感官动词的被动语态
感官动词
feel,see,watch,
lookat,notice,
listento,hear
V-ing
1.Isawhimbeat/beatingthelittleboy.(我看见他打这小男孩。
2.Isawthelittleboybeatenbyhim.(我看见小男孩被他打。
3.Hewasseentobeat/beatingthelittleboybyme.(他被我看见打这小孩。
被动语态
1.Theterroristsbomedthestation.(主动)
2.Thestationbomedbytheterrorists.(被动)
车站被恐怖分子炸毁了。
1.Wekeepadognamedlucky.luckyisanolddogandcan’tmovequickly,hewasalmostrun
overbyacaryesterday.
named是PPrunover碾过
2.Mysisterisn’tverygoodatdriving.Yesterdaysheinsistedondrivingmycarandshe
Almostranoveranolddog.
昨天她坚持要开我的车子。
被动语态---beV+过去分词PP
现在式+被动am/is/are+pp
过去式+被动was/were+pp
未来式+被动willbe+pp
现在进行时+被动am/are/isbeing+pp
过去进行时+被动was/werebeing+pp
未来进行时+被动willbebeing+pp
现在完成时+被动have/hasbeenpp
过去完成时+被动hadbeenpp
未来完成时+被动willhavebeenpp
主被动语态转换
PeopleallovertheworldwatchtheOlympics.
TheOlympicsiswatchedbypeopleallovertheworld.
Tomthrewthepaperplaneduringthebreak.
ThepaperplanewasthrownbyTomduringthebreak.
这个纸飞机被汤姆在课间扔来扔去。
〈第76卷〉
及物动词才有被动语态
被动语态beV+p.p.
beV管时态
p.p.管被动
Theydonotpermittalkingoncellphoneinthetrain.
火车上不允许讲手机。
Talkingoncellphoneisnotpermitted(bythem)inthetrain.
一.S+V+O的被动语态
注意1
By+受词可省的情形有三
1.动作者为一般人或泛指一类人时
在这个地区随处可看见野生猴子
Wildmonkeysareseenaroundthisarea.
2.动作者不清楚时
这个座位有人坐了
Thisseatistaken.
3.从前后文的关系可清楚动作者是谁时
报纸约在早上五点送达
Thenewspapersaredeliveredaround5:
00a.m.
Thisswimmerwillmakeanewrecord.
Anewrecordwillbemadebythisswimmer.
注意2
当一个动词加上一个介词有特定意义,可做被动语态
Thewindhadblownawaytheballoonsbeforethecome.
Theballoonshadbeenblownawaybythewindbeforetheycome.
红字部分是吹走是一个及物动词片语
Theteacheriscountingthenumberofstudents.
Thenumberofstudentsisbeingcountedbytheteacher.
一、S+V+O+O的被动语态一次只用一个受词来做变化。
物在前人在后要加介系词。
1.Theysentallthecustomersacardaboutthesale.
他们寄给所有顾客一张贩售物品的卡片。
>
Allthecustomersweresent(bythem)acardaboutthesale.
Theysentacardaboutthesaletoallthecustomers.
Acardaboutthesalewassent(bythem)(to)allthecustomers.
〈第77卷〉
2.Theembassygavemeanewpassport.
大使馆给了我一份新的护照。
Iwasgivenanewpassportbytheembassy.
Anewpassportwasgiven(to)mebytheembassy.
3.Myfatherboughtmeamotorcycle.
Iwasboughtamotorcyclebymyfather.
Amotorcyclewasboughtformebymyfather.
注意1:
动词buy,get,make,read,sing,write,build,cook,pass,choose等,其被动语态,多不用间接受词(人)当主语
注意2:
用to时,可以省略
二、S+V+O+C的被动语态
1.HisgrandfathernamedthebabyDoris.
ThebabywasnamedDorisbyhisgrandfather.
Theypaintedthewallblue.
Thewallwaspaintedbluebythem.
2.Johnpersuadedmetogotothedentist.
Iwaspersuadedtogothedentistbyjohn.
重点使役动词和感官动词的被动语态。
使役V+O+VR=====beV+使役PP+TOV
感官V+O+VR/VING====beV感官PP+TOV/VING
1.Theymadethestudentswaitinline.
Thestudentsweremadetowaitinline.
2.Heheardhisdogbark/barkingatacat.
Hisdogwasheardtobark/barkingatacat(byhim).
3.Isawamanjump/jumpingintotheriver.
Amanwasseentojump/jumpingintotheriverbyme.
三、疑问句的被动语态
1)YES/NO问句(beV或助动词为首的问句)
1.Doesyourwifecookyourmeals?
你太太帮你做三餐吗?
Areyourmealscookedbyyourwife?
2.Didyourfatherbakethispizza?
Wasthispizzabakedbyyourfather?
3.Willyoufinishtheworktomorrow?
Willtheworkbefinished(byyou)tomorrow?
2)WH问句
1.WhoproducedthisCD?
Who(m)wasthisCDproducedby?
BywhomwasthisCDproduced?
文章体
2.Whodothepolicesuspect?
Whoissuspectedbythepolice?
3.WhatdoyoucallthisinEnglish?
Whatisthiscalled(byyou)inEnglish?
4.Whatkindofprogramdoyoufavor?
Whatkindofprogramisfavoredbyyou?
〈第78卷〉
四、祈使句的被动语态
1)(Don’t/Never)+原形动词>
Let~
1.Openthedooroftheroom.
Letthedooroftheroombeopened.
注意let后使用be(原形)
2.Don’tforgetthislesson.
Don’tletthislessonbeforgotten.
Letthislessonnotbeforgotten.
2)Let+受词+原形动词
1.Letmydaughterspackthethings.
Letthethingbepackedbymydaughters.
重点:
使役动词
a.make/have+O+
Imadehimtodoit.
Imadeitdone.
我叫某人做这件事。
b.get+O+
Igothimtodoit.
Igotitdone.
c.let+O+
Ilethimdoit.
Iletitbedone.
五、say,believe,expect,know,think,consider等的被动语态
1.Theysaythatyawnsarecatching.打哈欠会传染
Itissaid(bythem)thatyawnsarecatching.据说~
Yawnsaresaidtobecatching.
Itissaid+that+S+V=SissaidtoV
2.Weexpectthattheplanewilllandontime.
Itisexpectedthattheplanewilllandontime.
Theplaneisexpectedtolandontime.
3.Theythinkthatheisthebestfootballplayeroftheyear.
Itisthoughtthatheisthebestfootballplayeroftheyear.
Heisthoughttobethebestfootballplayeroftheyear.
六、特别注意的被动语态
1)被动语态行为者前不加by
情绪动词
如interest使---感到兴趣
Englishinterestsme.
Englishisinterestingtome.红字