电子信息工程文献专业英语中英互译资料讲解Word文档格式.docx
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orshutofftoprovideenergysavingsduringstraightaheaddriving(which
ismostofthetimeinmostworldmarkets).
Directelectricsteeringusesanelectricmotorattachedtothesteering
rackviaagearmechanism(nopumporfluid).Avarietyofmotortypes
andgeardrivesispossible.Amicroprocessorcontrolssteeringdynamics
anddrivereffort.Inputsincludevehiclespeedandsteering,wheeltorque,
angularpositionandturningrate.
WorkingInDetail:
Asteeringsensorislocatedontheinputshaftwhereitentersthe
gearboxhousing.Thesteeringsensorisactuallytwosensorsinone:
a
orquesensorthatconvertssteeringtorqueinputanditsdirectioninto
voltagesignals,anda
otationsensorthatconvertstherotationspeed
anddirectionintovoltagesignals.Aninterfacecircuitthatsharesthe
samehousingconvertsthesignalsfromthetorquesensorandrotation
sensorintosignalsthecontrolelectronicscanprocess.Inputsfromthe
also
thatunitcontrolmicroprocessorabydigestedaresensorsteering
monitorsinputfromthevehicle'
sspeedsensor.Thesensorinputsarethen
comparedtodeterminehowmuchpowerassistisrequiredaccordingtoa
preprogrammed
orcemapinthecontrolunit'
smemory.Thecontrol
unitthensendsouttheappropriatecommandtothepowerunitwhich
thensuppliestheelectricmotorwithcurrent.Themotorpushestherack
totherightorleftdependingonwhichwaythevoltageflows(reversing
thecurrentreversesthedirectionthemotorspins).Increasingthecurrent
tothemotorincreasestheamountofpowerassist.
Thesystemhasthreeoperatingmodes:
ormalcontrolmodein
whichleftorrightpowerassistisprovidedinresponsetoinputfromthe
steeringtorqueandrotationsensor'
sinputs;
eturncontrolmode
whichisusedtoassiststeeringreturnaftercompletingaturn;
anda
dampercontrolmodethatchangeswithvehiclespeedtoimproveroad
feelanddampenkickback.
Ifthesteeringwheelisturnedandheldinthefull-lockpositionand
steeringassistreachesamaximum,thecontrolunitreducescurrenttothe
electricmotortopreventanoverloadsituationthatmightdamagethe
motor.Thecontrolunitisalsodesignedtoprotectthemotoragainst
voltagesurgesfromafaultyalternatororchargingproblem.
Theelectronicsteeringcontrolunitiscapableofself-diagnosing
faultsbymonitoringthesystem'
sinputsandoutputs,andthedriving
currentoftheelectricmotor.Ifaproblemoccurs,thecontrolunitturns
thesystemoffbyactuatingafail-saferelayinthepowerunit.This
eliminatesallpowerassist,causingthesystemtorevertbacktomanual
steering.AdashEPSwarninglightisalsoilluminatedtoalertthedriver.
Todiagnosetheproblem,atechnicianjumpstheterminalsontheservice
checkconnectorandreadsoutthetroublecodes.
Electricpowersteeringsystemspromiseweightreduction,fuel
savingsandpackageflexibility,atnocostpenalty.
Europe'
shighfuelpricesandsmallervehiclesmakeafertiletestbed
forelectricsteering,atechnologythatpromisesautomakersweight
savingsandfueleconomygains.Andinashorttime,electricsteeringwill
makeittotheU.S.,too.It'
sjustjustamatteroftime,saysAlyBadawy,
Steering
SaginawDelphifordevelopmentandresearchofdirector
SystemsinSaginaw,Mich.Theissuewascostandthat'
sbehindusnow.
By2002hereintheU.S.thecostofelectricpowersteeringwill
absolutelybeawashoverhydraulic.
Today,electricandhybrid-poweredvehicles(EV),includingToyota'
s
PriusandGM'
sEV-1,aretheperfectdomainforelectricsteering.Butby
2010,aTRWInc.internalstudyestimatesthatoneoutofeverythreecars
producedintheworldwillbeequippedwithsomeformof
electrically-assistedsteering.TheCleveland-basedsupplierclaimsits
newsteeringsystemscouldimprovefueleconomybyupto2mpg,while
enhancinghandling.Therearetruebottom-linebenefitsaswellfor
automakersbyreducingoverallcostsanddecreasingassemblytime,since
there'
snoneedforpumps,hosesandfluids.
Anotherclaimedadvantageisshorteneddevelopmenttime.For
instance,aDelphigroupdevelopedE-TUNE,aride-and-handling
softwarepackagethatcanberunoffalaptopcomputer.Theycantake
thatcomputerandplugitin,attachittothecontrollerandchangeallthe
handlingparameters--effortlevel,returnability,damping--onthefly,
Badawysays.Itusedtotakemonths.DelphihasoneOEMcustomer
thatshouldstartlow-volumeproductionin'
99.Electricsteeringunitsare
normallyplacedinoneofthreepositions:
column-drive,pinion-driveand
rack-drive.Whichsystemwillbecomethenormisstillunclear.Short
term,OEMswillchoosethesteeringsystemthatiseasiesttointegrate
intoanexistingplatform.Obviously,greaterpotentialcomesfrom
designingthesystemintoanall-newplatform.Wehaveallthreedesigns
underconsideration,saysDr.HermanStrecker,groupvicepresidentof
steeringsystemsdivisionatZFinSchwaebischGmuend,Germany.It'
uptothemarketandOEMswhichversionfinallywillbeusedand
manufactured.Thelargemanufacturershaveallgrabbedholdofwhat
theyconsideracoretechnology,explainsJamesHandysides,TRWvice
president,electricallyassistedsteeringinSterlingHeights,Mich.His
companyoffersaportfolioofelectricsteeringsystems(hybridelectric,
rack-,pinion-,andcolumn-drive).TRWoriginallyconcentratedonwhat
itstillbelievesisthepurestengineeringsolutionforelectricsteering--the
or
drivedirectastorefersometimesissystemThesystem.rack-drive
jointformingaTRWhedgeditsbet,ball/nutdrive.Still,thiswinter
in$50millionBritishsupplierreceivedventurewithLucasVarity.The
sets.andascolumn-drivesteeringtechnologyexchangeforitselectric
Initialproductionofthecolumnandpiniondriveelectricsteeringsystems
isexpectedtobegininBirmingham,England,in2000.
steeringhydraulicpowertoDelphi,traditionalIn1995,according
37-millionThatvehiclessoldglobally.systemswereon7596ofall
thatfluidgallonsinhydraulicvehiclepoolconsumesabout10million
couldbesuperfluous,ifelectricsteeringreallytakesoff.
Thepresentinventionrelatestoanelectricallypowereddrive
mechamsmforprovidingpoweredassistancetoavehiclesteering
mechanism.Accordingtooneaspectofthepresentinvention,thereis
providedanelectricallypowereddrivenmechanismforproviding
poweredassistancetoavehiclesteeringmechanismhavingamanually
rotatablememberforoperatingthesteeringmechanism,thedrive
mechanismincludingatorquesensoroperabletosensetorquebeing
manuallyappliedtotherotatablemember,anelectricallypowereddrive
motordrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberandacontrollerwhich
isarrangedtocontrolthespeedanddirectionofrotationofthedrive
motorinresponsetosignalsreceivedfromthetorquesensor,thetorque
sensorincludingasensorshaftadaptedforconnectiontotherotatable
membertoformanextensionthereofsothattorqueistransmittedthrough
saidsensorshaftwhentherotatablememberismanuallyrotatedanda
straingaugemountedonthesensorshaftforproducingasignalindicative
oftheamountoftorquebeingtransmittedthroughsaidshaft.Preferably
thesensorshaftisnon-rotatablymountedatoneaxialendinafirst
couplingmemberandisnon-rotatablymountedatitsoppositeaxialend
inasecondcouplingmember,thefirstandsecondcouplingmembers
beinginter-engagedtopermitlimitedrotationtherebetweensothat
torqueunderapredeterminedlimitistransmittedbythesensorshaftonly
andsothattorqueabovesaidpredeterminedlimitistransmittedthrough
thefirstandsecondcouplingmembers.
Now,powersteeringsystemsofsomecarshavebecomethe
power
tousedcarstheofhalfaboutworldwholethestandard-setting,
steering.Withthedevelopmentofautomotiveelectronicstechnology,
somecarshavebeenusingelectricpowersteeringgear,thecarofthe
economy,powerandmobilityhasimproved.Electricpowersteering
deviceonthecarisanewpowersteeringsystemdevice,developed
rapidlyinrecentyearsbothathomeandabroad,becauseofitsuseof
programmableelectroniccontroldevices,theflexibilityinthesametime
therearealsopotentialsafetyproblems.IntheanalysisThisunique
productonthebasisoftheauthorofthecharacteristicsofelectronic
controldevices,securityclearancejustthatthefactorsthatdealwith
securitymeasures,anddiscussedanumberofconcernsthesafetyof
specificissues.Theresultsshowthat:
Existingstandardscannotmeet
theelectricpowersteeringdevicesecurityneedsandmadetheelectric
powersteeringdevicesafet