新编语用学教程课后答案.docx

新编语用学教程课后答案.docx

《新编语用学教程课后答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新编语用学教程课后答案.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

新编语用学教程课后答案

Introduction

[checkyourunderstanding]

1.fSyntaxandsemanticseachhavetheirownstrengths.

2.fPragmaticsisalsointerestedinhowlanguageuseaffectsthelanguagesystem.

3.t

4.f

5.t

In-ClassActivities

1.ASK

（1）Yes,he’scoming.

（2）Yes.[No,heisn’tcoming]

（3）HisknowledgeaboutwhetherPatlikescognitivelinguisticsornot.

2.

（1）a.JohnisobviouslynotHitler.ThereisonlyoneHitlerintheworld.

b.Golfasaninanimateobjectcan’tplayahumanbeing（John）.

c.Itisacaseoftautologythatconveysnonewinformation.

d.“Idea”doesn’thavecolorandcan’tsleepsinceitisinanimate.Thewholesentencedoesn’tmakesense.

（2）a.itcanbeusedforcommunicationinacontextwhereJohnsharessomepersonalitywithHitler.

b.whenJohnisapoorplayerofgolf.

c.inacontextwhereacertainboyhasdonesomethingwrong（outofnaughtiness）.

（3）whenthesentenceisusedinpoetrytopersonalizetheword"idea".

3.

（1）a.Inanentranceofapark.

b.Intherestroomofsomepublicplaceslikeanairport.

a.Peopleareforbiddentobringdogsintothepark.

b.Thisplaceisforadultstochangeinfantdiapers.

4.

（1）Herethespeakerwantstoexpresshiscomplaintthatthecouplearetalkingtooloudly（andtheimplicitrequestforthemtostoptalking）.

（2）Bysayingso,theyoungmanwantstoconveytheirrefusalto“my”request.

Thebackgroundknowledgeweneedisthatsinceitisusuallyimpolitetolistentootherpeople’privateconversation,itisnormalthat“I”can’thearaword（thusthecouplecancontinuetheirtalk）.

5.

（1）Thisnoticeimpliesthatallthosewhojumptheredlightareuncivilized,whateverthereason.

（2）讲卫生的人不会随便吐痰。

6.

（1）Thisisanadvertisementforaholidayinnanditsfoodissodeliciousthatitcanmakethecustomer’swifejealous.The“Frenchtoast”probablymeansatypeofspecialtyprovidedbythisholidayinn.

（2）C:

你去哪里？

吃饭了没？

E:

Howareyou?

How’severythinggoing?

7.

（1）Hemeanshedoesn’tspeakFrench.

（2）Russianmajorsdon’tspeakFrench.

（3）Yes.Ithelpstoindicateanegativeanswer.

8.

（1）a.Heuses“that”undertheassumptionthathismomknowswhichletterisbeingreferredto.

b.Heusesanimperativesentencetoaskhermothertoclosethewindow,whichisimpolite.

（2）Johnny:

Mom,PingPingiscomingtovisitusthisafternnoon.

Mother:

WhoisPingPing?

（3）Wang:

It’snotmyfault,isit?

Li:

Yes.

-----------------

Nativespeaker:

Hi,youlookgood.

Zhang:

Notgood,notgoodatall.

ExercisesTask3.

1. whenwegetsomeonetodosomething,wetendtominimizetheefforttobeinvolved,butwhenwecomplainwetendtoexaggeratethecomplaint.Peoplewanttobepolitebymitigating（缓解,减轻,平静）theimposition,whichisface-threatening.

2.Thefirstimperativeisageneralgrammaticalform,butthesecond,thoughstillanimperative,canbeusedtosoundmorepolitebecauseoftheadditionof"willyou"

3.（intheoffice）

Boss:

Cometomyofficelater.

Clerk:

Yes,sir.

--------

（duringtheafternoontea）

Boss:

Howisyourdad,Tom?

Clerk:

He’sfine.Thanks,Pat.

4.Hewantstosuggestthathedidnotbreakthewindowbecausehewasengagedwith（?

）insomethingelseinotherplaces.

5.InthenovelTheCatcherintheRye,Holden,amiddleschoolstudentalwaysbreaksthepragmaticconventionsandinthatwayshowshisrebellion.

6.WhileweteachEnglishtoChinesestudents,wenotonlyimpartlinguisticinformation（phonetics,phonology,morphology,andsyntaxofEnglish）butalsopragmaticinformation（appropriateuseofEnglishindynamiccontext）.Forinstance,howwecanusethequestiontag（反了？

tagquestions）tosoundmoretentativeandbepolite.

Unit1

[Checkyourunderstanding]

1.f ThatistheviewheldbyJohnAustinintheearlystage.

2.f Implicitperformativeutterancesdonothaveaperformativeverb.

3.f

4.f Thecompletionoftheperlocutionaryactrequirestheaddressee’scooperation.

5.t

In-ClassActivities

1.

（1）Ifyou’veeversaid“Ipromise”or“Iapologize”,youhaveperformedthoseactionsbythesimpleactofsayingthem.But“Iknow”and“Ibelieve”aredeclarative.Sayingthemdoesnotbringaboutanyimmediatechangeinthebelieforknowledgeofthespeaker.

（2）a.Iwishyouagreatsuccess.

IadmitI’mwrong.

b.Imisunderstandyourpoint.

 Iseewhatyoumean.

（3）Yes.Forexample,whenwesay“我在这里向你道歉”，weareperformingtheactofapologizing.（?

）

2.

（1）“Afullapology”heremeansawhollyperformativeutteranceofapologylike“WeapologizetotheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeople”.Indeed,“sorry”isnotaperformativeverb.

（2）Tosomeextent,“sorry”canimplicitlyperformtheactofapology.

3.

（1）Thekidnapperintendstoperformtheactsofthreateningandrequiring.

（2）Hewantstomakehiswordssoundlikeanadviceinsteadofathreatening.

4.

（1）a.locutionary