英语四级阅读Word格式.docx

英语四级阅读Word格式.docx

《英语四级阅读Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级阅读Word格式.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeinto'

B'

s.Thewouldneedstypes,andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'

spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.

1.Acoordingtotheauthor,wahtfactorscontributetothebuildingofpersonality?

a.inheritance

b.inheritance,competitionandenvironment

petition

d.environment

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottureaccordingtotheauthorofthepassage?

a.Schoolsusuallyadoptseverecompetitivepolicies.

b.Studentsareoftendividedbycompetitionresults.

c.Schoolisplacewherechildrencultivatetheircharacteristics.

d.Thestrongerdesireforwinning,thebetter.

3.Thephrase"

soakup"

isclosestinmeaningto____.

a.pullup

b.takeup

c.takein

d.pullin

4.Whatattitudedoestheauthorholdtowardexaminationsinschools?

a.positive

b.negative

c.doubtful

d.neutral

5.whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeconcerningthemanagementofschools?

a.AllstudentsbemadeintocompetitiveAtypes.

b.Achild'

spersonalitybeconsideredinregardtohispossiblefuturejob.

c.AllstudentsbechangedintoBcharacteristics.

d.Schoolsabolishallformsofexaminations.

Askedtonametheirfavoritecity,manyAmerianswouldselectSanFranciscobeganasasmallSpanishoutpostlocatedonamagnificentbay.ThetownwaslittlemorethanavillageservingrancherswhentheUnitedStatestookpossessionofitin1846duringthewarwithMexico.

SanFranciscosprangintoacityovernightbecauseofthenearbydiscoveryofgoldin1848.AgreatrushtoCaliforniatookplace.Wagontrainsploddedtheirdangerouswayacross2000milesofprairieandmountains,whilehundredsofsailingvesselsmadetheequallyhazardoustriparoundtheHorn.Thevesselsdisgorgedthousandsofpassengers--thenthecrewsdesertedteirshipandhundredsofvesselswerelefttorotinthebay.Withintwoyears,CaliforniahadenoughpopulationtobecomeastateandSanFranciscowasformanyyearsthehubofthatnewly-arrivedpopulation.

Thecity'

spresentpopularityisduetoanexcellentclimate,aneasystyleofliving,goodfood,andnumeroustouristattractions.Thecityisfamousforitscablecarswhich"

clangandbang"

upthesteephills,andforitsexcellentseafoodstalsalongthewharf.MostvisitorsarrivingfromnationsinthePacificBasinspendseveraldaysgettingtoknowthetown.

1.Accordingtothisarticle,whowerethefirstCalifornians?

a.desertersfromsailingships

b.spanishranchers

c.goldminers

d.tourists

2.sanfrancisco'

sappealincludesallofthefollowingfactors____.

a.attractivelifestyle,goodseafood,desirableweather

b.touristattactions,extremeseasons,cablecars

c.wagontrains,goldmining,goodclimate

d.cablecars,pleasentclimate,flatterrain

3.sanfranciscotodayisathrivingcitybecauseof____.

a.heavyindustry

b.governmentalheadquarters

c.goldmining

d.tradeandtourism

4.InwahtyeardidCaliforniabecomeanAmericanstate?

a.1850

b.1852

c.1846

d.1848

WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.『Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveused

theiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.』①Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthose

whohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.

　　Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon（oldEnglish）wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.『Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.』②

1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto.

A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage　

B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2.

A.Changesintheformsofwords.

B.Changesinsentencestructures.

C.Changesinspellingrules.

D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.　

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya（an）.

A.historianB.philosopher　C.anthropologistD.linguist

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.　　B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.

C.Ourchanginglanguage.　D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.『Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.』①Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;

itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;

however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.　　

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;

thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.　　

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:

patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefol