专项练习一语法Word文档格式.docx

专项练习一语法Word文档格式.docx

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（3）在主语从句包含do的句子

Whathedidwashelpyou.

Allyouhavetodonowiscompletetheform.

（4）help后的动词可以不带to也可带to

Ihelpedhim（to）mendhisbicycle.

3.不定式的其他用法

（1）在only,too,enough,so/such…as后作结果状语的不定式

Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.

Hewillnotbeoldenoughtovoteuntheyear’selection.

Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?

Heissuchafoolastothinkthathisidlechattercaninfluenceothers.

（Heissuchafoolishastothinkthathisidlechattercaninfluenceothers.）

（2）在thefirst,thelast,theonly,thebest后作定语

Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothisjob.

（3）不定式的完成式

Mrs.BrownissupposedtohaveleftforItalylastweek.

（4）不定式的进行式

HeissaidtobestudyinginHavard.

-ing分词

1．-ing分词作宾语的动词和词组有；

admit,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,dread,endure,escape,excuse,face,feellike,finish,forgive,imagine,involve,keep,mention,mind,miss,postpone,prevent,practice,recall,report,resent,resist,resume,risk,stand,understand

Shedoesn’tmindbeingdisturbedwhilesheisreading.

Hedeniedmakinganystatementtothateffect.

Theyavoidedbeingpunished

2.以下的常用短语或词组中to为介词。

contraryto,object（objection）to,withaviewto,beopposedto,incontrastto,beusedto,beexposedto,dedicateto（至力于），resortto（凭借。

。

手段）,beaccustomedto,bedevotedto,withregardto（关于）,lookforwardto,contributeto,oweto,submitto

Heobjectedtobeingtreatedlikeachild.

HewenttoAmericawithaviewtoopeninganewrestaurant.（为了…目的）

Iamused/accustomedtogettingupearly.

（比较：

Iusedtogetupearly.）

Thedoctordedicatedhimselftofindingacureforthedisease.

Sheoftenresortstocryingwhensheiscriticized.（每当她被批评时，经常以哭为防卫手段）

Shelooksforwardtoseeinghermother.

3.介词和名词后面跟V-ing形式

Heisaccusedofrobbingthebank.

Thereisnousecryingoverthesplitmilk.

IhavesomeproblemlearningEnglish.

HehasnoreasonsayingIstolehiswallet.

4．可跟V-ING形式或todo形式

（1）表意义相同的有：

start,begin,continue

Theybegintotalk（talking）aboutthefilmtheysawlastweek.

（2）表意义不同的有：

like,hate,love,stop,,goon,try,remember,deserve,regret,mean

Rememberdoingsomething记得做过某事（已经做）

Remembertodosomething记得去做某事（还没做）

Forgetdoingsomething.忘记做过谋事

Forgettodosomething忘记去做某事

Stopdoingsomething停下正在做的事

Stoptodosomething停下来去做某事

Regretdoingsomething后悔做过某事

Regrettodosomething对将要做某事感到遗憾

meandoingsomething意味着做某事

meantodosomething想要做某事

trydoingsomething尝试做某事（看结果如何）

trytodosomething尽力去做某事

（3）demand,deserve,need,require,want可跟V-ING形式或todo形式

Hisshoesneedwashing（tobewashed）.

-ing分词与-ed分词的比较

1．其副词所起的作用，作状语，表示时间，原因，条件，结果，伴随情况等

Havingfinishedshoppingtheywenthome.（=Aftertheyfinished….）

Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothenearesthospital.（=Becausehewasseriouslyinjured…）

2．-ing分词三完成式和被动式的含义：

-ing分词完成式表示动作明显发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；

-ing分词的被动式表示的动作正在进行或与句子表示的谓语动词同时发生。

Advancedcountry（发达国家）

Advancingcountry（发展中国家）

Havingnoteddownhisnameandaddress,thepolicemandismissedhim.

Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.

Therehasbeenagreatincreaseintheamountofresearchbeingdoneontheearth（表示动作正在进行）

Beingsurroundedtheenemytroopswereforcedtosurrender.（表示与谓语动词同时进行）

3.-ing分词和-ed分词作定语和宾语补语的区别，-ing分词表示主动和正在进行；

-ed分词表示被动和已经完成

Shedidnotlikethebookgivenbyheraunt.

Heisaretiredteacher.

Therailwaybeingbuiltisaverybigproject.

Themenworkingonthesitewereinsomedanger.

Theteachercaughthimcheatingontheexam.

Doyouhearthechildscreaming?

Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.

Hehadhiswalletstolenonhiswaytowork

4.-ing分词和-ed分词的独立结构

Weatherpermitting,wewilltofishing

Suchbeingthecase,wehadtochangeourplan

Allthemoneyhavingbeenspent,hestartedlookingthanhis.

Allthingsconsidered,herpaperismuchbetterthanhis.

Thedaywasbright,withafreshbreezeblowing.

连词

1、从属连词：

用于引导定语从句、状语从句和名词从句

引导名词从句的连词：

that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,why,howwho,whose,whom

Itiscertainthatyouwillsucceed.（表语从句）

Wehavejustheardthenewsthatourteamhadwonthefootballmatch.（同位语从句）\

Whethertheywillagreetoitornotisstillnotclear.（不能用If与Orno连用）（主语从句）

Ihavenoideawhenhewillbebackfromabroad.（宾语从句）

2.引导状语从句的连词

（1）一道时间状语从句的连词when,while,as,since,after,beforeall,until.Assoonas,themoment

Wehadnotwaitedlongbeforehecamebackfromwork.（没过多久就。

）

Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.（很久以后我们才见面）

Itwillnotbelongbeforewemeetagain.（我们很快就会见面）

Itisnotuntilhefailedintheexamthatheknewheshouldstudyhard.

Themomenthesawherherecognizedher.（assoonashesawher…）

（2）引导条件状语从句的连词：

unless,incaseprovided（that）,providing（that）suppose,supposing,oncondition（that）,aslongas,solongas,

We’llplaythegameunlessitrainsheavily.

Weshallgofishingprovidedthattheweatherisfine.（=if）

Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?

（=if）

Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromthebank.（=onlyif）

（3）引导原因状语从句的连词:

becausesince,nowthat,now,asseeingthat,seeing

Seeingthatsheisoldenoughtomakeherowndecision,weshouldnotstopher.

Nowthateveryoneishere,wecanstartthemeeting.

（4）引导让步状语从句的连词：

although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether…or,whether,whenever,wherever

Whileheisverydiligent,hisbrotherisverylazy.

Whatevermayoccur,dowhatItoldyoutodo.

Howeverdifficultitis,we’llmanagetofulfillourtask.

（5）引导方式状语从句的连词：

as,asif,asthough,accordingas

Airistomanaswateristofish.（正如）

HespeaksJapaneseasif/thoughhewereaJapanese.（常用虚拟语气）

Theproblemsaredifferentlytreatedaccordingastheyarehardoreasy.（这些问题按其难易，采取不同处理方法）

（6）引导目的状语从句的连词：

sothat,inorderto,lest,forfearthat,incase

（7）Whathavesaidthattheyalllaughedatme?

3引导定语从句的连词:

（1）非限制定语从句中不能用That引导

Nobodyknowshisphonenumber,whichmakesitdifficulttogetintouchwithhim,（which指代主句的全部内容）

（2）as作关系代词：

（A）引导非限制定语从句，可以放在句首和句末

Ascouldbeexpected,heopposedtheidea.（不能用which代替as）

Heisabitoutofhismind,asallthosewhoknowhimcansee.（能用which代替as）

Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.（能用which代替as）

（B）引导限制定语从句，常常与as,such,same等连词连用

Heisnotsuchamanaswouldleavehisworkhalfdone.（作从句的主语）

I’veneverheardofsuchthingsashedid.（作从句的宾语）

Youarenothalfascleverasyouthinkyouare.（作从句的宾语）

Heisnolongerthesameasheusedtobe.（作从句的主语补语）

（3）当先行词是all,something,nothing等或当先行词有序数词、形容词最高级或有any,（a）few,no,only,some,very等次修饰限定时，只能用that不用which引导定语从句

Allisnotgoldthatglitters.

Everythingthathedidseemedquitereasonable.

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

ThefirstthingthatIshoulddonowistoworkoutaplan.

Thisistheverypenthatheusedwhenhewaswritingthebook.

（4）but可用作关系代词引导限制定语从句。

它总是用于否定句

Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.（＝Thereisnorulethathasnoexceptions.=Everyrulehasexceptions.）

Thereisnoonebutknowsabouttheincident.（=Thereisnoonewhodoesnotknowtheincident.=Everyoneknowsabouttheincident.）

虚拟语气

一.谓语动词用原形

1.demand,propose,suggest,order,move,maintain（主张），urge（极力主张）,require,request,insist,recommend,determine,advise,desireandcommend等引导的宾语从句

Wedesirethatourleaderinformusimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.

Itisdesiredthatwecompleteourtestintime.

Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

2.Itisessential/important/advisablethat….

Itisofimportancethat….

ItisimportantthatTOEFLofficeconfirmyourregistration.

二.对过去的虚拟

If从句主句

过去完成would+现在完成

IfIhadstudiedharderlastterm,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.

=HadIstudiedharderlastterm,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.

对现在的虚拟

If从句主句

过去时would+动词原形

Ifhecameheretoday,hewouldseehisfavoritesinger.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotgowithhim.

Ifsheweretoacceptthisjob,shewouldhavetoworkonweekends.

三.Iwish

1.IwishIknewwhathashappened.（what引导的是宾语从句，说明的是现在的情况，谓语用现在完成时）

Iwishthatyouhadn’thadsuchabadheadachebecauseI’msureyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

Ifonlytheparcelhadarrivedthereintime.（=Iwish…）

四.动词用过去时

Itistimethat….（从句的谓语用过去时）

Wouldrather/sooner/justassoonthat

Iwouldrathergowithyou.

Iwouldratherthathewentwithyou.

Itistimewewenttoschool.

五.在公式化的语句中（用于表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等）

（1）动词用原形

Comewhatmay,we’llgoahead.

Godblessyou!

Longliveourmotherland!

（2）动词用be

Sobeit.（=Letitbeso./Beitso./Somayitbe.）就这样吧。

Bethatasitmay,wehavenothingtolose.既然如此。

六.错综时间条件句

Ifyouhadtakenthe