陕西历史博物馆览胜 中英文Word下载.docx
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ThismuseumwasdesignedbyMs.ZhangJinqiu,AcademicianofChineseAcademyofEngineering,outofinspirationoftheromanticcharmofpalacesinTangDynasty.Ithasafloorspaceof56,000sqm.
三、陈列展览
总面积1.1万平方米,由常设展览、专题展览和临时展览三部分组成。
常设展览,是最重要的展览,从115万年前的蓝田猿人到1840年,按照历史顺序展示了3000多件各个历史时期具有代表性的珍贵文物。
III.Exhibits
Coveringatotalareaof11,000sqm,itcomprises3galleriesrespectivelyforregularexhibits,exhibitsofspecialsubject,andtemporaryexhibits.Amongthemtheregularoneisofgreatestimportance,which,representingahistoricperiodfrom1,150,000yearsago(theperiodofLantianMan)upto1840,showcasesmorethan3,000piecesoftreasuredrelics.
四、文物精华
藏品37.5万件,其中商周青铜器、历代陶俑、唐代金银器、唐墓壁画,是最有特色的四大类藏品。
被定为国宝的就有18件(组)。
IV.HighlightsofRelics
Ofthe375,000piecesofobjects,fourmostdistinctivecategoriesarebronzewaresinShang&
ZhouDynasty,potteryfiguresofallhistoricperiods,gold&
silverwaresinTangDynasty,andmuralpaintingsinimperialtombsofTangDynasty,amongwhich18pieces(units)areidentifiedasnationaltreasures.
青铜器
陕西境内,总计出土有2500多件带有铭文的青铜器,上面的文字多达41000个,因此有地下史书之称。
BronzeWares
Giventhattherearealtogethermorethan2,500bronzewaresunearthedinShaanxiwithinscriptionsaslongas41,000Chinesecharacters,thisprovinceishonorablyentitledas“AnUndergroundHistoryBook”.
(1)蛙纹钺商代
钺是武器,又是象征王权的礼器。
这件蛙纹钺,可能与早期的蜀人或巴人有关。
1.Dagger-axewithFrogDesignShangDynasty
Dagger-axeisbothaweaponandasacrificialobjectsymbolizingimperialpower.ThisobjectmighthavesomebearingonpeopleofShuorBaareainancientChina.
(2)四足鬲商代
鬲是炊器,这件四足鬲与常见的三足鬲不同,可能是“巴人”的遗存。
2.Four-leggedLiCookingVesselShangDynasty
Thiscookingvessel,withfourinsteadofcommonlythreelegs,mightberelicsofpeoplefromBaareainancientChina.
(3)羊首勺商代
勺用来舀酒或汤,这件勺的装饰有鲜明的北方草原游牧民族文化特征。
3.LadlewithSheepHeadShangDynasty
Ladleisusedforputtingwineorsoupintootherutensils.ThisonewasmadewithdistinctivedecorationsfavoredbynomadicpeopleinNorthernChina.
(4)日己方彝西周
彝是盛酒的容器,也用作礼器。
铭文大意是:
为了祭祀亡父日己,保佑子孙平安,铸造了这件宗庙宝器。
4.BronzeYiwithCharacters“RiJi”WesternZhouDynasty
Yiisbothwinecontainerandsacrificialobject.Theinscriptioninitgoestotheeffectthatthisobjectwasmadeasasacrificetohisbelovedfather,RiJi,inhopeofseekinghisblessingsforlateroffspring.
(5)多友鼎西周
鼎内279字的铭文,记述一位名叫多友的官员,奉周王之命率军与进犯京畿的北方游牧民族猃狁四次交战,最终大获全胜,得到了周王的赏赐。
5.TripodwithCharacters“DuoYou”WesternZhouDynasty
The279wordinscriptioninsidethetripodgivesanaccountofanofficialnamedDuoYou,whowasawardedbytheemperorofZhouforwinningfourbattlesagainstthenomadicinvaderscalledXianYuninNorthernChina.
(6)牛尊西周
尊是酒器,模仿动物形态铸造是商周时期的流行做法。
6.BronzeOx-shapedZunWesternZhouDynasty
Thiswinecontainerisintheshapeofanox,whichprovesthatimitationofanimalfiguresintheproductionofbronzewareswasapopularpracticeinShang&
ZhouDynasties.
(7)鸟盖hù
瓠壶战国
造型类似植物中的瓠瓜,壶盖为鸟形。
中国古代文献记载天文有“瓠瓜星”,因此壶的用途可能与祭天有关。
EwerwithaBird-shapedLid
7.Thisobjecttakesshapeofagourdandisdistinguishedbyitsbird-shapedlid.IntheancientChineseastronomicalworks,gourdwasevercarriedinthenameofastar---“Gourd-shapedStar”(HuguaXing).Therefore,itwasprobabletohavefunctionedasasacrificetotheheaven.
(8)杜虎符战国
符是古代帝王调发军队的信物,分左右两半,调兵时,使臣持国王授予的右符与统兵将帅所持的左符验合后方能发兵。
8.BronzeTiger-shapedTallyWarringStatesPeriod
Tallyisaspecialtokenusedbyemperortotransmithisorderandtoconfermilitarypoweruponhisministers.Itiscomprisedoftwohalves,theleftandtheright.Troopscouldbedispatchedonlyiftherighthalfheldbytheemperorfittedperfectlywiththelefthalfinthehandsofacommander.
9)铜剑秦代
剑是近距离格斗的兵器,它的表面有一层致密的含铬盐的氧化层,抵御了腐蚀,避免了生锈。
9.BronzeSwardQinDynasty
Thisswardisaweaponusedinface-to-facebattles.Onitssurfaceisanoxidecoatingofchromicsaltsfortheresistanceoferosionandcorrosion,
陶俑
俑是伴随着奴隶社会殉人制度的崩溃而出现的,有人物、动物、镇墓俑三大类,制作工艺有捏塑、模制,装饰主要有彩绘、三彩。
PotteryFigures
Potteryfigureswerefirstproducedwiththecollapseoftheinstitutionofburyingthelivingwiththedeadintheslavesociety.Theyfallinto3maincategories,namely,humanfigures,animalfiguresandtombguardians.Craftsinvolvedinthemanufacturingofpotteryfiguresaredoughkneadingandmouldingcombinedwithsuchpaintingmethodsasmulti-colorandtri-colorglazingtechniques.
(1)铠甲武士俑秦代
武士身上的铠甲,有一百多片,设计、编辍、制造极其精细。
1.TerracottaFigureofanArmoredWarriorQinDynasty
Thearmorthatthewarriorwearsismadeupofoverahundredpiecesofflakesthatareelegantlydesignedandfabricated.
(2)跪射俑秦代
居于弩兵方阵核心部位,四周为立射俑,打仗时轮番射击,使敌人无法逼近。
2.TerracottaFigureofaKneelingArcherQinDynasty
Intheheartofthemilitarymatrixarekneelingarchers,surroundedbytheonesinstandingposition.Inancientbattles,theytookalternativeturntoshootandmadeimpossibletheapproachofenemies.
(3)彩绘射姿俑西汉
这是一位经过严格训练,动作规范、身手敏捷的的勇士形象。
3.PaintedPotteryArcherWesternHanDynasty
Thisbestrepresentsthequickmovementofawarriorwhohasreceivedstrictandformalmilitarytraining.
(4)彩绘舞蹈俑西汉
这是长安城皇宫内一位正在表演的舞女形象。
4.PaintedPotteryDancerWesternHanDynasty
ThisvividlydepictsafemaledancerperformingintheimperialpalaceofChang’an.
(5)彩绘骑马吹号角俑北魏
号角多用牛角制成,是军中联络、报警时使用的一种鸣器,后来演变为演奏乐器。
5.PaintedPotteryHorseRiderPlayingHornNorthernWeiDynasty
Trumpetisusuallymadefromoxhorn.Itwasfirstusedtocommunicateandgivealarmsinbattlesandthenevolvedintoamusicalinstrument.
(6)彩绘胡服女立俑唐代
随着丝绸之路的畅通,“女为胡服学胡妆”称为唐代贵族妇女的时髦妆扮。
6.PaintedPotteryFemaleFigurewithForeignGarmentTangDynasty
TheSilkRoadnotonlyopenedupachannelforcommunicationsbutalsointroducedforeigngarmentsandmake-upswhichwerethenpursuedasafashionbyfemalesinnobleandroyalfamiliesinTangDynasty.
(7)三彩梳妆女坐俑唐代
这位贵族女子,恰如唐诗中对美人的描绘:
“粉胸半掩疑晴雪”,“二八花钿,胸前如雪脸如花”。
7.Tri-coloredFemaleFigureMakingUpHerselfTangDynasty
Thisfairladyofnoblebirth,withcreamyskinandafaceglowingwiththefreshnessofaspringflower,bestrepresentsthestandardofbeautyintheeyesofpeopleinTangDynasty.
(8)三彩天王俑唐代
一般是一左一右放置在墓门两边,用于辟邪厌胜,使鬼神不得侵害主人的亡灵。
8.Tri-coloredPotteryFigureofHeavenlyGodTangDynasty
Thispotteryfigure,oneofapairthatwereplacedatbothsidesofagateleadingtotheimperialtomb,functionedasguardiantodriveghostsandevilsawayfromthespiritofthedead.
(9)三彩载乐骆驼俑唐代
表现的是刚刚从异国它乡返回到长安的商队,快乐和喜悦使他们情不自禁地歌唱起来。
9.Tri-coloredCamelCarryingMusiciansontheBackTangDynasty
ThisisavividdepictionofateamofmerchantswhoweresingingjoyfullybackfromtheforeignlandtoChang’an.
(10)仿绞胎骑马射猎俑唐代
马鞍上的青年武士,“翻身射箭仰射云,一箭正坠双飞翼”,是位射猎高手。
10.MixedRoughcastPotteryHunterontheHorseBackTangDynasty
Theyoungwarrioronthehorsebackwasaveteranshooternoonecouldcomparewith.
金银器
GoldandSilverWares
金银器自古以来就是财富与高贵的象征,也凝聚了无数工匠的心血和智慧。
Fromtheancienttime,goldandsilverwareshavebeenassumednotonlyasasymbolofwealthbutalsoatokenofwisdomfromnumerouscraftsmen.
(1)鎏金桃形龟纹银盘唐代
GildedSilverPlatewithDesignofaTurtleintheShapeofaPeach
TangDynasty
桃被道教列为延年益寿、长生不老的供品,金龟神明长寿,也可以辟邪消灾。
InTaoism,peachiscommonlyplacedonaltarassacrificehelpingprolongone’slife;
whileturtleisnotonlyasymboloflongevitybutalsoassumedascapableofprotectingpeoplefromevilspiritanddisasters.
(2)盛“次乳”银盒唐代
SilverBoxforCarryingStalactiteTangDynasty
古人多用钟乳作为强身健体、延年益寿的药物,也是炼丹术制作寒石散的主要原料。
Stalactiteisamedicalsubstanceassumedinancienttimesascapableofenhancinghealthandprolonginglife.ItisalsoakeyelementfortheproductionofHanshiPowerintheancientalchemicpractice.
(2)鎏金仕女狩猎纹八瓣银杯唐代
GildedSilverOctagonalCupwithDesignofHuntingSceneandElegantLadiesTangDynasty
银杯上的八幅画面,勾勒出唐代男子狩猎、仕女游乐的生活情景,也展示出外来文化对金银器的影响。
TheeightpicturesonthesilvercupdepicthuntingscenesandelegantladiesinTangDynasty,whichalsorevealtheforeignimpactongoldandsilverwares.
(3)鎏金舞马衔杯纹银壶唐代
GildedSilverFlaskwithDancingHorsesHoldingCupsinTheirMouthsTangDynasty
壶身的装饰,源自唐玄宗生日八月五日千秋节的舞马祝寿表演,“屈膝衔杯赴节,倾心献寿无疆”,“更有衔杯终宴曲,垂头掉尾醉如泥”。
ThedecorativedetailsonthebodyoftheflaskwerefromthedancinghorseperformanceheldforthecelebrationofEmperorXuanzong’sbirthdayonthe5thofAugust,alsoknownas“QianQiuFestival”.Anancientpoemrecallingsuchacheerfulscenegoestotheeffectthatevendancinghorsesaresojoyfulastoholdcupsintheirmouthsdrinkingwinetothelastminuteofthebanquetmusic.
(4)鸳鸯莲瓣纹金碗唐代GoldBowlwithDesignofLotusPetalsandMandarinDucksTangDynasty
碗的内壁有唐人的墨书:
“九两三”,它是管理者称重后留下的题记。
Theinscriptionsinsideindicatetheweightofthebowl---9.3Liang.(Liangistheancientweightmeasurement.)
(5)鎏金鸳鸯纹银羽觞唐代
GildedSilverOvalCupwithDesignofMandarinDucksTangDynasty
羽觞是饮食器。
鸿雁、鸳鸯,寓意百年好和、永不分离,饱含着唐人的祈盼和希冀。
Ovalcupisautensilfordrinking.Mandarinducksthatareof