六级模拟3Word格式.docx

六级模拟3Word格式.docx

《六级模拟3Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《六级模拟3Word格式.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

　　Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　IsCollegeReallyWorththeMoney?

　　TheRealWorld

　　EsteGriffithhaditallfiguredout.WhenshegraduatedfromtheUniversityofPittsburghinApril2001,shehadhersightssetononething:

workingforalaborunion.

　　Therealworldhadotherideas.Griffithleftschoolwithnotonlyadegree,butaboatloadofdebt.Sheowed$15,000instudentloansandhadrackedup$4,000increditcarddebtforbooks,groceriesandotherexpenses.Nolaborunionjobcouldpayenoughtobailherout.

　　SoGriffithwenttoworkinsteadforaWashington,D.C.firmthatspecializesineconomicdevelopment.Problemsolved?

Nope.Atage24,shetakeshomeabout$1,800amonth,$1,200ofwhichdisappearstopayherrent.Addanother$180amonthtoretireherstudentloansand$300amonthtowhittledownhercreditcardbalance."

Youdothemath,"

shesays.

　　Griffithhaspracticallynomoneytoliveon.Shebrown-bags（自带午餐）herlunchandbikestowork.Aboveall,shefearsshe'

llneverownahouseorbeabletoretire.It'

snotthatsheregretsgettingherdegree."

Buttheydon'

ttellyouthatthetrade-offisthenexttenyearsofyourincome,"

　　That'

spreciselythedealbeingmadebymoreandmorecollegestudents.They'

remortgagingtheirfuturestomeetsoaringtuitioncostsandothercollegeexpenses.LikeGriffith,they'

refacingaone-twopunchatgraduation:

hefty（深重的）studentloansandsmotheringcreditcarddebt—nottomentionajobmarketthat,fornowanyway,isdismal.

　　"

Weareforcingourchildrentomakeachoicebetweentwoevils,"

saysElizabethWarren,aHarvardLawprofessorandexpertonbankruptcy."

Skipcollegeandfacealifeofdiminishedopportunity.orgotocollegeandfacealifeshackled（束缚）bydebt."

　　TuitionHikes

　　Forsometime,collegeshaveinsistedtheirsteeptuitionhikesareneededtopayforcutting-edgetechnologies,facultyandadministrationsalaries,andrisinghealthcarecosts.Nowthere'

sanewculprit（犯人）:

shrinkingstatesupport.Caughtinaseverebudgetcrunch,manystateshavesharplyscaledbacktheirfundingforhighereducation.

　　Someonehadtomakeupforthoselostdollars.Andyoucanguesswho—especiallyifyouliveinMassachusetts,whichlastyearhikeditstuitionandfeesby24percent,afterfundingdroppedby3percent,orinMissouri,whereappropriations（拨款）fellby10percent,buttuitionroseatdoublethatrate.Aboutone-thirdofthestates,infact,haveincreasedtuitionandfeesbymorethan10percent.

　　OneofthosestatesisCalifornia,andJanetBurrell'

sfamilyisfeelingthepain.AbookkeeperinTorrance,BurrellhasadaughterattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisMeanwhile,hersonsattendtwo-yearcollegesbecauseBurrellcan'

taffordtohavealloftheminfour-yearschoolsatonce.

　　Meanwhile,evenwithtuitionhikes,California'

scommunitycollegesaresostrappedforcashtheydroppedthousandsofclasseslastspring.Theresult:

54,000fewerstudents.

　　CollapsingInvestments

　　Manyfamiliesthoughttheyhadasurefireplan:

eveniftuitionkeptskyrocketing,theyhadinvestedenoughmoneyalongthewaytomeetthecosts.ThenafunnythinghappenedonthewaytoWallStreet.Thoseinvestmentscollapsedwiththestockmarket.Amongtheloserslastyear:

thewildlypopular"

529"

plans—federaltax-exemptcollegesavingsplansofferedbyindividualstates,whichhaveattractedbillionsfromfamiliesaroundthecountry."

Wehearfrommanyparentsthatwhattheyhadsetasidedeclinedinvaluesomuchthattheynowdon'

thaveenoughtoseetheirstudentsthrough,"

saysPennStatefinancialaiddirectorAnnaGriswold,whowitnesseda10percentincreaseinloanapplicationslastyear.Evenwithamarketthatmaybeslowlyrecovering,itwilltaketime,perhapsseveralyears,forpeopletorecoup（补偿）theirlosses.

　　NadineSayeghisamongthosewhodidn'

thavetheluxuryofwaitingforhercollegenesteggtogrowback.Herfatherhadinvestedmoneytowardhertuition,butalargechunkofitvanishedwhenstockswentsouth.Nadinewasthenonlypartwaythroughcollege.Bygraduation,shehadtakenoutatleast$10,000inloans,andhermotherhadborrowedevenmoreonherbehalf.Now22,Nadineisattendinglawschool,havingsignedforyetmoreloanstopayforthat."

Therewasn'

tanywaytodoitdifferently,"

shesays,"

andI'

mnothappyaboutit.I'

vesatdownandcalculatedhowlongitwilltakemetopayoffeverything.I'

llbe35yearsold."

That'

sifshe'

sverylucky:

Nadinebasedhercalculationonlandingajobrightoutoflawschoolthatwillpayheratleast$120,000ayear.

　　DependentonLoansandCreditCards

　　TheAmericanCouncilonEducationhasitsowncalculationthatshowshowstudentsaremoreandmoredependentonloans.Injustfiveyears,from1995to2000,themedianloandebtatpublicinstitutionsrosefrom$10,342to$15,375.Mostofthiscomesfromfederalloans,whichCongressmademoretemptingin1992byexpandingeligibility（homeequitynolongercountsagainstyourassets）andraisingloanlimits（adependentundergraduatecannowborrowupto$23,000fromthefederalgovernment）.

　　Butstudentsaren'

tstoppingthere.TheCollegeBoardestimatesthattheyalsoborrowed$4.5billionfromprivatelendersinthe2000-2001academicyear,upfrom$1.5billionjustfiveyearsearlier.

　　Forlotsofstudents,theworstofitisn'

teventheweightofthosedirectstudentloans.It'

swhattheyrackuponallthoseplasticcardsintheirwallets.Asoftwoyearsago,accordingtoastudybylenderNellieMae,morethaneightoutoftenundergradshadtheirowncreditcards,withthetypicalstudentcarryingfour.That'

snobigsurprise,giventhein-your-facemarketingbycreditcardcompanies,whichsetuptablesoncampustoentice（诱惑）studentstosignup.Somecollegesbanorrestrictthishawking,butothersgiveitaboost.Youknowthosecreditcardsemblazonedwithaschool'

spictureoritslogo?

Forsanctioningsuchacard—amust-haveforsomestudents—acollegedepartmentorassociationgetspaymentsfromtheissuer.Meanwhile,fromfreshmanyeartograduation,accordingtotheNellieMaestudy,studentstriplethenumberofcreditcardstheyownanddoubletheirdebtonthem.Asof2001,theywereintheholeanaverage$2,327.

　　AWiseChoice?

　　Oneday,Moyersatdownwithhismother,JanneO'

Donnell,totalkabouthisgoalofgoingtolawschool.Don'

tcountonit,O'

Donnelltoldhim.Shecouldn'

taffordthecostandMoyerdoubtedhecouldgetaloan,givenhowmuchheowedalready."

Hesaidhefeltlikeafailure,"

O'

Donnellrecalls."

Hedidn'

tknowhowhehadgottenintosuchamess."

　　Aweeklater,the22-year-oldhangedhimselfinhisbedroom,wherehismotherfoundhim.O'

Donnellisconvincedthemoneypressurescausedhissuicide."

Seantriedtopayhisdebtsoff,"

shesays."

Andhecouldn'

ttakeit."

　　Tobesure,suicidesareexceedinglyrare.Butdespairiscommon,anditsometimesleadsstudentstorethinkwhethercollegewasworthit.Infact,therearequiteafewjobsthatdon'

trequireacollegedegree,yetpayfairlywell.Onaverage,though,collegegraduatescanexpecttoearn80percentmorethanthosewithonlyahighschooldiploma.Also,allbuttwoofthe50highestpayingjobs（theexceptionsbeingairtrafficcontrollersandnuclearpowerreactoroperators）requireafour-yearcollegedegree.Soforegoingacollegeeducationisoftennotawisechoice.

　　MeritMikhail,whograduatedlastJunefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,isgladsheborrowedtogetthroughschool.ButsheleftRiversideowing$20,000instudentloansandanother$7,000increditcarddebt.Nowinlawschool,Merithopestobecomeapublic-interestattorney,yetshemayhavetopostponethatgoal,whichbothersher.Tohandleherdebt,she'

llprobablyneedtostartwithamorelucrative（有利的）legaljob.

　　Likesomanyotherstudents.Mikhailtookoutherloansonakindofblindfaiththatshecoulddealwiththeconsequences."

Yousaytoyourself,'

Ihavetogointodebttomakeitwork,andwhateverittakeslater,I'

llmanage.'

"

Laterhasnowarrived,andMikhailisfindingoutthetruecostofhercollegedegree.

　　1.GriffithworkedforafirmthatspecializedineconomicdevelopmentinWashingtonD.C.becausesheneededmoneytopayforherdebt.

　　2.Theonlyproblemthestudentsarefacingatgraduationisthedismaljobmarket.

　　3.Onereasonwhycollegesincreasetuitionandfeesisthatthestatesupportisshrinking.

　　4.Nearlyallthefamiliescanmanagetomeetthesoaringtuitioncoststhroughvariousinvestmentplans.

　　5.AccordingtoNadine'

scalculation,shecanpayoffallherdebtwhensheis________ifshecangetasalaryof$120,000ayearrightoutoflawschool.

　　6.Studentsgetmoneyfromnotonlyfederalloansbutalso________.

　　7.Thecollegedepartmentorassociationcangetpaymentsfromtheissuerifitsanctionscreditcardsdecoratedwith_____