吐血推荐10考研英语真题及答案免费下载清华Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Accordingto__5____oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed。
Itdidnot__6____whatwasdoneintheexperiment;
___7_sometingwaschanged,productivityrose。
A(n)___8___thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe____9___toalterworkers’behavior____10____itself。
abcabc Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere_11__toeconometrictheanalysis。
Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore_12__thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic_13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting。
abcabc Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathapped。
__15___,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday。
WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16___rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays。
__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff。
Thissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtopindown。
abcabc 1。
[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restoredabcabc 2。
[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]offabcabc 3。
[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proofabcabc 4。
[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguousabcabc 5。
[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessmentsabcabc 6。
[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]workabcabc 7。
[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongasabcabc 8。
[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusionabcabc 9。
[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundantabcabc 10。
[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]byabcabc 11。
[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyedabcabc 12。
[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliartoabcabc 13。
[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]sourceabcabc 14。
[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleadingabcabc 15。
[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusualabcabc 16。
[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenlyabcabc 17。
[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continuedabcabc 20。
[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitingabcabc SectionIIReadingComprehensionabcabc PartAabcabc Directions:
abcabc Readthefollowingfourtexts。
Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]。
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。
(40points)abcabc Text2abcabc Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods。
Amazon。
comreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem。
MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy。
Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox。
abcabc Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago。
Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU。
S。
courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents。
InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDennis’D。
CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw。
It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents。
”abcabc Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets。
Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions。
Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch。
In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem。
Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。
abcabc TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket。
TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould”reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。
abcabc TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCountthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders。
LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious。
ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”,saysHaroleC。
wegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool。
abcabc 26。
Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseofabcabc [A]theirlimitedvaluetobusinessabcabc [B]theirconnectionwithassetallocationabcabc [C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgrantingabcabc [D]thecontroversyoverauthorizationabcabc 27。
WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?
abcabc [A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisionsabcabc [B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactionabcabc [C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuitabcabc [D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU。
abcabc 28。
Theword“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)mostprobablymeansabcabc [A]lossofgoodwillabcabc [B]increaseofhostilityabcabc [C]changeofattitudeabcabc [D]enhancementofdignityabcabc 29。
Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatentsabcabc [A]areimmunetolegalchallengesabcabc [B]areoftenunnecessarilyissuedabcabc [C]lowertheesteemforpatentholdersabcabc [D]increasetheincidenceofrisksabcabc 30。
Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?
abcabc [A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatentsabcabc [B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholdersabcabc [C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatentsabcabc [D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatentsabcabc Text3abcabc InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected。
Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread。
abcabc Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“twostepflowofcommunication”:
Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse。
Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem。
Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods。
Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention。
Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrendsabcabc Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed。
Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall。
abcabc Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers。
Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly。
Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;
andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential。
Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople。
abcabc Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluence