英文毕业论文从女性主义的角度分析《简爱》Word格式文档下载.docx
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AnAnalysisonJaneEyrefromthePerspectiveofFeminist
Abstract
CharlotteBronteisanoutstandingwomanwriterinthe19thcenturyEnglishliterature,herworkJaneEyrehasbeenregardedastheclassicsoftheEnglishliteratureduetoitsuniquecontentandwayofexpression.Sincetheworkhasbeenpublished,ithasattractedtheattentionoftheliterarycritics.Especiallythepursuitoffemaleindependenceandequality,makingtheheroinesofJane’simageloadstheWesternwomen’sawakeningoffeministconsciousnessinthe19thcentury.ThereisnolackoftheimageofrebelliouswomeninEnglishliterature,butlikeJaneEyre,ashumble,ordinary,plainbutwhohaveno“minority”women,soconsciouslyagainstthestrongpatriarchalsociety,beregardedasunprecedented.
ThispaperrevealsthewakeofthegenderconsciousandthesocialpositionofwomeninVictorianperiodthroughtheanalysisoftheheroinefromthefeministperspective.ThestatusofwomenintheVictorianperiodhasimprovedbythedevelopmentoffemaleconsciousness,butstillaffectedbysocialclassandsocialstatus.
Keywords:
JaneEyre;
CharlotteBronte;
female;
equality;
freedom
TableofContents
3.1.2CharlotteBronte'
sPositioninLiteraryHistory…………………………………..7
3.2.3LiteraryValueofJaneEyre………………………………………………………9
4.3Thornfield-UprisingofFemaleConsciousness…………………………………………11
Chapter1Introduction
1.1SocialBackground
JaneEyreisoneofthefamousnovelswrittenbyCharlotteBronteinthe19thcenturyanditisamongmyfamousnovels.Sinceitspublication,ithasattractedalotofattention.Fromtheliteraturereview,thethesisoftheworkisaboutfeminism.Inthelaterpartofthetwentiethcentury,itbecomescommonforliterarycriticstopayattentiontofeministelementsinCharlotteBronte’snovels.FeministfirstappearedinFrance;
theFrenchRevolutionchallengedsocialinequalitiesandopeneddoorsforwomen’sfightforequality.AsslaveryinAmericabecamewidespreadintheearly1800s,manyscholarschallengeditsexistence.Womeninthisperiodarelargelyconfinedtohomeandareexpectedtomarryinordertosecurestatesandprivilege.In1848,StantonandMottcallthefirstSenecaFallsConventionforwomen’srightswhichcallsforwomen’srighttovoteandstatesthatallmenandwomenarecreatedequal.JaneEyrewaspublishedin1847alongwiththedevelopmentofthewomenmovement.
Thewriter,CharlotteBrontehadbeenraisedbythefatherwhotaughthischildrentothinkforthemselves.Shelearnedtotrustherinstinctsthatencouragedhertobelievethatwomen,aswellasmen,hadaneedtodream,toexplore,thatthey“needexercisefortheirfaculties,andafieldfortheireffortsasmuchastheirbrothersdo”(CharlotteBronte,1992:
130).Hermotherdiedin1821,leavingthechildreninthecareoftheiraunt.Livingintherectory,shehadlittletodootherthanreadandwrite.Thelonelinesssheexperiencedwasclearlyacute.
1.2MotivationsandObjectives
InVictoriantimes,CharlotteBrontewasamongthefirstfeministwriters.Thiswasthetimethatthewomenwerelookeddownuponbythesociety.Theyhadfewrightsandfewoptionsopentothemforself-support.Formostwomentheonlywaytolivedecentlywastogetmarried,andinmanycases,itwasnotuptothewomentochoosewithwhomshemarried.Forthemostpart,awomanwasnotgiventheopportunitytogotoschoolandearnadegreeunlessshewasbornintoahighsocialclass.TheaverageVictorianwomanwastreatednotasaperson,butasan
objectorpieceofproperty.Shehadveryfewrightseitherinsociety,ormarriage.InJaneEyre,themaincharacter,Jane,exploresthedepthatwhichwomenmayactinsocietyandfindsherownboundariesinVictorianEngland.JaneEyreisanovelaboutonewoman’sjourneythroughlife,soshedescribedJane’sexperienceindetailtoshowtheinferiorityofthewomanandthepovertyofthesociety.ButJaneissuchself-respect,independentanddecisivewoman.Herfemaleconsciousnessandherstrugglingexperiencesetabrilliantexampleforthefemaleworldwide.Herspiritencourageswomantofightforliberation.Asagreatbook,JaneEyrenotonlyawakesitsearlyreadersoftheVictoriansAge,butalsoencouragesthemodernwomen.JaneEyretellsnotonlywhatanindependentwomanislikebutalsowhatasuccessfulwomanshoulddo.Throughtheaboveanalysis,wecanknowthattheauthorofJaneEyrecreatedsuccessfullyatypicalwomancharacterwhohasthecouragetorebelandfightforfreedomandequality.
ThispaperrevealsthewakeofthegenderconsciousandthesocialpositionofwomeninVictorianperiodthroughtheanalysisoftheheroinefromthefeministperspective.Thefirstchapterintroducesthesocialbackground,thetypeandthesubjectofthework.Thesecondchapterintroducesthetheoreticalbasis,theformoffeministanditsinfluencetothecreationofthework.Thethirdchapterputsthefoundationtoanalyzethefemaleconsciousthroughthecomparisonoftheauthor’sexperienceandtheplotofthework.Thefourthchapteranalysesthemaincharacterinthreeaspects.Italsoreflectsthedevelopmentofthefemaleconsciousnessandthepursuitoftheequality.ThefifthchapteranalysesJane’spursuitofequalityandlibertyfromthefeministperspective,reflectingthe19thcenturywomen’seffecttopursuitfreedomandequalityaswellasthelimitationofthefemaleconscious.Thesixthchapteristheconclusionofthework.InVictoriantimes,women’sstatusgotdifferentimprovement,butduetorestrictionofthesocialstatus,femaleconsciousnessstillhasthelimitation.
Chapter2LiteratureReview
2.1TheDefinitionofFeminism
Theideaof“feminism”appearedseveralcenturiesago,whileeventodaythereisnoexactlydefinition.Throughoutthehistory,womenhavealwaysstruggledtogainequality,respectandthesamerightsasmen.Whatisfeminism?
Bygeneraldefinition,feminismisaphilosophyinwhichwomenandtheircontributionsarevalued.Itisbasedonsocialpoliticalandeconomicalequalityforwomen.Feminismcanalsobedescribedasamovementorarevolutionthatincludeswomenandmenwhowishtheworldtobeequalwithoutboundaries.Therearemanydifferenttypesoffeministtheoryandeachhasaprofoundimpactonwomenandgenderstudies.Thefirstisculturalfeminismwhichisthetheorythattherearefundamentalpersonalitydifferencesbetweenwomenandmen.
Mostfeministsholdabeliefthatwomanasgroupsaretreateddifferentlyfrommen.Theyaresubjecttopersonalandinstitutionaldiscrimination(StevenGoldberg,1973).Feministsbelievethatbeingfemaletoalargeextentdeterminesone’slife.Beingawomanmeanshavingacertaingender,especiallyfemininity.Feministsalsobelievedthatthesocietyisorganizedinfavorofthemen.Feministstrytoexplainthatthepowersareimbalancedduetothegenderdifference.Literaturewilloftenreflecttheculturalassumptionsandattitudesofitsperiod,ofcourseincludeattitudestowardswomen:
theirstatus,theirroles,theirexpectations.
Andfeministtheoristsaimtounderstandthenatureofinequalityandfocusongenderpolitics,powerrelations,andsexuality.Feministpoliticalactivitiesadvocateforsocial,political,andeconomicequalitybetweenthesexes.Theycampaignonissuessuchasreproductiverights,domesticviolence,maternityleave,equalpay,discriminationandsexualviolence.
Whenwetalkaboutthefeministcriticism,wemustmentionthattheword“feminism”.AccordingtotheNewEncyclopediaBritannica,“feminism”,alsocalled“feministmovement”or“women’sliberationmovement”,referstothesocialmovementsthatseekequalrightsforwomen,givingthemequalstatuswithmenandfreedomtodecidetheirowncareers
andlifepatterns.ThereareotherfivedifferentdefinitionsofFeminism:
1.Challengingthepowerstructurebetweenmenandwomen;
seeingmenandwomenasgroupsratherthanindividuals.
2.Rebellingagainstandrejectingpowerstructures,institutions,laws,orsocialconventionsthatmaintainwomenassubordinate,powerless,orsecond-classcitizens.
3.Arguingagainstthedivisionoflaborthatvaluesmeninthepublicsphere(work,sports,government,law)anddevalueswomenintheprivatesphere(home,childcare,reproductivelabor,housework,maintainingfamily).
4.Workingasacollectivetofightforwomen’srightsinallfacetsofmodernlife,includingtheworkplace,sexuality,reproductiverights,fairrepresentation,andacceptanceofalternativefamilies.
5.Demandingfullrightsforallwomenandmen.
2.2ResearchBackground
Intheyearof1800s,peoplehavefewrightsandfewchances.Womenarestillregardedasthesecondclasscitizens.ButthingstochangeafterthereignofQueenVictoria.TheVictoriantimeisaperiodofdramaticchangethatbroughtEnglishtoitshighestpointofdevelopment.TheIndustrialRevolutionbringsanenormousincreaseinwealthandprovidesthetoolsforthedevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems.Duringthetime,womengraduallygaintherighttotheirpropertyuponmarriagethroughtheMarriedWomen’sPropertyAct,therighttodivorce.BytheendofVictoria’sreign,womencouldtakedegreesattwelveuniversities.Butgeneralconditionsforwomenarestillpoor.
2.3HistoricalViews
Feminismisdifficulttodefinebecauseofthemanydifferentkindsoffeminisms,whichstillexisttoday.Feminismstartedaswomen’sstrugglefortheirpoliticalrights,andflourishedintheworldofliterature.Itwasencouraging,thrillingandenlighteningforatime,butitalsohadbeenfacedwithchallengesanddoubts.
Feminismfirstappeare