大学英语四级考试真题及答案Word格式.docx

大学英语四级考试真题及答案Word格式.docx

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　　Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.

　　Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

　　DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.

　　“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”

　　Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

　　That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

　　“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.

　　EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐赠）,meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.

“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”

　　*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

　　Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

　　Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.

　　Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel（突出）insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）.Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.

　　Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（选辑）ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.

1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.

A）offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaid

B）revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

C）increasingtheamountoffinancialaid

D）changingtheiradmissionprocesses

2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

A）Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.

B）Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.

C）Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.

D）Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.

3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.

A）improveteachingquality 

B）boosttheirenrollments

C）attractgoodstudents 

D）increasetheirrevenues

4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.

A）itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

B）itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements

C）it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents

D）it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.

A）moregovernmentfundingtocolleges

B）fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

C）theincreasingnumberoftopstudents

D）schools’improvedfinancialsituations

6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

A）Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.

B）Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.

C）Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.

D）Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.

7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

A）Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.

B）Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.

C）Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.

D）Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.

8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.

9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.

10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir______inaparticularartisticfield

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

11.A）Getsomesmallchange. 

B）Findashoppingcenter.

C）Cashacheckatabank. 

D）Findaparkingmeter.

12.A）Shoppingwithhisson. 

B）Buyingagiftforachild.

C）Promotinganewproduct. 

D）Bargainingwithasalesgirl.

13.A）Takingphotographs. 

B）Enhancingimages.

C）Mendingcameras. 

D）Paintingpictures.

14.A）HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.

B）Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.

C）HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.

D）Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.

15.A）Heisratherdisappointed 

B）Heishighlyambitious.

C）Hecan’tfaceuptothesituation 

D）Heknowshisownlimitation.

16.A）Shemusthavepaidalot　　

B）Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.

C）Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.

D）Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.

17.A）Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.

B）Hecanserveasthewoman’stutor.

C）Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.

D）Theprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive.

18. 

A）Indifferent. 

B）Doubtful. 

C）Pleased. 

D）Surprised.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.

A）Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.

B）Hehassignedupforadaycourse.

C）Hehastoworkduringtheday.

D）Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.

20.

A）Learnacomputerlanguage.

B）Learndataprocessing.

C）Buysomecomputersoftware.

D）Buyafewcoursebooks.

21.

A）Thursdayevening,from7:

00to9:

45.

B）FromSeptember1toNewYear’seve.

C）EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.

D）