英语语法精讲精练第2讲 现在完成时Word文件下载.docx
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如:
Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经做完家庭作业了。
Hehasjusthadhismeal.他刚吃过饭。
HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong?
你曾唱过这首英文歌吗?
Theyhaven'
tstartedyet.他们还没有动身。
Wehaveneverheardofit.我们从来没有听说过这件事。
(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
Ihavespentallofmymoney.(含义是:
现在我没有钱花了.)
Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:
现在仍然很虚弱)
Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含义是:
现在已在此地)
(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。
Ihaven'
tseenhimfortwoyears.但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。
要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive→beherebegin(start)→beon
die→bedeadcomeback→beback
leave→beawayfallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)
getup→beupgoout→beout
finish→beoverputon→wear或beon
open→beopenjoin→bein或beamemberof…
close→beclosedgotoschool→beastudent
borrow→keepbuy→have
catch(acold)→have(acold)gettoknow→know
begintostudy→studycometowork→work等
Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。
Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
注:
瞬间动词(即一个动作在瞬间便可完成,如buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for,since连用。
要改变动词
1.have代替buy
Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.
2.用keep或have代替borrow
Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.
3.用be替代become
Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?
4.用haveacold代替catchacold
Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.
5.用wear代替putonhaveputon→haveworn
6.用“be+形容词”代替瞬间动词
be+asleep代fall(get)asleep
havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback
havecome/goneout→havebeenout
haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open
havegotup→havebeenup;
have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy
havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…
(3)havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法
1.have(has)beenin意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。
2.have(has)beento意为“曾经去过某地”,表示现在已经不在那里了。
可与just,ever,never等连用。
I'
vejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。
MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。
3.have(has)beento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。
vebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。
Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
4.have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。
总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
—WhereisTom?
汤姆在哪里?
—Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。
现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
Haveyoureadthatstory?
你读过那个故事吗?
(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:
是否知道故事的内容。
)
Ihaveboughttwoapples.我买了两个苹果。
(“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:
拥有两个苹果。
动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化
cut(割)cutcut
let(让)letlet
put(放)putput
read(读)readread
become(变成)becamebecome
come(来)camecome
run(跑)ranrun
get(得到)gotgot
hold(抓住,举办)heldheld
sit(坐)satsat
win(赢)wonwon
meet(遇见)metmet
keep(保持)keptkept
sleep(睡)sleptslept
feel(感觉)feltfelt
smell(闻)smeltsmelt
leave(离开)leftleft
lend(借出)lentlent
spend(花费)spentspent
lose(丢失)lostlost
learn(学习)learntlearnt
catch(抓住)caughtcaught
teach(教)taughttaught
bring(带来)broughtbrought
buy(买)boughtbought
think(想)thoughtthought
hear(听见)heardheard
sell(卖)soldsold
tell(告诉)toldtold
say(说)saidsaid
find(找到)foundfound
have/has(有)hadhad
make(制造)mademade
stand(站)stoodstood
understand明白understoodunderstood
begin(开始)beganbegun
drink(喝)drankdrunk
sing(唱)sangsung
swim(游泳)swamswum
blow(吹)blewblown
draw(画)drewdrawn
fly(飞)flewflown
grow(生长)grewgrown
know(知道)knewknown
throw(投掷)threwthrown
show(出示)showedshown
break(打破)brokebroken
choose(选择)chosechosen
forget(忘记)forgotforgotten(forgot)
eat(吃)ateeaten
fall(落下)fellfallen
give(给)gavegiven
take(取)tooktaken
ride(骑)roderidden
write(写)wrotewritten
do(做)diddone
go(去)wentgone
see(看见)sawseen
wear(穿)woreworn
be(am,is,are)(是)was,werebeen
现在完成时练习题及答案
一、翻译下列句子:
你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4.他已经吃过午饭
5.你已经看过这部电影了吗?
6.我哥哥还没回来。
7.这本字典我已买了三年了。
8.他离开中国三年了。
9.我认识他们五年了。
10.他们已去了美国五年了。
11.自从他搬到济宁,他就住这儿了。
12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
13.自从2019年以来他们就认识。
14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。
二、用since和for填空
1.______twoyears2.____twoyearsago
3.___lastmonth4.______2019
5._______yesterday6._______4o’clock
74hours8._____anhourago
___wewerechildren
10._____lunchtime
11.____shelefthere
12.HehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.
13.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.
14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.
15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.
16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
①arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetosp
→beinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere
1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.
2)ImovedtotheUSAin2019.ItheUSAsince.
3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.
4)Theycameherelastweek.They___________heresince_____________.
②cometo/gobackto/returnto→bebacktogoout→beout
1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.
2)WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.
③become→be
1)Ibecameateacherin2019.I________________ateacherfor_________________.
2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver______________dirtyfor_______________.
④close→beclosedopen→beopen
1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_____________________for_________________.
2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beup;
die→bedead;
leavesp.→beawayfromsp.
fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep;
finish/end→beover;
marry→bemarried;
1)Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.
2)HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.
3)Mygrandpadiedin2019.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.
4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.
6)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.;
begin→beon
1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin2019.I________atthisschoolsince____.
2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.
⑦borrow→keep;
lose→nothave;
buy→have;
puton→wear
catch/getacold→haveacold;
gettoknow→know
1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.
2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apenfor_____________.
3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________himsince___________.
4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
HehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy
→bealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberoftheleague/theParty
→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy
1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2019.
He_________________a_________________fortwoyears.
He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.
He_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.
2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother_________a________for______________________.
Mybrother___________in___________fortwoyears.
四、划线提问
1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays.
_____________________________you____________________?
2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2019.
____________________________yourfather___________________?
3)Helefthereyesterday.
_________________he___________________?
4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.
_____________________they__________abook
五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。
A:
Where____________LiFei___________?
B:
He____________toHainanIsland.
Howlong___________he___________there?
He_____________thereforthreedays.
Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?
I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.
CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?
Sorry,I_________never___________there.
Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?
He_____________thereonlyonce.
六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。
1)WhereisJack?
He__________hiscountry.
2)David________theparkjustnow.
3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.
4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?
5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.
6)_____youever____America?
--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.
7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.
8)WhereisJim?
He_____thefarm.
9)When_____he_____?
He_______anhour