三维动画设计外文翻译文献.docx
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三维动画设计外文翻译文献
文献信息:
文献标题:
Aestheticsanddesigninthreedimensionalanimationprocess(三维动画过程中的美学与设计)
国外作者:
GokceKececiSekeroglu
文献出处:
《Procedia-SocialandBehavioralSciences》,2012,51(6):
812-817
字数统计:
英文2872单词,15380字符;中文4908汉字
外文文献:
Aestheticsanddesigninthreedimensionalanimationprocess
AbstractSincetheendofthe20thcentury,animationtechniqueshavebeenwidelyusedinproductions,advertisements,movies,commercials,credits,visualeffects,andsoon,andhavebecomeanindispensablepartofthecinemaandtelevision.Thefastgrowthoftechnologyanditsimpactonallproductionindustryhasenabledcomputer-generatedanimationtechniquestobecomevariedandwidespread.Computeranimationtechniquesnotonlysaveslabourandmoney,butitalsogivestheproducertheoptionofapplyingthetechniqueineithertwodimensional(2D)orthreedimensional(3D),dependingonthegiventimeframe,scenarioandcontent.Inthe21stcenturycinemaandtelevisionindustry,computeranimationshavebecomemoreimportantthanever.Imaginarycharactersorobjects,aswellaspeople,eventsandplacesthatareeitherdifficultorcostly,orevenimpossibletoshoot,cannowbeproducedandanimatedthroughcomputermodellingtechniques.Nowadays,severalsectorsarebenefitingfromthesespecialisedtechniques.Increaseddemandandapplicationareashaveputthequestionsofaestheticsanddesignintoperspective,henceintroducinganewpointofviewtotheapplicationprocess.Comingoutofnecessity,3Dcomputeranimationshaveaddedanewdimensiontothefieldofartanddesign,andtheyhavebroughtinthequestionofartisticandaestheticvalueinsuchdesigns.
Keywords:
threedimension,animation,aesthetics,graphics,design,film
1.Introduction
Centuriesago,ancientpeoplenotonlyexpressedthemselvesbypaintingstillimagesoncavesurfaces,buttheyalsoattemptedtoconveymotionregardingmomentsandeventsbypaintingimages,whichlaterhelpedestablishthenaturalcourseofeventsinhistory.Suchconcerncontributedgreatlytotheanimationandcinemahistory.
Firstexamplesofanimation,whichdatesbackapproximatelyfourcenturiesago,representsmilestonesinhistoryofcinema.EadweardJ.Muybridgetookseveralphotographswithmultiplecameras(Figure1)andassembledtheindividualimagesintoamotionpictureandinventedthemovieprojectorcalledZoopraxiscopeandwiththeprojectionheheldin1887hewasalsoregardedastheinventorofanearlymovieprojector.Inthataspect,FrenchmenLouisandAugusteLumièrebrothersareoftencreditedasinventingthefirstmotionpictureandthecreatorofcinematography(1895).
Figure1.EadweardJ.Muybridge’sfirstanimatedpicture
J.StuartBlacktonclearlyrecognisedthattheanimatedfilmcouldbeaviableaestheticandeconomicvehicleoutsidethecontextoforthodoxliveactioncinema.Inparticular,hismovietitledTheHauntedHotel(1907)includedimpressivesupernaturalsequences,andconvincedaudiencesandfinanciersalikethattheanimatedfilmhadunlimitedpotential.(Wells,1998:
14)
“Praxinoscope”-inventedbyFrenchmanCharles-ÉmileReynaud-isoneofthemotionpicturerelatedtoolswhichwasdevelopedandimprovedintime,andtheinventionisconsideredtobethebeginningofthehistoryofanimatedfilms,inthemodernsenseoftheword.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,animatedfilmsproducedthroughhand-drawnanimationtechniqueprovedverypopular,andtheworldhistorywasmarkedbythemostrecognisablecartooncharactersintheworldthatwereproducedthroughtheseanimations,suchasLittleNemo(1911),GertietheDinosaur(1914),TheSinkingoftheLusitania(1918),LittleRedRidingHood(1922),TheFourMusiciansofBremen(1922)MickeyMouse(1928),SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs(1937).
NaziregimeinGermanyleadstoseveralimportantanimationfilmproductions.WhenGoebbelscouldnolongerimportDisneymovies,hecommissionedallanimationstudiostodeveloptheatricalcartoons.Uponthis,HansFischerkoesenbegantoproduceanimationfilmsandbyendofthewar,heproducedoverathousandcartoons(Moritz,2003:
320).
Induecourse,animatedfilmsbecameincreasinglypopular,resultinginnewandsizablesectors,andtheadvancesintechnologymadeexpansionpossible.Fromthenon,thecomputer-generatedproductions,whichthrivedinthe1980's,snowballedintotheindispensablepartofthemoderndaytelevisionandcinema.
TheAmericananimatedmovieAladdingrossedover495milliondollarsworldwide,andrepresentedthesuccessoftheAmericananimationindustry,whichthenledtoanexpansionintoanimatedmovieswhichtargetedadults(Aydın,2010:
110).
JapanispossiblyjustasassertiveintheanimationfilmsasAmerica.FollowingthesuccessofthefirstJapaneseanimation(anime)calledTheWhiteSnakeEnchantress1958(Figure2)whichresultedin