英国文学简史刘炳善笔记Word文档下载推荐.docx

英国文学简史刘炳善笔记Word文档下载推荐.docx

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theDanishinvasion

KingAlfred:

theAnglo-SaxonChronicle

theNormanConquest:

MarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland\

2FeudalEngland

SocialfeaturesoftheFeudalEngland：

Twoclasses（landlordandpeasant）

Themiseriesofthepeasant：

BlackDeath

Theraisingof1381

3theRomance:

knight

Famousthree:

KingArthur

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight

Beowulf

Chapter4WilliamLangland

PiersThePlowman耕者皮尔斯:

apictureoffeudalEngland

theexposureoftherulingclasses

thestoryoftheCatandRats

themarriageofladyMeed

theconditionofthepeasants

thesearchfortruth

arepresentativeofthemostoppressedsectionofthepeasantry

Itiswrittenintheformofadreamvision

Usingsymbolism

Chapter5theEnglishBallads民谣

Oralliterature

Ballad:

isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.

TheRobinHoodBallad

Chapter6GeofferyChaucer

英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·

德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”

ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.

writingstyle:

wisdom,humor,humanity.

TheCanterburyTales>

坎特伯雷故事集：

firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’（双韵体）bymiddleEnglish

TroilusandCriseyde>

特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德

③<

TheHouseofFame>

声誉之宫

Part2：

TheEnglishRenaissance

Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.

Chapter1OldEnglandintransition

1thenewmonarchy

2thereformation

3theEnglishBible：

JohnWycliffe,translatedthefirstcompleteEnglishBile

AuthorizedVersion:

alsocalledKingJamesBible

4theenclosuremovement

5thecommercialexpansion

6thewarbetweenSpain：

itendedwiththerouteoftheSpanishfleet"

Armada"

7theRenaissanceandHumanism

Renaissance:

theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.

Humanism:

reflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass,whichsawtheworldopeningbeforeit.

ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:

1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology

2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion

3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture

Themostfamousdramatists:

ChristopherMarlowe

WilliamShakespeare

8WilliamCaxton:

thefirstEnglishprinter

Chapter2ThomasMore

OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists

Utopia乌托邦:

anidealcommunistsociety

Thomas:

1norevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanymovement

2stillretainsthefeaturesofclassexploitation

3hecouldneverfindatthattimethemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.

Chapter3thefloweringofEnglishliterature

1theflourishingofliterature

2SirPhilipSidney

Apoetandcriticpoetry

AstrophelandStella,Apologyforpoetry

WalterRaleigh:

DiscoveryofGuiana

3EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599

Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey

<

TheFaerieQueene>

仙后（forQueenElizabeth）

Itiswritteninaspecialverseformthatconsistsof8iambicpentameterlinesfollowedbya9lineof6iambicfeet（analexandrine）,withtherhymeschemeababbcbbc

Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfulloves”.

UsingSpenserianStanza

DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:

astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.

TheShepherdsCalendar>

牧人日历

ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.

Amoretti>

爱情小唱

4JohnLyly

"

gentlereader"

Euphues

5FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626

（哲学家、散文家；

在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；

近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。

）

ThefounderofEnglishmaterialist

ThefounderofmodernscienceinEnglish

Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.

Writingstyle:

brevity,compactness&

powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.

①<

TheAdvancementofLearning>

学术的推进

②<

Essays>

随笔（famousquotas:

Ofstudies>

ThethemeofOfStudies:

usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.

Chapter4Drama

ThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissancewasunquestionablyitsdrama

1themiracleplay

2themoralityplay

3theinterlude

4theclassicaldrama

5theLondontheatre

Chapter5ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595

“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama

（完善了无韵体诗。

Blankverse:

writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.

TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>

浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）

Tamburlaine>

帖木耳大帝 

③<

TheJewofMalta>

马耳他的犹太人

Significanceofhisplays:

1theheroesofhisplaysaregenerallydistinguishedbyaresolutecharacter,ascornoforthodoxcreeds,andanoverpoweringpassion.

2Thepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvictionoftheboundlesspossibilityofhumaneffortsinconqueringtheuniverse.

3thehero'

sindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruinstotheruintotheworldandsometimestothemselves.

Hisliteraryachievement:

1thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama

2reformedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks

3firstmadeblankverse.Hisblankversehasbeencalledas"

titanic"

4famousforhis"

mightyline"

.Itismightyandplastic

5pavethewayfortheShakespeare

Chapter6WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616

37plays

Historicalplays:

HenryVI;

HenryIV:

RichardIII;

HenryV；

RichardII；

HenryVIII

FourComedies:

AsYouLikeIt>

皆大欢喜;

TwelfthNight>

第十二夜;

AMidsummerNight’SDream>

仲夏夜之梦;

MerchantOfVenice>

威尼斯商人

③FourTragedies:

Hamlet>

哈姆莱特;

Othello>

奥赛罗;

KingLear>

李尔王;

Macbeth>

麦克白

④poems:

1venusandadonis

2ShakespeareSonnet:

154<

TheSonnets>

Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg

Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.

3therapeoflucrece

FeaturesofShakespeare'

sdrama:

1oneofthefounderofrealisminworldliterature

2oftenusedthemethodofadoption

3hislongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacquiredmakehimamasterhandforplaywriting.

4skilledinmanypoeticforms:

song,sonnet,couplet,dramaticblankverse

5agreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage

Chapter7BenJonson

ComedyofHumours>

Volpone,orthefox>

狐狸

EveryManinHisHumour

aprolificdramatist

Part3TheperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolution

Chapter1theEnglishrevolutionandtheRestoration

1theweakeningofthetiebetweenmonarchyandbourgeoisie

2theclashesbetweenthekingandparliament

3theoutburstoftheEnglishrevolution:

4thesplitwiththerevolutioncamp

5thebourgeoisdictatorshipandtherestoration

6thereligiouscloakoftheEnglishrevolution:

Alsocalledthepuritanrevolution.

Puritanismisthereligiousdoctrine

7literatureoftherevolutionperiod

Chapter2JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674

（诗人、政论家;

失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。

Epics:

ParadiseLost>

失乐园:

writteninblankverse

Inthepoemgodisnobetterthanadespot.Godiscruelandunjust.AdamandEveembodyMilton'

sbeliefinthepowersofman.

Thedescriptionofhell,Satanistherealheroofthepoem.SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.

ParadiseRegained>

复乐园

Dramaticpoem:

SamsonAgonistes>

力士参孙:

Apoeticaldrama.

Areopagitica>

论出版自由:

asadeclarationofpeople'

sfreedomofthepress,hasbeenaweaponinthelaterdemocraticrevolutionstruggles.

TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>

为英国人民声辩:

asthespokesmanoftherevolution.

④<

OnHisBlindness>

我的失明

Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.

ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestwhocanendurethesufferingbest.

Milton:

1hewasapoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewasamilitantpamphleteeroftheEnglishRevolution,andthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetin17thcentury

2wrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse

3hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Inparadiselost,heacquiresanabsolutemasteryoftheblankverse.

4heisagreatstylist,grandstyle.

5hissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.

Chapter3JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688

（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。

与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。

Puritanpoet（清教徒派诗人）

ReligionaryAllegory:

ThePilgrim’sProgress>

天路历程

Chapter4metaphysicalpoetsandCavalierpoets

BesidesMiltonandBunyan,otherpoetsandwriterswhoseworksexpressquitedifferentideasandsentiments.TheyarecalledmetaphysicalsbySamuelJohnson

1JohnDonne

theMet