高考英语阅读理解考点聚焦及例题讲解Word格式文档下载.docx
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二、应试技巧点拨
1、四个步骤
（1）速读短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。
（2）看题。
了解考查内容，带着问题读材料，寻找答案。
（3）复读。
对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。
（4）核查。
注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。
尽可能找到（从文中）根据，确保正确无误。
2、四个善于
（1）关于审题，找出文中依据。
（2）善于寻找线索。
（3）善于抓主题句，解决概括题。
（4）善于筛选、比较、衡量、综合文章的有用信息。
3、三个避免
（1）只见树木不见林。
（2）难题耗时太多。
（3）阅读方式不当。
三、精典范例
例1
（NMET
2001）
Shanghai:
Carrentals（出租）arebecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroads.Businesspeople,foreignersandfamiliesalikearemakinggooduseofthegrowingindustry.
ThefirstcarrentalfirmopenedinShanghaiin1992andnow12carrentalplayersareinthegame,withmorethan11,500carsintheirbooks.
Thelargestplayer—ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices—deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarebigfavorite.
Firmscanattractenoughcustomersfor70percentoftheircarseverymonth.ThisfigureshootsupduringholidayseasonslikeNationalDay,LaborDayandNewYear'
sDay,withsomerecording100percentrental.
Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees（白领雇员），whocanaffordthenewservice,saidZhuangYu,marketingmanagerofShanghaiAngelcarRentalCo.
（
）1.Thewords"
deluxesedans"
"
minivans"
and"
stationwagons"
usedinthetextreferto___________.
A.carsinthemaking
B.carrentalfirms
C.carsforrent
D.carmakers
）2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?
A.70%ofthecarscanberentedoutonholiday.
B.70%ofthecustomersarewhile-collaremployees.
C.Morefirmsareopenforserviceduringholidayseasons.
D.Somefirmsrentoutalltheircarsduringholidayseasons.
）3.Shanghai'
scarrentalindustryisgrowingsofastmainlydueto___________.
A.bettercarssuppliedbyproducers.
B.fastserviceofferedbycarrentalfirms.
C.theincreasingnumberofwhite-collaremplioyees.
D.people'
sgrowinginterestintravellingduringholidays.
解析：
1.C。
上文提到：
"
ShanghaiBashi旅游车租赁中心"
提供了广泛丰富的选择，可判断选择的内容为可供租赁的车型。
故选C。
2.D。
文中提到的数据70%为"
每月汽车租出量"
，故A、B都不正确。
Thisfigureshootsupduringholidayseasons…,withsomerecording100percentrental"
判断出D项陈述正确的，即"
一些公司在节假日里能够把汽车全部租出去。
3.C。
文章最后一段引用"
汽车租赁中心市场经理"
（ZhuangYu）的话解释了上海汽车租赁行车迅猛发展的原因根源于"
thegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees"
。
例2：
（2004年全国卷II）
RomehadtheForum.LondonhasSpeaker'
sCorner.Nowalways–on–
the-goNewYorkershaveLizandBill.
LizandBill,twocollegegraduatesintheirearly20s,havespentawholeyeartryingtohavethousandsofpeopletalktotheminsubwaystationsandonbusystreetcorners.Justtalk.
Usinga2-foot-tallsignthatsays,"
TalktoMe."
theyattractconversatio-nalists,whooneeveningincludedamentalpatient,andmeninbusinesssuits.
Theydon'
tcollectmoney.Theydon'
tpushreligion（宗教）.Sowhat'
sthepoint?
Toseewhathappens,saidLiz."
Wesimplyenjoylifewithopencommunication（交流）."
ShortlyaftertheSeptember11,2001attacks,theydecidedtowalkfromNewYorkCitytoWashington,a270-miletrip.Theyfoundtheylovedtalkingtopeoplealongthewayandwantedtocontinuetalkingwithstrangersaftertheirreturn.
Itstartedasacrazyidea,"
Lizsaid."
Weweresocuriousaboutallthestrangerswalkingbywiththeirlifestories.Peoplewilltalktousaboutanything:
theirjobs,theirclothes,theirchildhoodexperiences,anything."
Denisewantedtotalkaboutanexamshewasabouttotake.Shehadstoppedbyforthesecondtimeintwodays,toletthetwolistenersknowhowitwent.
Marciahadlostherhusbandtoaseriousdisease."
Thatwasveryheavyonmymind,"
Marciasaid."
Tobeabletotalkaboutittototalstrangerswasverygood,"
sheexplained.
Tocelebrateayearoftalking,thetwoheldaget-togetherinacityparkforallthepeopletheyhadmetoverthepastyear.Afewhundredpeopleshowedup,aswellassometelevisioncameramenandreporters.
Theymayplanmorepartiesortrytoattractmorepeopletojointheirinformaltalks.Somepublishershaveexpressedinterestinabook,somethingtheysaythey'
llconsider.
1.WhatdidLizandBillstartdoingafterSeptember2001?
A.Chattingwithpeople.
B.Settingupstreetsigns
C.Tellingstoriestostrangers
D.Organizingaspeaker'
scorner
2.Whattheyhavebeendoingcanbedescribedas
.
A.pointless
B.normal
C.crazy
D.successful
3.WhyareDeniseandMarciamentionedinthetext?
A.TheyknewLizandBillverywell.
B.Theyhappenedtomeetthewriterofthetext.
C.Theyorganizedtheget-togetherinthecitypark.
D.TheyareexamplesofthosewhotalkedtoLizandBill.
4.WhatwillLizandBilldointhefuture?
A.Goinforpublishing.
B.Domoretelevisionprograms.
C.Continuewhattheyaredoing.
D.Spendmoretimereadingbooks.
5.Howdotheyliketheyideaofwritingabook?
A.Theyhavedecidedtowaitayearortwo
B.Theywillthinkaboutitcarefully
C.Theyagreedimmediately
D.Theyfindithardtodothat
1.A。
本篇讲述了两个大学毕业生与陌生人交谈，倾听人们向他们倾述的互惠的活动。
文章从联想开始，简介LizandBill（这是两个人的名字，又是交谈与倾听活动的名称）做什么，怎样开始的，效果如何，未来打算等，其中等六段和第七段是插叙（从shortlyafter…到…experiences,anything.），讲述的就是两个年轻人怎样开始这一活动的。
故选A项；
开始与人聊天。
LizandBill活动很成功。
从倒数第二段可知：
为庆祝该活动一周所举办的聚会，有许多人参加，记者和摄影师都来了，说明很成功。
3.D。
Liz和Bill同许多人谈生活，倾听过许多人跟他们谈心，Denise和Marcia是其中的两人。
提到他们来做例子。
4.C。
最后一段的前一句说明他们还想吸引更多的人来加入这一活动，与他们聊天。
5.B。
本题问Liz和Bill怎么看待写本书这回事，全篇最后一句可知，但本句结构较复杂。
something是代词，是abook的同位语，"
they'
llconsider"
是定语从句，"
theysay"
起到插入语的作用。
全句可译为：
有些出版商表达了给Liz和Bill出本书的兴趣，Liz和Bill说他们会考虑这件事。
consider一词可解释为thinkaboutcarefully，"
something"
指出书写书。
故选B。
例3：
Myfirstreactionwasannoyance.ItwasFridayafternoon,andIwaswithinanhouroffinishingmyworkfortheweek.AsIwasleaving,anursebroughtmeonemorepatientmessage.Thestatementread:
"
Mrs.Jonescalledtosaythatshehashadblurredvision（视觉模糊）eversincehermedicaltestthismorning."
Ismiled.Suddenlyourtestswerecausingeyeproblems.
Thisweekmypatientshadquestionedeverything.MypatientwithhighbloodpressurehadstoppedcomingtohertreatmentontheadviceofanInternetchatroom.Awomanwhohadamentalproblemwassubstituting（用……代替）St.John'
swordforhermedication.NowMrs.Joneswasimaginingproblems.Irolledmyeyes.
Mysecondreactionwasworry.AsIlookedthroughherrecord,Itriedtofigureoutwhyshewouldhaveblurredvision,butnothinginherrecordexplainedthenewproblem.She'
sprobablyjustanxious,Ithought.Still,shewouldn'
thavecalledifshehadbeenallright.Ipickedupthephone.
WhatInextfeltcanonlybedescribedasdelight.BeforeImadethecall,thenurseranin:
Mrs.Jonescalled.Hervisionisfine.Turnsoutshepickedupthewrongglasseswhenshelefttheoffice.TheX-raytechnicianhasbeenhavingthesameproblem.Iletoutalaugh.Mrs.Joneshadbeenright.Hervisionhadbeenblurred.Nowweknowwhy.
FinallyIfeltshame.IcametorealizewhatMrs.Joneshadtaughtme.Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.Instead,mymedicaltraininghadcloudedmine.NowImeformyhelp.Theypaymetolisten,diagnose（诊断），treatandtalk.Thatsuggeststrust;
Imustrememberthat,andtrustthemtoo.
1.Thewritersmiledwhilereadingthepatientmessagebecauseheknew
.
A.Mrs.Joneswouldaskformoretests
B.thepatientwasbeingunreasonable
C.thenursewasjokingwithhim
D.Mrs.Joneswouldcallhim
2.WhathadcausedMrs.Jones'
eyeproblem?
A.Wrongglasses
B.Medicalcheckup.
C.Herownimagination
D.ChattingontheInternet
3.Theunderlinedwords"
cloudedherjudgment"
inthelastparagraphprobablymean
A.madeherlesstrustfultowardthedoctor
B.putherincontrolofherownfeelings
C.madeherlessabletothinkclearly
D.putherinadangeroussituation
1.B。
本篇讲一个医生要结束一周的工作时几分钟内的心理历程。
一周来，病人们不断怀疑或不信任自己，其中一个病人Mrs.Jones也来电话说上午看完病后眼睛看不清东西，医生先是烦躁，进而担心焦虑是否真的有问题或病人只是在想像，再而是高兴——Mrs.Jones只是戴错了眼镜，自己的诊断治疗没问题。
最后是惭愧，病人还是信任自己的，自己也必须信任病人。
文章第二段活用了许多过去完成时，说明这些事先发生，许多病人开始没道理地怀疑自己，现在又轮到Mrs.Jones。
所以医生知道这位病人有些没理性。
2.A。
第四段的前几句说明了Mrs.Jones视力正常，（下班）离开办公室时拿错了眼镜。
画线部分中cloud作动词用，是用云挡住的意思，整体画线部分应是"
影响了她的判断力，使她不能正常思考"
，本题可用代入法解决。
例4：
It'
snottheflashiestcarintheworld.Notevenclose.Butthe1971VolkswagennamedHelioscandosomethingmostcarscan'
t:
runonsolarenergy—energyfromthesun'
slightandhead!
JoshuaBechtold,14,andtheotherstudentsattheRiversideSchoolinLyndonville,Vermont,workedTheynamedtheircarafterHelios,thesungodinGreekmythology（神话）。
The4-year-oldTourdeSolencouragestheuseof"
green"
orenvironmen-tallyfriendly,carstohelpreducepollutionandsaveenengy.It'
snotarace.Carsarejudgedonfuelefficiency（耗油量）ratherthanspeed.Intheweek-longevent,44carstookthe350-miletourfromWaterbury,Connecticut,toLakeGeorge,NewYork.Ofthe23studentcars,Helioswastheonlyonebuiltbymiddleschoolstudents.
AteacherdroveHelios,butthechildrentalkedwithpeoplewherevertheystoppedalongtheroad."
Thatwasmyfavoritepart,"
saysAnnaBrowne,15."
Weexplainedhowthecarruns."
Dueinparttoold,inefficientbatteries（电池），Heliosfinishedfourth—outoffour—i
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