江苏省新沂市第二中学高三英语 专题复习 Unit 2 Language学案Word下载.docx

江苏省新沂市第二中学高三英语 专题复习 Unit 2 Language学案Word下载.docx

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official[əˈfiʃəl]adj.官方的,正式的

phrase[freiz]n.词组,短语

contribution 

[ˌkɔntriˈbju:

ʃən]n.贡献,促成因素；

捐款

*Norman[ˈnɔːmən]n.诺曼人adj.诺曼的;

诺曼人的

defeat[diˈfi:

t]vt.击败,战胜

takecontrolof控制,取得对……的控制

*theNormanConquest

[ˈkɔŋkwest]诺曼征服（诺曼人对英格兰人的军事征服）

leadto导致

replace[ri（:

）ˈpleis]vt替换,代替,取代

entire[inˈtaiə]a.全部的,整个的

servant[ˈsə:

vənt]n.仆人

raise[reiz]vt.养育,培养,举起,增加,提高,筹募,提及

therefore[ˈð

eəfɔ:

]ad.因此,所以

mutton[ˈmʌtn]n.羊肉

bacon[ˈbeikən]n.熏猪肉,咸猪肉

*plural[ˈpluərəl]adj.复数的

high-classadj.上层社会的

mothertongue母语,本国语

*theRenaissance[ˌriˈneisns]n.（欧洲）文艺复兴

*Latin[ˈlæ

tin]adj.拉丁语的

n.拉丁语

Greek[gri:

k]adj.希腊语的,希腊人的,希腊的n.希腊语,希腊人

process 

[ˈprəuses]n.过程；

进程

distinction[diˈstiŋkʃən]n.差别;

区别

spelling[ˈspeliŋ]n.拼写,拼法

accent[ˈæ

ksənt]n.口音,腔调,着重点

concern[kənˈsə:

n]n.关切；

忧虑

vt.涉及；

使…担心,对…感兴趣

ban[bæ

n]vt.&

n.禁止,取缔,禁令

pure[pjuə]adj.纯的,纯洁的,纯粹的

unique[ju:

ˈni:

k]a.独特的；

极不寻常的

access[ˈæ

kses]vt.进入,使用

n.通道,（使用的）机会,权利

character[ˈkæ

riktə]n.（书写或印刷）文字,角色;

符号,性格

bark[bɑ:

k]vi.（狗等）吠,叫n.吠声

racial[ˈreiʃəl]adj.种族的

gentle[ˈdʒentl]a.温柔的；

平和的

embarrass[imˈbæ

rəs]vt.使难堪,使尴尬

backwards[ˈbæ

kwədz]ad.向后 

a.向反方向的

conclusion 

[kənˈklu:

ʒən]n.结论,推论

custom[ˈkʌstəm]n.习惯,风俗,惯例

interrupt[ˌintəˈrʌpt]v.打断,插嘴,暂停

mistaken[misˈteikən]adj.错误的,误解的

ought[ɔ:

t]tomodalv.应当；

应该

differvi.相异,有区别

differfrom和…不同,不同于

alphabet[ˈæ

lfəbet]n.字母表,全部字母

standfor代表,象征

deed[di:

d]n.行为,行动

writing[ˈraitiŋ]n.文字,文学作品

hunt[hʌnt]n.&

v.打猎;

猎杀,搜寻

appearance[əˈpiərəns]n.出现；

外观,外貌

represent[ˌrepriˈzent]vt.代表；

展示,描绘

drawing 

[ˈdrɔ:

iŋ]n.绘画;

绘画艺术

simplify 

[ˈsimplifai]νt.简化

asawhole作为整体,总体上

combine 

[kəmˈbain]νt.&

νi.组合,（使）联合

distinguish[diˈstiŋgwiʃ]vt.区分,辨别；

使具有某种特征

indicate[ˈindikeit]vt.显示,表示,象征,暗示

shortcoming[ˈʃɔ:

tkʌmiŋ]n.短处,缺点

ink 

[iŋk]n.墨水,油墨

eyesight[ˈaisait]n.视力

press 

[pres]v.（被）压；

挤,推,施加压力

n.报刊,新闻界；

出版（通讯）社

wire[ˈwaiə]n.金属丝,铁丝网

convenient[kənˈvi:

niənt]a.方便的

battle[ˈbæ

tl]n.战役（斗）

pattern[ˈpæ

tən]n.图案,花纹,模式；

方式

drag[dræ

g]vt.拖,拉

practical[ˈpræ

ktikəl]a.实用的；

（切实）可行的

thus[ð

ʌs]ad.如此,以此方式；

因此,从而

typewriter[ˈtaipˌraitə]n.打字机

version 

[ˈvə:

ʃn]n.版本

把你没有记牢的挑出来，好好滴记住哦！

Englishanditshistory

Focus

Allthroughhistory,peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.

OldEnglish

OldEnglishisverydifferentfromtheEnglishwespeaknowadays.Infact,wewouldnotbeabletounderstanditifweheardittoday.Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury,peopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic.ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theAnglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.（BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheAngles;

thewordAnglewasspeltEngleinOldEnglish.）AsidefromplacenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofOldEnglish.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikings,peoplefromNorthernEuropeancountriessuchasDenmarkandNorway,begantomovetoBritain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages,whichalsomixedwithOldEnglish.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglishhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEngland.

WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimesfeelpuzzledaboutwhichwordsorphrasestouse.ThisisbecauseEnglishhasmanywordsandphrasesfromdifferentlanguages,butwithsimilarmeanings.Forexample,thewordsickcamefromawordonceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,whileillcamefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.

MiddleEnglish

MiddleEnglishisthenamegiventotheEnglishusedfromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.ManythingsplayedapartinthedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench-speakingpeop

lewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons'

victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguagedidborrowmanywordsfromFrench.Thisresultedinevenmorewordswithsimilarmeanings,suchasanswer（fromOldEnglish）andreply（fromOldFrench）.Itisinterestingtolearnhowthewordsforanimalsandmeatdeveloped.AftertheNormanConquest,manyEnglishpeopleworkedasservantswhoraisedanimals.Therefore,thewordsweusefo

rmostanimalsraisedforfood,suchascow,sheepandpig,camefromOldEnglish.However,thewordsforthemeatoftheseanimals,whichwasservedtotheNormans,camefromOldFrench:

beef,mutton,porkandbacon.

OldFrenchmadeothercontributionstoMiddleEnglishaswell.InOldEnglish,theGermanicwayofmakingwordspluralwasused.Forexample,theysaidhouseninsteadofhouses,andshoeninsteadofshoes.AftertheNormanstookcontrol,theybeganusingtheFrenchwayofmakingplurals,addingan-stohouseandshoe.OnlyafewwordskepttheirGermanicpluralforms,suchasman/menandchild/children.

AftertheNormanConquest,high-classpeoplespokeFrenchwhilecommonpeoplespokeEnglish.However,bythelatterhalfofthe14thcentury,EnglishhadcomeintowidespreaduseamongallclassesinEngland.In1399,HenryIVbecameKingofEngland.HismothertonguewasEnglish,andheusedEnglishfora

llofficialevents.

ModernEnglish

ModernEnglishappearedduringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury.Becauseofthis,ModernEnglishincludesmanyLatinandGreekwords.Pronunciationalsowentthroughhugechangesduringthisperiod.Ofcourse,thiswasnottheendofthechangesintheEnglishlanguage.ThequestionofwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.Itiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue,andpeoplewillkeepinventingnewwordsandnewwaysofsayingthings.

1.occupy

2.consist

3.contribution

Firstperiod

Listenandlearn:

Listentothewordlistandtrytolearnthewordsandphrasesbyheart.

◆Step1:

◆Step2:

Personalshow

●Task1:

Givethefollowingwords’Chinesemeaning

occupyvt.consistvi

nameaftercontribution 

n.

defeatvt.takecontrolof

leadtoreplacevt

raisevt.embarrassvt.

concernn.vt.differfrom

standforappearancen.

simplifyνt.asawhole

shortcomingn.versionn.

●Task2:

Translatethefollowingwords

n.过程；

进程n.差别；

区别

adj.纯的,纯洁的,纯粹的a.独特的；

vt.进入,使用n.通道,（使用的）机会,权利a.温柔的；

n.（书写或印刷）文字,角色;

符号,性格n.结论,推论

n.习惯,风俗,惯例adj.错误的,误解的

vt.代表；

展示,描绘νt.&

νi.组合,（使）联合

vt.显示,表示,象征,暗示a.方便的

a.实用的；

（切实）可行的ad.因此,所以

Step3:

TextreadingListentothetextandthenfinishthefollowingsentences

Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext

1.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrules_________（让人迷惑的）.

2.OldEnglish__________（包含）amixtureoftheirlanguages.

3._________（除了）placenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwords__________（成为的部分）OldEnglish.

4.WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimes_____________（感到迷惑）whichwordsorphrasestouse.

5.Manythings_______（起到作用）thedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.

6.________（尽管）theNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,Frenchdidnot______English______（取代…作为）thefirstlanguage.

7.OldFrench_____other________（对产生了促进作用）MiddleEnglishaswell.

8.__________（可以肯定的是）thatthisprocesswillcontinue,andpeoplewillkeepinventingnewwordsandnewwaysofsayingthings.

Task-basedreading阅读课文,完成下表。

注意：

一空一词

Periods

Time

Relevant1._______

Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury

PeopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic

Attheendofthe9thcentury

AstheVikingsinvadedBritainandbroughttheirlanguages,oldEnglishwas3._____.

Bythe10thcentury

OldEnglishwastheofficiallanguageofEngland.Thelanguagewas4.____upofanAnglo-SaxonbasepluswordsfromthelanguagesofDenmarkandNorway.

In1066

TheNormansconqueredEnglandand5.______thecountry.

During250years

Frenchhadan6.______onEnglish.

Bythelatterhalfofthe14thcentury

Englishwas7.____byallclassesinEngland.

In1399

HenryIVusedEnglishforallofficial8._____.

DuringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury

Pronunciation9._____hugechanges.

2.______

Peoplewillkeepinventingnewwordsandnewwaysof10.______things

Homework:

1.Readthetext2.Trytorecitethesentencesinstep3-Task1

Secondperiod

Step1:

Personalshow

Writedownthewordsaccordingtothedefinition

1.difficulttounderstand;

puzzling

2.bemadeupof

3.causesomethingtoexist

4.taketheplaceof

5.make（sth）easytodoorunderstand;

makesimple

6.liveinorhavepossessionof

7.helptocausesth

8.differenceorcontrastbetweenonepersonorthingandanother

9.joinormixtogethertoformawhole

10.showsth,especiallybypointin