中英文中英文文献翻译带传动设计Word格式文档下载.docx

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Amongthemethodsofmaterialconveyingquantity,beltconveyorsplayaveryimportantpartinthereliablecarryingofmaterialoverlongdistancesatcompetitivecost.Conveyorsystemshavebecomelargerandmorecomplexanddrivesystemshavealsobeengoingthroughaprocessofevolutionandwillcontinuetodoso.Nowadays,biggerbeltsrequiremorepowerandhavebroughttheneedforlargerindividualdrivesaswellasmultipledrivessuchas3drivesof750kWforonebelt（thisisthecasefortheconveyordrivesinChengzhuangMine）.Theabilitytocontroldriveaccelerationtorqueiscriticaltobeltconveyors'

performance.Aefficientdrivesystemshouldbeabletoprovidesmooth,softstartswhilemaintainingbelttensionswithinthespecifiedsafelimits.Forloadsharingonmultipledrives.torqueandspeedcontrolarealsoconsiderationsinthedrivesystem'

sdesign.Duetotheadvancesinconveyordrivecontroltechnology,atpresentmanymorereliable.Cost-effectiveandperformance-drivenconveyordrivesystemscoveringawiderangeofpowerareavailableforcustomers'

choices[1].

1tapetransportonconveyordrivetechnologies

1.1Thebelttransmissionmode

Full-voltagestarters.Withafull-voltagestarterdesign,theconveyor

headshaftisdirect-coupledtothemotorthroughthegeardrive.Direct

full-voltagestartersareadequateforrelativelylow-power,simple-Profileconveyors.Withdirectfull-voltagestarters.nocontrolisprovidedforvariousconveyorloadsand.dependingontheratiobetweenfull-andno-loadpowerrequirements,emptystartingtimescanbethreeorfourtimesfasterthanfullload.Themaintenance-freestartingsystemissimple,low-costandveryreliable.However,theycannotcontrolstartingtorqueandmaximumstalltorque;

therefore.theyarelimitedtothelow-power,simple-profileconveyorbeltdrives.

Reduced-voltagestarters.Asconveyorpowerrequirementsincrease,controllingtheappliedmotortorqueduringtheaccelerationperiodbecomesincreasinglyimportant.Becausemotortorqueisafunctionofvoltage,motorvoltagemustbecontrolled.Thiscanbeachievedthroughreduced-voltagestartersbyemployingasiliconcontrolledrectifier（SCR）.AcommonstartingmethodwithSCRreduced-voltagestartersistoapplylowvoltageinitiallytotakeupconveyorbeltslack.andthentoapplyatimedlinearrampuptofullvoltageandbeltspeed.However,thisstartingmethodwillnotproduceconstantconveyorbeltacceleration.Whenaccelerationiscomplete.theSCRs,whichcontroltheappliedvoltagetotheelectricmotor.arelockedinfullconduction,providingfull-linevoltagetothemotor.Motorswithhighertorqueandpull-vptorque,canprovidebetterstartingtorquewhencombinedwiththeSCRstarters,whichareavailableinsizesupto750KW.

Woundrotorinductionmotors.Woundrotorinductionmotorsare

connecteddirectlytothedrivesystemreducerandareamodifiedconfigurationofastandardACinductionmotor.Byinsertingresistanceinserieswiththemotor'

srotorwindings.themodifiedmotorcontrolSystemcontrolsmotortorque.Forconveyorstarting,resistanceisplacedinserieswiththerotorforlowinitialtorque.Astheconveyoraccelerates,theresistanceisreducedslowlytomaintainaconstantaccelerationtorque.Onmultiple-drivesystems.anexternalslipresistormaybeleftinserieswiththerotorwindingstoaidinloadsharing.themotorsystemshavearelativelysimpleadesign.However,thecontrolsystemsforthesecanbehighlycomplex,becausetheyarebasedoncomputercontroloftheresistanceswitching.Today,themajorityofcontrolsystemsarecustomdesignedtomeetaconveyorsystem'

sparticularspecifications.Woundrotormotorsareappropriateforsystemsrequiringmorethan400KW.

DCmotor.DCmotors.availablefromafractionofthousandsofKW，aredesignedtodeliverconstanttorquebelowbasespeedandconstantKWabovebasespeedtothemaximumallowablerevolutionsperminute（r/min）.withthemajorityofconveyordrives,a.DCshuntwoundmotorisused.Whereinthemotor'

srotatingarmatureisconnectedexternally.ThemostcommontechnologyforcontrollingDCdrivesisaSCRdevice.whichallowsforcontinualvariable-speedoperation.TheDCdrivesystemismechanicallysimple,butcanincludecomplexcustom-designedelectronicstomonitorandcontrolthecompletesystem.thissystemoptionisexpensiveincomparisontoothersoft-startsystems.butitisareliable,cost-effectivedriveinapplicationsinwhichtorque,loadsharingandvariablespeedareprimaryconsiderations.DCmotorsgenerallyareusedwithhigher-powerconveyors,includingcomplexprofileconveyorswithmultiple-drivesystems,boostertrippersystemsneedingbelttensioncontrolandconveyorsrequiringawidevariable-speedrange.

1.2Hydrokineticcoupling

Hydrokineticcouplings,commonlyreferredtoasfluidcouplings.arecomposedofthreebasicelements;

thedrivenimpeller,whichactsasa

centrifugalpump;

thedrivinghydraulicturbineknownastherunnerand

acasingthatenclosesthetwopowercomponents.Hydraulicfluidispumpedfromthedrivenimpellertothedrivingrunner,producingtorqueatthedrivenshaft.Becausecirculatinghydraulicfluidproducesthetorqueandspeed,nomechanicalconnectionisrequiredbetweenthedrivinganddrivershafts.Thepowerproducedbythiscouplingisbasedonthecirculatedfluid'

samountanddensityandthetorqueinproportiontoinputspeed.Becausethepumpingactionwithinthefluidcouplingdependsoncentrifugalforces.theoutputspeedislessthantheinputspeed.Referredtoasslip.thisnormallyisbetween1%and3%.BasichydrokineticcouplingsareavailableinconfigurationsfromfractionaltoseveralthousandKW.

Fixed-fillfluidcouplings.Fixed-fillfluidcouplingsarethemostcommonlyusedsoft-startdevicesforconveyorswithsimplerbeltprofilesandlimitedconvex/concavesections.Theyarerelativelysimple,low-cost,reliable,maintenancefreedevicesthatprovideexcellentsoftstartingresultstothemajorityofbeltconveyorsinusetoday.

Variable-filldraincouplings.Drainable-fluidcouplingsworkonthesameprincipleasfixed-fillcouplings.Thecoupling'

simpellersaremountedontheACmotorandtherunnersonthedrivenreducerhigh-speedshaft.Housingmountedtothedrivebaseenclosestheworkingcircuit.Thecoupling'

srotatingcasingcontainsbleed-offorificesthatcontinuallyallowfluidtoexittheworkingcircuitintoaseparatehydraulicreservoir.Oilfromthereservoirispumpedthroughaheatexchangertoasolenoid-operatedhydraulicvalvethatcontrolsthefillingofthefluidcoupling.Tocontrolthestartingtorqueofasingle-driveconveyorsystem,theACmotorcurrentmustbemonitoredtoprovidefeedbacktothesolenoidcontrolvalve.Variablefilldraincouplingsareusedinmediumtohigh-kwconveyorsystemsandareavailableinsizesuptothousandsofkw.Thedrivescanbemechanicallycomplexanddependingonthecontrolparameters.thesystemcanbeelectronicallyintricate.Thedrivesystemcostismediumtohigh,dependinguponsizespecified.

Hydrokineticscoopcontroldrive.Thescoopcontrolfluidcouplingconsistsofthethreestandardfluidcouplingcomponents:

adrivenimpeller,adrivingrunnerandacasingthatenclosestheworkingcircuit.Thecasingisfittedwithfixedorificesthatbleedapredeterminedamountoffluidintoareservoir.Whenthescooptubeisfullyextendedintothereservoir,thecouplingis100percentfilled.Thescooptube,extendingoutsidethefluidcoupling,ispositionedusinganelectricactuatortoengagethetubefromthefullyretractedtothefullyengagedposition.Thiscontrolprovidesreasonablysmoothaccelerationrates.tobutthecomputer-basedcontrolsystemisverycomplex.Scoopcontrolcouplingsareappliedonconveyorsrequiringsingleormultipledrivesfrom150KWto750KW.

1.3Variable-frequencycontrol（VFC）

Variablefrequencycontrolisalsooneofthedirectdrivemethods.theemphasizingdiscussionaboutithereisbecausethatithassouniquecharacteristicandsogoodperformancecomparedwithotherdrivingmethodsforbeltconveyor.VFCdevicesProvidevariablefrequencyandvoltagetotheinductionmotor,resultinginanexcellentstartingtorqueandaccelerationrateforbeltconveyordrives.VFCdrives.availablefromfractionaltoseveralthousand（kW），areelectroniccontrollersthatrectifyAClinepowertoDCand,throughaninverter,convertDCbacktoACwithfrequencyandvoltagecontrol.VFCdrivesadoptvectorcontrolordirecttorquecontrol（DTC）technology,andcanadoptdifferentoperatingspeedsaccordingtodifferentloads.VFCdrivescanmakestartingorstallingaccordingtoanygivenS-curvesrealizingtheautomatictrackforstartingorstallingcurves.VFCdrivesprovideexcellentspeedandtorquecontrolforstartingconveyorbelts.andcanalsobedesignedtoprovideloadsharingformultipledrives.easilyVFCcontrollersarefrequentlyinstalledonlower-poweredconvey-ordrives,butwhenusedattherangeofmedium-highvoltageinthepast.thestructureofVFCcontrollersbecomesverycomplicatedduetothelimitationofvoltageratingofpowersemiconductordevices,thecombinationofmedium-highvoltagedrivesandvariablespeedisoftensolvedwithlow-voltageinvertersusingstep-uptransformerattheoutput,orwithmultiplelow-voltageinvertersconnectedinseries.Three-levelvoltage-fedPWMconvertersystemsarerecentlyshowingincreasingpopularityformulti-megawattindustrialdriveapplicationsbecauseofeasyvoltagesharingbetweentheseriesdevicesandi叩rovedharmonicqualityattheoutputcomparedtotwo-levelconvertersystemsWithsimple