中考命题研究河北省中考英语 语法专题突破 专题一 名词Word下载.docx
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potato/banana/candy/pie
53
results/films/prizes/drawings
chance/practice/difference/experience
2011
prize/prizes/hobby/hobbies
48
advice/picture/idea/card
52
note/word/address/letter
名词单
复数
79
river→rivers
80
wish→wishes
81
foot→feet
85
festival—festivals
名词转换
82
science——scientist
play——players
分析河北近5年中考真题可以看出,名词为单项选择题的必考点,且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析,句子设置的语境贴近学生生活实际。
对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合,注重对语境的考查。
对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合,侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。
设题形式均为简单句,以两个单句为主,一个句子提供语境,另一个句子设题,词数在9~12个。
另外,完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查,完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析,而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的所有格的考查。
预计2016年河北中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题,且与语境紧密结合。
完形填空也会涉及2~3道名词词义辨析题,且与上下文语境相结合。
词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。
河北中考重难点突破
名词
名词辨析
【考点抢测】
( )1.IfPetercomestousbyanychance,pleaseaskhimtoleavea________.
A.letter B.sentence
C.messageD.notice
( )2.(2015石家庄42中模拟)IfyougotovisitLondon,don'
tforgettobringyour________.Becauseitrainsalot.
A.passportB.money
C.mapD.umbrella
( )3.(2015石家庄28中模拟)It'
syour________asateachertoprotectyourstudents.
A.dutyB.hobby
C.habitD.manner
( )4.Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeverydayandsheisalwaysfullof________.
A.knowledgeB.energy
C.changeD.courage
( )5.It'
sagood________tohavebreakfasteverymorning.
A.habitB.job
C.menuD.skill
( )6.Iwanttowriteforinternational________tobecomeawriter.
A.chairsB.computers
C.doorsD.magazines
( )7.TheInternetisveryuseful.Wecangetalotof________fromit.
A.thingsB.troubles
C.questionsD.information
( )8.LinShuhaoisoneofthebestbasketball________inNBA.
A.actorsB.players
C.waitersD.writers
( )9.Pleasepickmeupatthe________.Myplanearrivesat8:
00a.m.
A.hotelB.airport
C.museumD.theatre
( )10.(2015保定17中模拟)Iwillstayat______whenthesummerholidaycome.
A.houseB.home
C.familyD.flat
( )11.It'
skindofyoutoofferyour________totheoldinthebus.
A.seatB.space
C.placeD.room
( )12.(2015张家口9中模拟)Nowtherearemoreandmorenewdrivers,buttheyhaven'
tgotacorrect________ofdirection.
A.ideaB.feeling
C.experienceD.sense
【满分点拨】
分析河北中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查,主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。
1.语境辨析
分析河北中考近几年单选和完形,名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查,同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。
学生在做题时,首先应读懂句意,抓住题干中关键信息,并分析各个选项的意思,结合日常生活的常识及语境,即可选出正确答案。
学生可结合河北试题研究话题词汇分类速记表中常见名词基本词义,并背诵教材中常见的固定搭配。
2.近义词辨析
近义名词在河北中考中没有涉及,老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词适当补充。
1.family,home,house与room
2.noise,sound与voice
3.question与problem
4.work与job
5.message,information与news
6.village,city与countryside
7.clothes,cloth与clothing
8.photo,picture与drawing
9.population与people
10.road,street,path与way
11.exercise,exercises与practice
12.class与lesson
13.country,nation,state与land
14.police与policeman
15.trip,journey,travel与tour
名词的数
一、词语运用
1.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'
sfarmandsawmany________there.
2.Allthe________teachersinourschoolenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8thbecauseitwastheirownholiday.
3.I'
mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysomemilkand________thisafternoon.
4.Isthatpairof________alittlecheaper?
5.Theseshoesaretoobigformy________.
二、单项选择
( )6.(2015唐山友谊中学模拟)Hurryup,wejustgetafew________toprepareforthepresentation.
A.minute B.minutes
C.chanceD.chances
( )7.Igaveabunch(束)of________tomymomonMother'
sDay.
A.flowersB.flower
C.flourD.flours
( )8.(2015保定13中模拟)—Mom,I'
veheardthatwecan'
teat________thesedays.Isittrue?
—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.
A.chickenB.chickens
C.achickenD.thechicken
( )9.—Arethereany________inyourschool?
—Yes,thereare.
A.GermenB.Germans
C.GermanD.Germany
( )10.—Doyouhaveany________?
—Yes,Ilikechessanddramabest.
A.jobsB.job
C.hobbyD.hobbies
1.名词的分类
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词
Alice,Canada,theGreatWall
普通名词
可
数
名
词
个体名词
表示个体的人或事物的词
book,desk,table,bike,plane
集体名词
表示一群人或一些事物的词
family,class,police,team,group
不
物质名词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
glass,water,air,paper,wood
抽象名词
表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词
danger,health,love,success,interest
2.可数名词单复数变化规律
情况
构成方法
一般情况
加s
cap→caps;
dog→dogs;
bike→bikes;
driver→drivers
以字母s,sh,ch,x等结尾
加es
bus→buses;
wish→wishes;
watch→watches;
box→boxes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i,再加es
lady→ladies;
century→centuries;
family→families;
story→stories
以f或fe结尾
一般变f,fe为v,再加es
leaf→leaves;
life→lives;
half→halves;
knife→knives
以o结尾
o前为辅音音素时加es,o前为元音音素时加s
tomato→tomatoes;
hero→heroes;
potato→potatoes;
radio→radios;
zoo→zoos;
例外,photo→photos;
piano→pianos
复合名词
将后一个词变为复数
toothbrush→toothbrushes;
filmgoer→filmgoers
两部分都变复数
mandoctor→mendoctors;
womanteacher→womenteachers
特殊名词
改变内部元音字母
foot→feet;
tooth→teeth;
man→men;
mouse→mice
词尾加ren
child→children
单复数同形
Chinese→Chinese;
sheep→sheep;
deer→deer
注意:
(1)由man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是把man改成men。
但German不是合成词,故其复数形式为直接加s。
(2)man和woman作定语时,其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。
如:
amanteacher→menteachers(男老师)
awomancook→womencooks(女厨师)
3.常见不可数名词归纳及用法
(1)常见的不可数名词
物质
食物
bread面包 meat肉 cheese奶酪
液体
milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 oil油
自然物体
soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头
抽象
情感
joy高兴 friendship友情 peace和平
学科
math数学 geography地理
physics物理 chemistry化学
概念
population人口 knowledge知识
(2)不可数名词量化的表示
不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示:
ablockof一块 abottleof一瓶
agroupof一群apairof一组,一双,一对
apieceof一片(张,块) apileof一堆
短语apair(piece)of+复数名词作主语时,中心词是pair(piece)(pieces),故谓语动词用单数;
若短语是twopairs(pieces)of+复数名词作主语,则中心词是twopairs(pieces),谓语动词用复数。
(3)可数与不可数易混归纳
exercise(锻炼)→someexercises(练习,训练)
work(工作)→works(著作)
glass(玻璃)→aglass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸)→apaper(报纸,证件,试卷)
wood(木头,木材)→awood(小树林)
room(空间)→aroom(房间)
life(生活)→sevenlives(七条生命)
名词所有格
1.Oneofmy________homeworkwasn'
thandedintoday.(classmate)
2.—Whenis________Day?
—It'
sonJune1st,Dave.(child)
( )3.—Howfarisyourhomefromschool?
sabouttwo________walk.
A.hours B.hours'
C.hour'
s D.hour
( )4.(2015石家庄41中模拟)Ontheweekend,________issocrowdedthatIcannotfindmyfriend.
A.thecenterofthecity
B.city'
scenter
C.city'
sandcenter'
s
D.cities'
( )5.(2015石家庄28中模拟)Maryis________,sopleasetreatherasyours.
A.afriendofme B.afriendofmine
C.afriendofyou D.afriendofyours
含有and的所有格
用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物,这时只在最后一个名词后加'
s,用AandB'
s表示。
Mrs.KingisLucyandLily'
smother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母亲。
用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加'
s,用A'
sandB'
ThereareTom'
sandMary'
sbags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。
双重所有格两种形式:
of+名词所有格。
Heisafriendofmybrother'
s.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
of+名词性物主代词。
Issheadaughterofyours?
她是你的一个女儿吗?
河北中考考点精练
( )1.(2015德州中考)TheNewYorkTimesisapopulardaily________.
A.dictionary B.magazine
C.newspaperD.guidebook
( )2.(2015广安中考)—Howmany________canyouseeinthepicture?
—Two.
A.dogB.child
C.sheepsD.sheep
( )3.(2015凉山中考)—________fathersdidn'
tcometothemeeting.Why?
—BecausetheyhavegonetoBeijing.
A.Jeff'
sandAmy'
sB.JeffandAmy
C.Jeff'
sandAmyD.JeffandAmy'
( )4.(2015温州中考)Anniehasa________,andsheisgoingtoseeherdentisttoday.
A.coldB.fever
C.coughD.toothache
( )5.(2015重庆中考A卷)Davereallylikesdriving.Ithinkbeinga________isjustrightforhim.
A.doctorB.teacher
C.farmerD.driver
( )6.(2015临沂中考)Ilivenearthestation.It'
sonlyaboutfive________walk.
A.minute'
sB.minute
C.minutes'
D.minutes
( )7.(2015天津中考)In1998,LiuXiang'
s________inhurdlingwasnoticedbySunHaiping.
A.abilityB.trade
C.electricityD.memory
( )8.(2015承德2中模拟)—Areallthestudentsfrom________inyourclass?
—No,thereareonly3________inourclass.Theothersarefromothercountries.
A.Germany;
Germen
B.Germany;
Germans
C.German;
D.German;
Germany
( )9.(2015武威中考)Hehasacollectionof________.Hecannotonlyenjoythembutalsousethemtomailletters.
A.stampsB.novels
C.instrumentsD.magazines
( )10.(2015兰州中考)Youpaid¥10for________thismorning.
A.4bottlemilks
B.4bottlesofmilk
C.4bottlesofmilks
D.4milk
( )11.(2015邯郸25中模拟)Noneofthemtalked.Theyfinishedtheirmealin________.
A.silenceB.order
C.placeD.public
( )12.(2015保定8中模拟)—What'
syourfavorite,Jim?
—Myfavoriteis________.IoftenlistentoitonMP3.
A.sportsB.dance
C.scienceD.music
( )13.(2015河南中考)—IsthisphototakeninTibet?
—Yes.Youcanseebeautifulsnowmountaininthe________ofthephoto.
A.formB.background
C.shapeD.instruction
( )14.(2015邢台金华中学模拟)Nowadaysschoolsshouldcareforthefull________ofastudent'
stalents.
A.satisfactionB.development
C.communicationD.preparation
( )15.(2015济南中考)I'
malittlehungrynow.Ionlydranksome________beforeIcametoschool.
A.breadB.milk
C.bananaD.noodle
( )16.(2015宁夏中考)—Listen!
Whoissinging?
sBetty.Shehasasweet________.
A.soundB.voice
C.noiseD.speech
( )17.(2015石家庄40中模拟)Therearefifty________inourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.
A.womanteachersB.womenteacher
C.womanteacherD.womenteachers
( )18.(2015张家口9中模拟)—Youlooksoyoung!
Howoldareyou?
—Aha!
It'
sa________.
A.