The 100 American People You Should KnowWord文档格式.docx

The 100 American People You Should KnowWord文档格式.docx

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7.TheIncredibleKobeBryant

8.TheLegendofD.B.Cooper

9.O.J.Simpson:

AmericanHeroandVillain

10.TheCaseyAnthonyCase

11.TheControversialMichaelJackson

12.TheWorldFamousMickeyMouse

13.BreakingtheColorLine-JackieRobinson

14.TonyaHardingandNancyKerrigan

15.JaneFonda:

AmericanPatriotorTraitor?

16.TheControversialBarryBonds

17.MikeTysonBoxingChamp

18.PresidentBarackObama

19.YaoMing:

BiggerthanLife

20.TheIncredibleLifeofOprahWinfrey

21.TheGreatestPresident:

AbrahamLincoln

22.TheInfamousJeffreyDahmer

23.TheAmazingCarlSagan

24.TheBeautifulandTalentedBeyonceKnowles

25.Dr.Death:

JackKevorkian

26.TheAmeliaEarhartMystery

27.TheLegendofCharlesLindbergh

28.SusanB.Anthony:

TheFirstWomen’sRightsActivist

29.BillClinton:

TheMostPopularModernAmericanPresident

30.ForrestGump:

AnAmericanFilmLegend

31.LanceArmstrong:

AmericanHero,orVillain?

32.ThomasJeffersonandtheDeclarationofIndependence

33.RussellCrowe:

AGreatHollywoodLeadingMan

34.ArnoldSchwarzenegger

35.TheIrreplaceableJohnnyDepp

36.TheDonaldSterlingControversy

37.TheIrrepressibleMagicJohnson

38.PhilJackson:

WinningatallLevels

39.TheControversialJerrySpringer

40.TheWrightBrothers:

TheFathersofAviation

41.ATrueAmericanChampion:

MuhammadAli

42.JesseOwens:

TheManWhoDefiedHitler

43.NeilArmstrong:

TheManwhoWalkedontheMoon

44.BillieJeanKing:

WinneroftheBattleoftheSexes

45.Madonna:

AMusicalLegend

46.TigerWoods:

AGreatAmericanGolfChampion

47.TheGreatAmericanAuthor-MarkTwain

48.ChristopherReeve:

AReal-LifeSuperman

49.RichardMilhousNixon

50.TheRemarkableActorClintEastwood

51.MichaelMoore:

ExposingtheTruth

52.Mr.Liberal:

BillMaher

（Tobecontinued）

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TheremaybenogreaterAmericanthatGeorgeWashington.WashingtonbecamethefirstUnitedStatespresidentin1789withhisunanimousvictoryinthefirstAmericanelection.Hewasalsounanimouslyelectedtoasecondtermin1793,theonlypresidentevertogarner100percentoftheelectoralvotes.WashingtonwasalsotheCommander-in-ChiefoftheFirstContinentalArmythatfoughttheBritishwhenthecountrywasnotyetestablished.Hisepic"

CrossingoftheDelaware"

rivertorecoverNewYorkCityisstillconsideredoneofthegreatestmilitarymovesinthehistoryofwarfare.

Atthetimeofthecrossing,theBritishhadtakenBoston,andNewYork.TheContinentalArmywasontherun,disorganized,andneardefeat,butWashingtonhadaplan.HedecidedtotakehistroopsacrosstheDelawareRiverinthemiddleofwinter.Thiswasamovethatmanymilitarymindsthoughtimpossible,butnotWashington.TheAmericanswereabletotakeNewJersey,andchangethecourseofthewar.AnotherlandmarkmomentforWashingtonwasthewinteratValleyForge.

In1777,Washingtonledanarmyofmorethan11,000troopsintoValleyForge,inPennsylvania.There,thearmysufferedthroughacoldwinterthatclaimedthelivesof3,000men.Whenspringarrived,insteadofademoralized,beatengroupofsoldiers,thearmyemergesbattleready,andabletocontinuethefightagainsttheEnglishinNewYork.Thearmywasabletosurvivethefiercewinterbecauseofthetraining,andpreparednessofWashington'

sofficers.Washingtonearnedthenickname,"

TheFatherofHisCountry,"

becauseofhismilitaryintelligence,andhisconcernforthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.

HenryFordwasanAmericaninventorwhoiscreditedwithinventingtheautomobileassemblyline.Germanautomaker,KarlBenz,iscreditedwithinventingthefirstmotorvehicleinthelate1880s,butFordisthemanwhomadeitpossibleforeverydaycitizenstoownone.BeforeFordcameupwithhisassemblylineprocess,carswerebuiltoneatatimebyhand,whichwasaverycostlyandinefficientmethodofproduction.Ford'

sassemblylinerevolutionizedthewaycarswerebuilt,andhismethodsarestillinusetoday.

In1886,BenzpatentedhisMotorwagen,whichwasafour-wheel,two-passenger,self-poweredmotorcoachthatwasdesignedtoreplacethehorseandcarriage.Thesevehicleswereexpertlycrafted,butwereavailabletoonlythewealthiestpeopleofthetime.ThankstoFord,thatallchangedin1906.HisFordMotorCompanywasthefirstautomobilecompanytouseassemblylinetechniquestobuildacar.Hismethodstransformedtheautomobilefromanexpensivecuriosity,toapracticaltoolthatcouldbeusedtotransportpeopleandgoodseasilyandefficiently.Hisfirstmass-producedproductwastheModelT.Itremainsoneofthemostsoldvehiclesever,andwasthefirsttoreach15millionsales.

Ford'

simpactonthe20thCenturycannotbeunderstated.Atonetimeitwasestimatedthatnineoutof10vehiclesonAmericanroadswereFords.HiscarsspurredtheAmericaneconomylikenoothersinglefactor.Thecountry'

sroadwayswerebuiltinresponsetothegreatnumberofvehiclesFord,andsubsequentAmericanautomakersproduced.Additionally,Ford'

svehiclescreatedanetworkofsupportindustriessuchasparts,repairandmaintenanceservices.Italsocausedarevolutioninhowgoodsweretransportedinthecountry.HenryFordwasatrueAmericanicon.

MartinLutherKingJr.isoneofthemostfamousAmericansever.Hewasapastor,andhumanitarian,butisknownmostlyforbeingacivilrightsactivist.KingwastheleaderoftheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovementduringthe1950sand60s.Hisuseofnon-violentprotesttoaffectsocialchangewasbasedonhisChristianbeliefs.KingwasbornMichaelKing,buthisfatherchangedhisnameinhonoroftheGermanreformer,MartinLuther.

KinglivedduringthemostdivisiveerainAmericanhistory.Thewhite,southerncultureintheUnitedStateswantednothingtodowithsocialchangeduringthe60s.SegregationlawswereinplacethatprohibitedblackAmericansfromeatingatthesamerestaurantsaswhites,ortorideinthesamesectiononpublicbuseswithwhiteAmericans.Kingledthefamous1955MontgomeryBusBoycottinreactiontoRosaPark'

srefusaltosurrenderherbusseattoawhitepassengeraswasrequiredbylawinMontgomery,Alabamaatthetime.

KingstartedhisactivismwhileservingasaBaptistministerfortheDexterAvenueBaptistChurch.HebelievedstronglyintheChristianbelief,lovingthyneighborasyourself,whichisaphilosophyheusedthroughouthiscivilrightsyears.Hewasalsoagreatspeaker.His"

IhaveaDream"

speechisregardedasoneofthemostfamousoratoryinAmericanhistory.Init,hespeaksofhowhisdreamisforwhiteandblackAmericantowalktogether,hand-in-handasbrothers.ThespeechalsodeclareshowitwashisdreamforallAmericanstobejudged,notbythecoloroftheirskin,butbythecontentoftheircharacter.

OnOctober14,1964,KingwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizeforhisinvolvementincombatingracialinequalityintheUnitedStates.KingwasassassinatedinApril1968,inMemphis,Tennesseeattheageof39.

BillGatesisanAmericaninventor,computerprogrammer,philanthropist,andbusinessmanborninSeattle,Washington.Heisreportedlyworthnearly$80billion,makinghimoneofthewealthiestpeopleinthecountry.Heformed,andwasheadofMicrosoftCorporationforseveralyears,andisstillontheboardforthecomputersoftwaregiant.

Gateswasborntoanupper-middleclassfamily.Hisfatherwasanattorney,whilehismotherwasabanker,andworkedfortheUnitedWayformanyyears.Heiscreditedforbeingthefatherofthemoderncomputer,andforalmostsingle-handedlystartingthepersonalcomputerrevolution.HestudiedatHarvardUniversity,butdidnotgraduatebecauseofhisdesiretodevelopnewsoftware.

Asa13-year-oldstudentattheLakesideSchool,whichwasanexclusivecollegepreparatoryschool,Gateswasintroducedtocomputerprogramming.Thatyearhedevelopedaprogramthatalloweduserstoplaytic-tac-toeagainstthecomputer.Gateswasreportedlyfascinatedbythecomputer'

sabilitytoreproducesoftwarecodeperfectly.In1975,GatesapproachedacompanycalledMicroInstrumentationandTelemetrySystems（MITS）.Heconvincedtheownerthathehadwrittenaprogramthatwouldworkwithhisplatform.TheownerofthecompanyboughtintoGatesinnovations,andthetwomenreachedanagreementtodevelopsoftwareforMITS.TheMicrosoftCompanywasborn.

GateswentontodeveloptheWindowsoperatingsystemwiththenpartnerIBMCorporation.Thetwocompanieshaddifferencesthough,andtheirpartnershipendedquickly.GatesleftMicrosoftin2000,butremainsonitsboardofdirectors.HeremainedactivewiththecompanyforseveralyearsbeforesteppingdowninFebruary2014,becomingTechnicalAdvisorforthefirm.

ManyAmericanbasketballfanswouldarguethatMichaelJordanisbyfarthegreatestplayerevertoplayintheNationalBasketballAssociation.Theprofessionalbasketballleaguehasexistedsince1947,andtherehavebeenmanyindividualplayersthathaveexcelledinthegame.PlayerssuchasBillRussell,WiltChamberlain,KareemAbdulJ