The 100 American People You Should KnowWord文档格式.docx
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7.TheIncredibleKobeBryant
8.TheLegendofD.B.Cooper
9.O.J.Simpson:
AmericanHeroandVillain
10.TheCaseyAnthonyCase
11.TheControversialMichaelJackson
12.TheWorldFamousMickeyMouse
13.BreakingtheColorLine-JackieRobinson
14.TonyaHardingandNancyKerrigan
15.JaneFonda:
AmericanPatriotorTraitor?
16.TheControversialBarryBonds
17.MikeTysonBoxingChamp
18.PresidentBarackObama
19.YaoMing:
BiggerthanLife
20.TheIncredibleLifeofOprahWinfrey
21.TheGreatestPresident:
AbrahamLincoln
22.TheInfamousJeffreyDahmer
23.TheAmazingCarlSagan
24.TheBeautifulandTalentedBeyonceKnowles
25.Dr.Death:
JackKevorkian
26.TheAmeliaEarhartMystery
27.TheLegendofCharlesLindbergh
28.SusanB.Anthony:
TheFirstWomen’sRightsActivist
29.BillClinton:
TheMostPopularModernAmericanPresident
30.ForrestGump:
AnAmericanFilmLegend
31.LanceArmstrong:
AmericanHero,orVillain?
32.ThomasJeffersonandtheDeclarationofIndependence
33.RussellCrowe:
AGreatHollywoodLeadingMan
34.ArnoldSchwarzenegger
35.TheIrreplaceableJohnnyDepp
36.TheDonaldSterlingControversy
37.TheIrrepressibleMagicJohnson
38.PhilJackson:
WinningatallLevels
39.TheControversialJerrySpringer
40.TheWrightBrothers:
TheFathersofAviation
41.ATrueAmericanChampion:
MuhammadAli
42.JesseOwens:
TheManWhoDefiedHitler
43.NeilArmstrong:
TheManwhoWalkedontheMoon
44.BillieJeanKing:
WinneroftheBattleoftheSexes
45.Madonna:
AMusicalLegend
46.TigerWoods:
AGreatAmericanGolfChampion
47.TheGreatAmericanAuthor-MarkTwain
48.ChristopherReeve:
AReal-LifeSuperman
49.RichardMilhousNixon
50.TheRemarkableActorClintEastwood
51.MichaelMoore:
ExposingtheTruth
52.Mr.Liberal:
BillMaher
(Tobecontinued)
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2014.Allrightsreserved.
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TheremaybenogreaterAmericanthatGeorgeWashington.WashingtonbecamethefirstUnitedStatespresidentin1789withhisunanimousvictoryinthefirstAmericanelection.Hewasalsounanimouslyelectedtoasecondtermin1793,theonlypresidentevertogarner100percentoftheelectoralvotes.WashingtonwasalsotheCommander-in-ChiefoftheFirstContinentalArmythatfoughttheBritishwhenthecountrywasnotyetestablished.Hisepic"
CrossingoftheDelaware"
rivertorecoverNewYorkCityisstillconsideredoneofthegreatestmilitarymovesinthehistoryofwarfare.
Atthetimeofthecrossing,theBritishhadtakenBoston,andNewYork.TheContinentalArmywasontherun,disorganized,andneardefeat,butWashingtonhadaplan.HedecidedtotakehistroopsacrosstheDelawareRiverinthemiddleofwinter.Thiswasamovethatmanymilitarymindsthoughtimpossible,butnotWashington.TheAmericanswereabletotakeNewJersey,andchangethecourseofthewar.AnotherlandmarkmomentforWashingtonwasthewinteratValleyForge.
In1777,Washingtonledanarmyofmorethan11,000troopsintoValleyForge,inPennsylvania.There,thearmysufferedthroughacoldwinterthatclaimedthelivesof3,000men.Whenspringarrived,insteadofademoralized,beatengroupofsoldiers,thearmyemergesbattleready,andabletocontinuethefightagainsttheEnglishinNewYork.Thearmywasabletosurvivethefiercewinterbecauseofthetraining,andpreparednessofWashington'
sofficers.Washingtonearnedthenickname,"
TheFatherofHisCountry,"
becauseofhismilitaryintelligence,andhisconcernforthepeopleoftheUnitedStates.
HenryFordwasanAmericaninventorwhoiscreditedwithinventingtheautomobileassemblyline.Germanautomaker,KarlBenz,iscreditedwithinventingthefirstmotorvehicleinthelate1880s,butFordisthemanwhomadeitpossibleforeverydaycitizenstoownone.BeforeFordcameupwithhisassemblylineprocess,carswerebuiltoneatatimebyhand,whichwasaverycostlyandinefficientmethodofproduction.Ford'
sassemblylinerevolutionizedthewaycarswerebuilt,andhismethodsarestillinusetoday.
In1886,BenzpatentedhisMotorwagen,whichwasafour-wheel,two-passenger,self-poweredmotorcoachthatwasdesignedtoreplacethehorseandcarriage.Thesevehicleswereexpertlycrafted,butwereavailabletoonlythewealthiestpeopleofthetime.ThankstoFord,thatallchangedin1906.HisFordMotorCompanywasthefirstautomobilecompanytouseassemblylinetechniquestobuildacar.Hismethodstransformedtheautomobilefromanexpensivecuriosity,toapracticaltoolthatcouldbeusedtotransportpeopleandgoodseasilyandefficiently.Hisfirstmass-producedproductwastheModelT.Itremainsoneofthemostsoldvehiclesever,andwasthefirsttoreach15millionsales.
Ford'
simpactonthe20thCenturycannotbeunderstated.Atonetimeitwasestimatedthatnineoutof10vehiclesonAmericanroadswereFords.HiscarsspurredtheAmericaneconomylikenoothersinglefactor.Thecountry'
sroadwayswerebuiltinresponsetothegreatnumberofvehiclesFord,andsubsequentAmericanautomakersproduced.Additionally,Ford'
svehiclescreatedanetworkofsupportindustriessuchasparts,repairandmaintenanceservices.Italsocausedarevolutioninhowgoodsweretransportedinthecountry.HenryFordwasatrueAmericanicon.
MartinLutherKingJr.isoneofthemostfamousAmericansever.Hewasapastor,andhumanitarian,butisknownmostlyforbeingacivilrightsactivist.KingwastheleaderoftheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovementduringthe1950sand60s.Hisuseofnon-violentprotesttoaffectsocialchangewasbasedonhisChristianbeliefs.KingwasbornMichaelKing,buthisfatherchangedhisnameinhonoroftheGermanreformer,MartinLuther.
KinglivedduringthemostdivisiveerainAmericanhistory.Thewhite,southerncultureintheUnitedStateswantednothingtodowithsocialchangeduringthe60s.SegregationlawswereinplacethatprohibitedblackAmericansfromeatingatthesamerestaurantsaswhites,ortorideinthesamesectiononpublicbuseswithwhiteAmericans.Kingledthefamous1955MontgomeryBusBoycottinreactiontoRosaPark'
srefusaltosurrenderherbusseattoawhitepassengeraswasrequiredbylawinMontgomery,Alabamaatthetime.
KingstartedhisactivismwhileservingasaBaptistministerfortheDexterAvenueBaptistChurch.HebelievedstronglyintheChristianbelief,lovingthyneighborasyourself,whichisaphilosophyheusedthroughouthiscivilrightsyears.Hewasalsoagreatspeaker.His"
IhaveaDream"
speechisregardedasoneofthemostfamousoratoryinAmericanhistory.Init,hespeaksofhowhisdreamisforwhiteandblackAmericantowalktogether,hand-in-handasbrothers.ThespeechalsodeclareshowitwashisdreamforallAmericanstobejudged,notbythecoloroftheirskin,butbythecontentoftheircharacter.
OnOctober14,1964,KingwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizeforhisinvolvementincombatingracialinequalityintheUnitedStates.KingwasassassinatedinApril1968,inMemphis,Tennesseeattheageof39.
BillGatesisanAmericaninventor,computerprogrammer,philanthropist,andbusinessmanborninSeattle,Washington.Heisreportedlyworthnearly$80billion,makinghimoneofthewealthiestpeopleinthecountry.Heformed,andwasheadofMicrosoftCorporationforseveralyears,andisstillontheboardforthecomputersoftwaregiant.
Gateswasborntoanupper-middleclassfamily.Hisfatherwasanattorney,whilehismotherwasabanker,andworkedfortheUnitedWayformanyyears.Heiscreditedforbeingthefatherofthemoderncomputer,andforalmostsingle-handedlystartingthepersonalcomputerrevolution.HestudiedatHarvardUniversity,butdidnotgraduatebecauseofhisdesiretodevelopnewsoftware.
Asa13-year-oldstudentattheLakesideSchool,whichwasanexclusivecollegepreparatoryschool,Gateswasintroducedtocomputerprogramming.Thatyearhedevelopedaprogramthatalloweduserstoplaytic-tac-toeagainstthecomputer.Gateswasreportedlyfascinatedbythecomputer'
sabilitytoreproducesoftwarecodeperfectly.In1975,GatesapproachedacompanycalledMicroInstrumentationandTelemetrySystems(MITS).Heconvincedtheownerthathehadwrittenaprogramthatwouldworkwithhisplatform.TheownerofthecompanyboughtintoGatesinnovations,andthetwomenreachedanagreementtodevelopsoftwareforMITS.TheMicrosoftCompanywasborn.
GateswentontodeveloptheWindowsoperatingsystemwiththenpartnerIBMCorporation.Thetwocompanieshaddifferencesthough,andtheirpartnershipendedquickly.GatesleftMicrosoftin2000,butremainsonitsboardofdirectors.HeremainedactivewiththecompanyforseveralyearsbeforesteppingdowninFebruary2014,becomingTechnicalAdvisorforthefirm.
ManyAmericanbasketballfanswouldarguethatMichaelJordanisbyfarthegreatestplayerevertoplayintheNationalBasketballAssociation.Theprofessionalbasketballleaguehasexistedsince1947,andtherehavebeenmanyindividualplayersthathaveexcelledinthegame.PlayerssuchasBillRussell,WiltChamberlain,KareemAbdulJ