配套K12高中英语 阅读集练科普环保类Word文件下载.docx

配套K12高中英语 阅读集练科普环保类Word文件下载.docx

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Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem．Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

【小题1】Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?

A．Dangerous．

B．Unhappy．

C．Natural．

D．Easy.

【小题2】Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.

A．remainincages

B．behavestrangely

C．attackotheranimals

D．enjoymovingaround

【小题3】Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?

A．Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport．

B．Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.

C．Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.

D．Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.

【小题4】Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.

A．pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdo

B．usingevidencehehascollectedatzoos

C．questioningthewayanimalsareprotected

D．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats

2、YoumayhaveneverheardofLanthanum,CeriumorNeodymium,buttheseelements（元素）andothersknownas“rareearth”playamajorroleinmoderntechnology.Theycanactuallybefoundinmanyplacesontheearth,butnotinquantitiesthatcanbemined.Onlyafewcountries—China,America,India,Australia,BrazilandMalaysiahaveanythatcanbeminedenoughtobetraded.

EventhoughsomeoftheseelementssuchasCeriumareasabundantasCopper,theyarenotfoundinconcentratedamountsontheearth’ssurface.Theyareoftenmixedtogetherwithothermetals,whichmakesextraction（提取）oftheseelementsanexpensiveandanenvironmentallymessyprocess.Itwasduetothisreasonthattheterm“rareearth”wasinvented.

Rareearthmetalsareusedwidelyinourlife.Rechargeablecarbatteries,computers,iPhones,DVDplayers,computermonitors,televisions,lighting,lasers,glasspolishing,andsuperconductorsallusequantitiesofrareearthmetals.Also,withtheadvancementin“green”technologylikesolarpanels,theseshinymaterialsarebecomingmoreimportantthanever.Anaverageelectriccaruses10poundsofLanthanumforitsrechargeablebattery!

Americahaslargedeposits（存储量）ofrareearthsandhasoneofthefirstmines.ItwasopenedinSouthernCaliforniain1940.Theelement“Europium”wasthefirstmetaltobeseparatedinquantityforuseincolortelevisions.However,inthe1980’sand1990’s,asChinastartedproducingtheseelementsinInnerMongolia,theminesinAmericaandelsewherecouldnotkeeppace.ThemineinMountainPass,Californiaalsofailedenvironmentalregulationsandshutdownin2002.

Now,recognizingtheimportanceofhavingmorethanonesupplierofthisimportantresource,otherrareearthowningcountrieslikeIndiaandAustraliaareeitherdustingofftheirrareearthminesorspeedinguptheirproduction.Itisbelievedthatthedebateoverrareearthswillbecomelouderinthecomingmonthsandyears.

【小题1】Whatcanwelearnaboutrareearths?

A．TheyareactuallyasabundantasCopper.

B．Theycanbeminedeasilyasothermetals.

C．Theycanonlybefoundinafewcountries.

D．Theyarenotreallyasrareastheyarenamed.

【小题2】ComparedwithChina,America_____.

A．paidmoreattentiontoEuropium

B．haslargerdepositsofrareearths

C．startedproducingrareearthsearlier

D．hasmorerareearthmines

【小题3】Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatrareearths_____.

A．arenowingreatdemand

B．cannowbeusedinfewfields

C．areharmfultotheenvironment

D．willsoonbereplacedbyothermetals

3、Mosquitoeshaveanextraordinaryabilitytotargethumansfarawayandflystraighttotheirunprotectedskin.Regrettably，mosquitoescandomorethancauseanitchy（发痒的）wound.Somemosquitoesspreadseveralseriousdiseases，includingDengue，yellowfeverand 

malaria.

Overonemillionpeopleworldwidediefromthesediseaseseachyear.Newresearchnow 

showshowmosquitoeschoosewhotobite.

Mosquitoesneedbloodtosurvive.Theyareattractedtohumanskinandbreath.Theysmellthecarbondioxidegas，whichallmammalsbreatheout.Thisgasisthemainwayformosquitoestoknowthatawarm-bloodedcreatureisnearby.

Butmosquitoesalsousetheireyesandsenseoftouch.MichaelDickinsonisaprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Hisresearchshowshowthesesmallinsects，withevensmallerbrains，usethreesensestofindabloodmeal.

MichaelDickinson’steamusedplumes—amaterialthatrisesintotheairofcarbondioxidegasintoawindtunnel.Theythenusedcamerastorecordthemosquitoes.Theinsectsfollowedtheplume.

Then，thescientistsplaceddarkobjectsonthelighter 

coloredfloorandwallsofthe 

tunnel.Mr.Dickinsonsaid，atfirst，themosquitoesshowednointerestintheobjectsatall. 

“Whatwasquitestrikingandquitesurprisingisthatthemosquitoesflybackandforthforhours.Thesearehungryfemalesandtheycompletelyignoretheobjectsonthefloorandwallofthetunnel.ButthemomenttheygetahitofCO2，theychangetheirbehaviorquiteobviouslyandnowwouldbecomeattractedtotheselittlevisualblobs（斑点）.”

Thissuggestedtotheresearchersthatamosquito’ssenseofsmellismoreimportantinthesearchforfood.Oncemosquitoescatchasmellofahuman 

oranimal，theyalsofollow 

visualsignals.

【小题1】Whatdomosquitoesmainlyusetofindtheirtargets?

A．Senseofsmell.B．Senseoftouch.

C．Senseofsight.D．Smartbrains.

【小题2】Thefirstresponseofthemosquitoestotheobjectsintheexperimentis 

.

A．toflytothedarkones

B．tocatchandsticktothem

C．totakenonoticeofthem

D．toattachthemselvestothem

【小题3】Howcanweavoidbeingattackedbymosquitoesaccordingtothetext?

A．Don’tletthemseeus.

B．Usedarkobjectstostopthem.

C．Makethemflybackandforthforhours.

D．Attractthemtoobjectsfullofcarbondioxidegas.

【小题4】Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．HowDoMosquitoesSurvive?

B．WhyDoMosquitoesNeedBlood?

C．HowDoMosquitoesChoosetoBiteYou?

D．WhyDoMosquitoesAttacktheHumanBeing?

4、Thewaywecookisimportant.Inmanycountries,thetwosourcesofheatusedforcookingarenaturalgasorelectricstoves.TheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）warnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.TheWHOfindsthatpoorcooking,heatingandlightingtechnologiesarekillingmillionsofpeopleeachyear.

Indoorairpollutionresultsfromtheuseofdangerousfuelsandcookstovesinthehome.WHOofficialssaynearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingandlighting.Andtheysaymorethansevenmillionpeoplediefromexposuretoindoororoutdoorairpollutioneachyear.Ofthatnumber,theWHOsaysabout4.3millionpeoplediefromhouseholdairpollutiongivenoff 

bysimplebiomass（生物燃料）andcoalstoves.

Thesefindingsshowthatthehomeuseofpoisonousfuelsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwasteandsoon.CarlosDoraisCoordinatorintheWHO’sDepartmentofPublicHealth,EnvironmentalandSocialDeterminantsofHealth.Hesayspeopleshouldnotuseunprocessedcoalandkerosene（煤油）fuelindoors.Hesaysopeningawindowordoortoletouttheharmfulairwillnotcorrectthesituation.Itwillonlypollutetheoutdoors.“Newtechnologiesandcleanfuelscanridpeopleofthisproblem.”

TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentoffamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatemalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.

NigelBruceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodstovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.“Therearealreadymanytechnologiesforcleanfuelsavailablenow.Aneffectiveandreasonablylow-costethanol（酒精）stovethatismadebyDometic（aSweden-basedcompany）isnowbeingtestedout.Anotherinteresti