Boot from SAN in WindowsWord文件下载.docx

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WindowsServer2008andMicrosoft®

WindowsServer2003.Itdescribestheadvantagesandcomplexitiesofthetechnology,andanumberofkeySANbootdeploymentscenarios.

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Contents

Introduction3

KeyBenefitsofBootfromSAN4

TheBootProcess:

AnOverview5

LocalBoot5

BootfromSAN5

FCSANBoot-ConceptsandConfigurations6

SinglepathConfiguration6

MultipathConfiguration7

CrashDumpFileCreation8

ClusterConfiguration9

SetupBootfromSAN10

KeyRequirements10

BasicSetup10

MigrationtoWindows2008andWindows2008R216

BestPractices17

PagingDisk17

Redundancy–AvoidSinglePointofFailure17

DistributedLoad18

FabricZoning18

TroubleshootingBootfromFCSAN19

CurrentLimitationstoWindowsBootfromSAN21

AdditionalResources22

Summary23

Introduction

Today’sdatacentershavelargescaleserverdeploymentsandaneverincreasingchallengeforITadministratorstoeffectivelymanageandcontrolcosts.Onekeywayistoreducethehardwarefootprintbyreplacinglargeserverswithhighlycompactrack-mountableforms.

Thedensestoftheseformsisthebladeserver,whichusesresources（suchasdeviceinterfacesandpowersupplies）thataresharedamongthebladeserversinanenclosure.Inadditiontoreducingthehardware,electricalandsquarefootagecosts,bladeserversarehotpluggableandusesimplifiedcableconfigurations.Bladeserversarealsoeasiertomanagesinceasingleservercanmanagealloftheotherserversinthesameenclosure.Whilesomebladeservershaveinternaldisks,theytendtohavelowerperformanceandcapacitythanSCSIdisks.Thisishelpingdriveadoptionofdisklessbladeserversthatareusedincombinationwithnetworkedstorage.

BootfromSANleadstogreaterOPEXsavingsbyprovidingbetteroptionsforadministratingandmaintainingdatacenterdeployments.Nevertheless,itleadstoincreasedCAPEXsavingsbymovingtowardsstorageconsolidationinaSANratherhavingalotoflocalserverstorage.

KeyBenefitsofBootfromSAN

BootfromSANhelpsenableallofthe“RAS”advantagesoffabricconnectivity–Redundancy,Availability,Serviceability.Thekeybenefitsare:

ReduceServerFootprints

BootfromSANalleviatesthenecessityforeachservertohaveitsowndirect-attacheddisk,eliminatinginternaldisksasapotentialpointoffailure.Thindisklessserversalsotakeuplessfacilityspace,requirelesspower,andaregenerallylessexpensivebecausetheyhavefewerhardwarecomponents.

CentralizedImageManagement

Whenoperatingsystemimagesarestoredonnetworkeddisks,allupgradesandfixescanbemanagedatacentralizedlocation.Changesmadetodisksinastoragearrayarereadilyaccessiblebyeachserver.

DisasterandServerFailureRecovery

AllthebootinformationandproductiondatastoredonalocalSANcanbereplicatedtoaSANataremotedisasterrecoverysite.Ifadisasterdestroysfunctionalityoftheserversattheprimarysite,theremotesitecantakeoverwithminimaldowntime.

RecoveryfromserverfailuresissimplifiedinaSANenvironment.Withthehelpofsnapshots,mirrorsofafailedservercanberecoveredquicklybybootingfromtheoriginalcopyofitsimage.Asaresult,bootfromSANcangreatlyreducethetimerequiredforserverrecovery.

HighAvailability

Atypicaldatacenterishighlyredundantinnature-redundantpaths,redundantdisksandredundantstoragecontrollers.WhenoperatingsystemimagesarestoredondisksintheSAN,itsupportshighavailabilityandeliminatesthepotentialformechanicalfailureofalocaldisk.

RapidRedeployment

BusinessesthatexperiencetemporaryhighproductionworkloadscantakeadvantageofSANtechnologiestoclonethebootimageanddistributetheimagetomultipleserversforrapiddeployment.Suchserversmayonlyneedtobeinproductionforhoursordaysandcanbereadilyremovedwhentheproductionneedhasbeenmet.Highlyefficientdeploymentofbootimagesmakestemporaryserverusageacosteffectiveendeavor.

Green

WhenbootimagesarestoredonaSAN,itenablestheservernottohaveanylocalspinningmedia.BootfromSANcanprovidegreaterpowerefficiencyandhelplargelytowardsdatacentergreeninitiatives.

AnOverview

Thebootprocess（previouslyknownasbootingorbootstrapping）istheiterativeloadingoftheinstalledoperatingsystemcodefromthebootdeviceintocomputermemoryafterthecomputerispoweredon.TheBIOS（BasicInput/OutputSystem）isthemostbasiccodeandisloadedfirstfromthesystemfirmwareafterPOSTinitializationprocess.Itinitializesthecomputerhardwareandreadsincodethatloadstheoperatingsystem,completeshardwaresetupandproducesafullyfunctionaloperatingsystemresidinginmemory.SeetheAppendixforamoredetaileddescriptionofthebootprocess.

Thebootprocesscanoccurfromadirectattacheddisk,overalocalareanetwork,orfromnetworkedstorage.Inallcases,acriticalsteptoasuccessfulbootislocatingthebootdisk.Thedevicecontrollingthatprocessdependsontheboottype.

LocalBoot

Themostcommonbootingapproachistobootfromadirect-attacheddisk.TheserverBIOSlocatestheSCSIadapterBIOS,whichcontainstheinstructionsthatallowtheservertodeterminewhichoftheinternaldisksisthebootdevice.

BootfromSAN

BootingfromSANprovidesnumberofadvantages

∙ReduceOSimagefootprints

∙Enablecentralizedimagemanagement

∙Enablerapiddeploymentscenarios

∙Provideseamlessdisasterrecoveryoptions

AlloftheabovekeybenefitsofSANarediscussedinthefollowingsectionofthiswhitepaper.

WithbootfromSAN,thebootdiskresidesonthestorageareanetwork（SAN）,notlocallyontheserver.TheservercommunicateswiththeSANthroughahostbusadapter（HBA）.TheHBA’sBIOScontaintheinstructionsthatenabletheservertofindthebootdisk.

BootfromSANofferstheadvantagesofreducedequipmentcosts.Italsoprovidesanumberofotheradvantages,includingreducedservermaintenance,improvedsecurityandbetterperformance.Thesefactorsareaddressedindetailinthenextsection.

FCSANBoot-ConceptsandConfigurations

ITadministratorscanenableserverstobootfromSANbyconfiguringtheserverandtheunderlyinghardwarecomponents.Afterpoweronselftest（POST）,theserverhardwarecomponentfetchesthebootblockfromthedevicethatisdesignatedasthebootdeviceinthehardwareBOISsettings.Oncethehardwaredetectsthebootdevice,itfollowstheregularbootprocessasexplainedintheAppendix.

TheorderinwhichdriversareloadedisdifferentforlocalbootandSANboot.ForFCSANbootwithMulti-PathI/O（MPIO）,theDeviceSpecificModule（DSM）drivergetsloadedveryearlyinthebootprocesssoitcanhelpmanagethepathstothestoragedevices.

SinglepathConfiguration

ThesimplestSANconfigurationisshowninFigure 

1,twodisklessservers,eachwithasingleHBAconnectedtoFiberChannelstorage.Thisconfigurationdoesnotemployredundantcomponents,whichisarequirementforhighavailabilityservers.ForbootfromSANwithWindows,eachservermusthavesoleaccesstoitsowndedicatedbootdevice.

Figure 

1.BasicbootfromSANConfiguration

MultipathConfiguration

TheconfigurationshowninFigure2provideshighavailabilityandhighperformancewiththeadditionofredundantHBAs,cabling,switches,andarraycontrollerports.

2.FullyRedundantBootfromSANConfiguration

CrashDumpFileCreation

Intheeventofasystemorkernelsoftwarecomponentfailure,acrashdumpfileiscreatedto