译林版高一英语定语从句详解附练习文档格式.docx
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Ihavetodomyhomeworkinaplacethathasdesksandchairs.
宾语
Davidwasoneofthemosthelpfulstudents（that）weeverhad.
Someofthebooksweregifts（that）hegotfromhisChinesefriendsandstudents.
which
Davidstudiedinthehighschoolwhichistheoldestoneinthecity.
物
SomeofthecitiesinChina（which）helikesmostareBeijing,
Shanghai,HarbinandNanjing.
who
ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.
Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacher（who）Isawinthecomputer
roomtheotherday.
whom
Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacher（whom）Isawinthecomputerroomtheotherday.
whose
定语
IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiane.
TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturdayafternoon.
as
Heissuchapersonascanhelpyou.
ThisissousefuladictionaryascanhelpyoulearnEnglish.
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.
Thisissodifficultaproblemasnobodycananswer.
★1.whose修饰物时，可作如下替换：
Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisnew.
Thehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouthisnew.
Thehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouthisnew.
→whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich
★2.修饰物时，关系代词只能用that的情况：
①先行词既有人又有物
Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.
②先行词被theonly,thevery,justthe,thelast及序数词修饰
ItistheonlyfilmthatIlike.
ThisistheverybookthatI'
mlookingfor.
WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?
③先行词被最高级修饰
ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatI’veeverread.
④先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,alittle,few,afew,等修饰
Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.
⑤先行词本身是不定代词all,any,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything等。
Allthathesaidwastrue.
Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?
⑥主句的主语是疑问代词who和which时，关系代词用that
Whoisthegirlthathelpedthemanoutoftrouble?
⑦先行词为表语，关系代词为表语时，关系代词用that
Heisnolongerthelittleboythatheusedtobe.
⑧先行词为time时，定语从句用that引导
ItisthelasttimethatIwillgiveyoualesson.
⑨先行词为theway时，定语从句的引导方式有三种，inwhich,that,不填
Idon’tlikethewayyouspeak.
★3.指人时在下列情况下多用或须用who
①关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
②先行词为all,one,ones,everyone,anyone,nobody,或all指人时，多用who。
Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.
Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished.
③先行词为those和people时多用who。
Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.
④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who，作宾语须用whom。
Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.
MrGreen,whomyousawinthelibraryyesterday,willteachusphysicsnextterm.
⑤在被分割的定语从句中须用who.
AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
⑥在以therebe开头的句子中多用who.
Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.
★4.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
Thosewhoareagainsttheplanpleasesignyournameshere.
Anyonewhobreaksthelawistobepunished.
Iwhoamyourfriendwilltrymybesttohelpyou.
Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.
Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.
Tomisnottheonlyoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.
★5.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
★6.关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语，因此定语从句中不再出现所替代的名词或代词。
Thenews（that/which）youtoldusitisdisappointing.（误）
Thenews（that/which）youtoldusisdisappointing.（正）
选择题
1Weshouldlearnformthose______arealwaysreadytohelpother.
AwhoBwhomCtheyDthat
2Finallythethiefhandedeverything______hehadstolentothepolice.
AthatBwhatCwhichDas
3All______isneededisacupatea.
A/BthatCwhatDwhich
4Hetalkedaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.
AthatBwhenCwhoDwhich
5.Howcanyoubeartheway______hespeakstoyou?
Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
AinwhichBthatC/Dwhich
6---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
---Isthatthereason______youhadafewdaysoff?
AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere
7Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho__________passedtheexam.
A.hasB.haveC.isD.are
8.Who______knowshimwouldbelievehim?
AwhomBwhoCthatDwhich
9Thisisthefirstsumofmoney______thechildren’sfamilyhasreceived.
AthatBwhichCwhatDas
10Thisisnottheonlyapple______hasrottenaway.
AwhichBthatC/Dwhat
11Isthisthehouse______thegreatmusicianwasbornin?
AwhichBwhereCtheoneDit
12.Isthismuseum______someforeigntouristsvisitedthedaybefore?
AwhichBthatCwhereDtheone
13I’vereadallthebooks______ourteacherrequiresustoread.
AwhichBthatCwhatDthey
14Thisistheverybuilding______I’vebeenlookingforthewholemorning
AwhichBthatCwhereDinwhich
15Thetime______IspendonmathsismuchmorethanonEnglish.
AthatBwhenCatwhichDduringwhich
16Isthatthereason______hestatedatthemeeting?
AwhichBwhyCforDwhat
17Thisisoneofthemostinterestingmovies______Ihave______seen.
Athat;
everBwhich;
neverCthat;
neverDwhich;
ever
Grammar定语从句讲解
（二）
要点讲解
一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用which指物或用whom指人,
即:
介词+which/whom,并且which或whom不能省。
Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.
Heisthepersontowhomyoucanturnforhelp.
2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which（指物）,that/whom/who（指人）,此时可以把这些关系单词省略。
Thegentleman（whom/who/that）youtoldmeaboutyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
Thisisthepen（which/that）Iwrotetheletterwith.
3.当关系代词作lookafter,lookfor,takecareof,seeto等短语动词的宾语时,这些词中的介词不能提前.
Hereisthebook（that/which）I’mlookingfor.
4.介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词,结构为：
all,both,few,most,several,some等+ofwhom/which.
例：
Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
She’sgotthreeluckypens,twoofwhichsheneveruses.
InthebasketIfindmanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.
Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.
5.介词+which/whom不定式结构。
如：
Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.
=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.
=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.
6.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用
（1）根据动词选择介词
Who’stheman（who/whom/that）youjustshookhands________?
=Who’stheman________________youjustshookhands?
（2）根据现行词选择介词。
此时介词和现行词之间构成习惯搭配，且介词一般位于关系代词之前，和从句中的动词不存在逻辑和意义上的关系。
Hestoodbythewindow,___________________hecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.
Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,__________whichhecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.
Thereweretwothings__________whichtheytookpride.
二关系副词的用法：
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when,where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。
1.when
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时如：
time,day,week,year,month,etc.用when在定语从句中充当时间状语，也可用“介词in/on/by/during+which”来代替when，还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
（1）DoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?
（2）Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinQingdao?
（作宾语）
（3）Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.
2.where
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时如：
place,school,factory,room,etc.用where在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可用“介词in/at等+which”来代替where,还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
（1）Thisisthelabwhere/inwhichhedidtheexperiment.（作状语）
（2）Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）
注意：
如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,circumstances,stage,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。
但并非所有的情况都如此。
Untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.
Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.
I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.
IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.
—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?
—Yes,there’sonepointthatwemustinsiston
3.why
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词时，用why在定语从句中充当原因状语，也可用“介词forwhich”来代替why.当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfired.（作状语）
Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?
（作主语）
4.当定语从句所修饰的先行词是way表示“方式”、“方法”时，用that/inwhich/×
在定语从句中充当方式状语。
way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。
但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。
比较：
（1）Idon’tunderstandthewayinwhich/that/×
theyworkedouttheproblem.
（2）Thewaythat/inwhich/×
heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.
（3）Thewaythat/which/×
heexplainedtouswasverysimple.
5.——判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；
而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如：
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.
I'
llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.
Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentinthecountryside.
llneverforgetthedays_______Ispentinthecountryside.
方法二：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?
D
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
A
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。
6：
inwhichcase;
during/atwhichtime;
sincewhe
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