在英语中有26个字母文档格式.docx
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i>
כ>
^>
注意:
1.c在e,i,y前读[s],在其它字母前读,<
k>
.
2.重读闭音节词中,k一般不单独结尾,k前面如果没有其他辅音字母,它必须和c共同结尾,即ck/k/.
3.以f,l,s结尾的重读闭音节词,一般要双写以上字母.
4.f,l,m,n,在其他发音的元音字母前按汉语拼音读,在不发音的元音字母前或其他辅音字母前读/f/,/l/,/m/,/n/。
5.cl/kl/,ct/kt/
6.j/zh/ch,sh,r,s,l在词首,u在开音节中读/u:
/
7.---ket中的e读/i/
三.重读r音节词;
ar/a:
/er/ә:
/ir./ә:
/or/ә:
/<
כ:
ur/ә:
四.重读re音节词;
are<
ә>
ere<
<
iә>
ire<
aiә>
ore\כ:
\
ure<
juә>
五.成节音;
在词尾,两个发音比较响亮的辅音音素如/b/,/p/,/m/,/f/,/d/,/t/,/n/,/l/,等合在一起读时,在没有元音音素的情况下,也可以构成一个音节,即成节音。
1.-ble/bl/able,bubble,noble
2.-dle/dl/idle,candle,middle
3.-ple/pl/sample,apple,people
4.-tle/tl/title,bottle,cattle
5.-den/dn/sudden,ridden,garden
6.-don/dn/pardon,London
7.-ten/tn/written,mitten
8.-ton/tn/button,Washington,mutton
9.-sen/sn/lessen
10.-son/sn/lesson.经常用在某些男名后边,表示对男子的尊称。
Tomson,JohnsonJackson
11.-cle/kl/circle,uncle
12.-tain/tn/certain,curtain切记;
开1,闭2
13.mal/ml/mammal两个重要的尾部
14.tal/tl/capitalhospital-er/ә/,y/i/
15.-scle/sl/muscle
16.-stle/sl/jostle
17.-ckle/kl/shackle,sickle
18.-ften/fn/often,soften
19.-sten/sn/listen
六.怎样划分音节;
1.分界线上只有一个辅音字母(r除外)时,则该辅音字母划归后面的音节,前面的按重读开音节读。
ablebibleidledutynoble
2.分界线上有两个辅音字母(r除外)时,从中间划开,前后各一个,前面的按重读闭音节读。
middlebubbleriddendinner
3.分界线上有两个辅音字母r时,从中间划开,前后各一个,前面的按重读闭音节读。
mirrorcarrotarrowmerrylorry
4.分界线上有两个辅音字母,第一个是r时,从中间划开,前后各一个,前面的按重读r音节读。
gardenparkingburdendirty
5.分界线上只有一个辅音字母r时,则r划归后面的音节,前面的按重读re音节读。
IrishheroMaryvirussirenparentstory
七.浊化;
在词首,两个清辅音音素前后紧接着读时,第二个浊化。
1./p/--/b/spendspiderspitsport
2./k/--/g/skateskillingscalescot
3./t/--/d/standstartstudentstolen
4./tr/--/dr/stressstressstrikestripstrick
5./kw/--/gw/squaresquidsquirrel
qu
八.辅音连缀;
在词首,两个辅音音素前后紧接着读时,先摆出第一个音素的口形,不等第一个音读完,就要向第二个音过度,即辅音连缀。
1.gr--/gr/gradegrandgreen
2.bl--/bl/blankblackbless
3.br--/br/brokebrokenbrand
4.fl--/fl/flusterflagflock
5.fr--//fr/framefriendfry
6.pl--/pl/planplateplus
7.pr--/pr/priceprisepray
8.cr--/kr/crackcrosscream
9.scr--/skv/scriblescramblescrape
10.spl--/spl/splitsploshsplatter
11.spr--/spr/spratspritesprog
12.thr--/θr/throbthrillerthrift
13.shr--/∫r/shrikeshrimpingshrank
九.前缀(重音一般在第二个音节上)
--/kәm/comepetecompilecompellingcommodecommitmentcommence
2.a--/ә/agoaboutappointmentaddressattack
3.be--/bi/beforebehavebeganbeginning
4.de--/di/dependdemarcatedemistdemand
5.dis--/dis/(置于动词前,“不”)dislikedissembledissentdisruptdispute
6.un--/∧n/(置于形容词前,“不”)unlikeunhappyunfunny
7.per--/pə/perfumeperhapsperformer
8.po--/pə/politelypotatopolice
9.re--/ri/replacemantrepentrepellentreplete
10.pre--/pri/preparepreceptprecisepredict
11.for--/fə/forgetforgottenforbidforbidden
12.to--/tə/todaytomatotomorrowtogethertowards
13.mis--/mis/mistakenmisfitmishandlemisshapen
14.ex--/iks/excuseexpensiveexportexpressly
15.ex--/eks/expropriateexpertexhaleexhume
16.ex--/in/encumberencodeencompassenduring
10.特殊字母的发音;
1.--ge/d3/pagecage
2.--dge/d3/bridgefridge
3.j--/d3/justjokerjobjamjuggle
4.x/ks/oxfoxfixfaxsextaxi
5.在词首读/j/yesgardyeggyore
在词尾重读音节中读/ai/bycrytrydryfly
在词尾非重读音节中读/i/dirtydutyfiftycrazy
6.gu其后紧跟元音字母时读/g/guessguideguard
7.--mb/m/lambclimbtomb
8.--mn/m/damnautumn
9.kn--/n/knockknitterknife
10.wr--/r/writewritterwrangle
11.tr--/tr/traffictradingtrack
12.dr--/dr/drilldruverdrippy
13.tw--/tw/twintwisttwig
14.qu--/kw/questquickquilt
15.--ts,--t’s,--tes,te’s/ts/letslet’stasteskite’s
16.--ds,--d’s,--de’s/dz/handsrides
11、字母组合;
1.--tion/ʃən/nationpation
2.--stion/seʃən/questionsuggestion
3.--ture/tʃə/naturepicture
4.al/כ:
/fallcallhallmallsmall
5.au/כ:
/Augustfault
6.aw/כ:
/pawlawdawndraw
7.oar/כ:
/roarboard
8.oor/כ:
/doorfloor
9.our/כ:
/yourfourcourt
10.augh/כ:
/naughtytaughtcaught
11.ough/כ:
/oughtfoughtboughtbroyght
12.igh/ai/highlightrightflightmighe
13.ee/i:
/beebeenmeetingspeedsheep
14.ea/i:
/peameatteateach
15.ea/e/deadbreadread(过去式)breakfast
16.ea/ei/greatbreak
17.ea/iə/realideaarea
18.air/εə/hairchairpairairport
19.ay/ei/layplaymaydaytodayway
20.ai/ei/aimtrainagainstpainting
21.ey/ei/heytheykey
22.ay在非重读音节中读/i/,mondayyesterday
23.ey在非重读音中读/i/monkeydonkey
24.eigh/ei/eightweighweightneighbour
25.aigh/ei/straight
26.wh/w/whywhitewhile
27.wh/h/whowhosewhole
28.th/δ/thatthatthenthisthus
29.th/θthinthingthankthick
30.ou/au/outstandingmouseloudlyaboutaloud
31.ow/au/howcomnowflower
32.ow/əu/followfellowwindowarrow
33.oun/aun/mountainpoundgroundcount
34.own/aun/towndowncrown
35.oo在清辅音前读/u/lookbookhookloosefootcook
36.oo在浊辅音前读/u;
/foodnoodlesmooddoomnoon
37.oo在词尾读/u:
/toowaterloobamboo
38.oo/^/bloodflood
39.old,o在ld前读/ai/holdcoldgoldensoldtold
40ind,i在nd前读/ai/findmindkindbehindblind
41.a在/w/音后读/כ/warwaswash
42.ar在/w/音后读/כ:
/warwarmwarmerwarning
43.oy/כi/boytoyjoy
44.oi/כi/boilcoilboilingnoisevoice
45.ass/a:
s/,/әes/grassglasspassclass
46.oa/әu/coatloadgoat
47.iy在非重读音节中读/i/skittishdutydirty
48.ue/u:
/blueglue
49.ui/u:
/fruitcruit
50.ph/f/photophonephile
51.a,u,or,er,ir,our等在非重读音节中读/ә/
52.规则动词一般过去式(+ed)的读音。
A.在清辅音(/t/除外)后读/t/lookedbooked
B.在浊辅音(/d/除外)后读/d/cleanedkilled
C.在元音后读/d/playedsnowed
D.在/t/,/d/音后读/id/wantedwaitedneeded
十二。
后缀
1.—er/ә/teacherworkerdriver
2.—or/ә/actorvisitor
3.—ist/ist/artistscientistenvironmentalist
4.—ism/izәm/capitalismsocialism
5.—ing/iŋ/goingshoppingsocialism
6.—ful/fәl/(形),carefulbeautiful
7.ly/li/(副),loudlyhappilyheavilyhardly
8.—y/i/(形),luckyfunnysunnywindysnowy
9.—able(形)/әbl/notableenjoyableportablereplaceable
10.—age/id3/shortagecottagemessage
11.—en/әn/shortendeepensoftensharpen
12.—bility/biliti/comprehensibility
13.—ness/nәs/goodnessunhappinessbusiness
14.—less/lәs/carelesspaperlesstopless
15.—tion/∫әn/dictationexaminationtarnation
16.—ous/әs/cautiousdeliciousprecocious
17.—ary/әri/librarydictionaryprimary
18.—ive/iv/expensiveactiveexpressiveexpansive
19.—ship/∫ip/ownershipfriendshipchampionship
20—fy/fai/satisfyyuppify
21.—ize/aiz/realizerecognizecriticize
22.—ment/mәnt/completementbasementsettlement
23.—tress/tris/actresswaitress