The Analysis of Mother Tongue Negative Transfer in English 英语词汇习得中的母语负迁移分析文档格式.docx

The Analysis of Mother Tongue Negative Transfer in English 英语词汇习得中的母语负迁移分析文档格式.docx

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肖凤侠

所在院系：

外国语学院

所学专业：

英语

导师姓名职称：

王文峰（副教授）

论文完成时间：

2014年5月

AnAnalysisofConversationalImplicatureinChinese-EnglishTranslationofTEM8BasedontheCooperativePrinciple

XiaoFengxia

HenanInstituteofScienceandTechnology

May,2014

Contents

Acknowledgmentsi

AbstractinEnglishii

AbstractinChineseiii

Ⅰ.Introduction1

Ⅱ.TheOverviewoftheConversationalImplictureandCooperativePrinciple1

Ⅲ.BreifIntroductionofTranslationinTEM84

Ⅳ.TheOverviewofConversationalImplicatureandContext4

Ⅴ.TheOverviewofConversationalImplictureandTranslation6

5.1ConversationalImplictureinTranslation6

5.2ConversationalImplictureofChinese-EnglishTranslationinTEM87

5.2.1TheObersevationoftheCP7

5.2.2TheViolationoftheCP...........................................................................8

Ⅵ.Conclusion11

Bibliography13

Acknowledgments

Iwishtoexpressmysinceregratitudetoallthepeoplewhomadethisworkpossibleandenjoyableexperienceforme.Myspecialgratitudegoestomysupervisor,Mr.WangWenfengwithhisextraordinarypatienceandconsistentencouragement,helpingmechoosethistopic,providingmewithnecessarymaterials,correctingminemistakesandmakingthefinalcorrectiononmythesis.

IalsosincerelyappreciatetheotherteachersintheForeignLanguageDepartmentforgivingmeadviceandguidance,inparticularMr.ChenQuanxian,whoseinspiringlecturesonPragmaticshavestartedmyinterestinthisareaofthisstudy.

Atlastbutnotleast,IwouldliketothankmyfamilyfortheirunfailingsupportandpatiencewhileIwaswritingmythesis.

Abstract

Thetheoryofconversationalimplictureisakeytheoryinpragmatics,proposedbyGrice.Sincethetheoryproposed,thestudiesabouthimandhistheoryfromChineseandforeignscholarsemergeinanendlessstream,becausethistheorycannotbeusedinhuman’sdailyconversation,butalsoinotherfields,toproduceconversationalimplictureefficiently.Amongthem,manyascholaranalysisestheconversationalimplictureinfilmandtelevision,literarytranslation,teachingandsoon.Eventhoughsomescholarshavestudiedtheuseofthetheoryintranslation,somescholarshavemadesystematicresearchesonTEM8inpurpose,includinglistening,reading,translationandsoon,littleofthemresearchtheconversationalimplictureinshortparagraphofChinese-EnglishtranslationintestTEM8.Evidently,thetheoryofconversationalimplicturecanbeusedintranslationtoo,andhasaprofoundeffectonit.Translationisaspecialconversationbetweenthefirstauthorandtranslatorsandreads.Torebuildthegenuineconversationalimplictureofthefirstauthor,translatorsandreadershavetoobeythemaximsofcooperativeprinciple.Conversationalimplictureofthefirstauthorandtranslatorsandreadsshouldbeconsistentfromthebeginningtotheend,accordingtocontext.

KeyWords:

ConversationalImplicature;

CooperativePrinciple;

ConversationalImplicatureinTranslation;

Context.

摘要

Grice的会话含义理论是语用学中的重要内容，自从他提出这一理论之后，中外学者对其及他的理论研究层出不穷，因为这一理论不仅适用于人类语言交际，还适用于其他领域的会话研究。

其中大部分的学者将这一理论与影视、文学翻译、教学等联系起来分析其中的会话含义。

尽管也有学者结合会话含义理论分析翻译中的会话含义，也有学者专门对英语专八考试中的翻译、听力、阅读等题型做了系统地研究，但是很少有人用这个理论分析英语专业考试中汉英短篇翻译中的会话含义。

事实证明会话含义理论也适用于翻译活动，对翻译研究具有巨大的指导意义。

因为翻译是一种特殊的会话，译者在翻译过程中必须遵守合作原则，才能再现原文的会话含义。

译者从原文中推导出的会话含义和译文读者从译文中推导出的会话含义应该是一致的。

译文应当充分体现原文作者的会话含义，力争做到语用对等。

关键词：

会话含义;

合作原则；

翻译“会话”及合作原则；

语境.

I.Introduction

Grice’stheoryofconversationalimplictureisthefoundationofhuman’seffectivecommunication,andobservedbythespeakerandthehearerwithoutconsciousnesstofinishtheconversationsuccessfullyduringcommunication.Theprincipleofthetheoryrequiresthatthediscloseandconversation’srealisticpurposeanddirectionmustbeconsistentincommunication,inordertomaketheconversationproceedsmoothly,toachievethecommunicativepurpose.However,sometimessomespeakersviolatethecooperativeprincipledeliberativelyforsomespecialreasontotransfersomespecialinformationorexpresstheirtrueintentions.Atthistime,conversationalimplictureisborn.Whileastheotherpartyofcommunication,thehearerneedtodeducetheconversationalimplictureofthespeaker,avoidingunnecessarymisunderstandingbetweentwopartiesandthebreakdownofcommunication.Inadditiontothedailycommunicationwillgenerateconversationalimplicture,translationactivitiesabouttwoliteratureswillhaveconversationalimplictureofliteralcommunicationbetweentheoriginalauthorandtranslators,readers.Inviewofthefamousprinciples“loyal”and“smooth”inTranslation,translatorshavetofullycomprehendtheoriginaltext,especiallypartswhereimplytheauthor’struemeaning.What’smore,theuseofconversationalimplictureintranslationalfieldwillsolvemanyproblemsinit,aswellasinjectnewvitality.

ThisthesiswillconducttherealcasesinlifetointroducethetheoryandanalysistheuseofitinTEM8.ThebackuptheoryisConversationalImplicture.Thepurposeis,ononehand,tohelppeoplebuildabetterunderstandingofit;

ontheotherhead,togivestudentssomehelptocopewiththetranslationinTEM8easily.

Thisthesiswillbecomposedofsixparts.Partoneistheintroduction.Parttwoistheoverviewofconversationalimplictureandcooperativeprinciple.PartthreeisthebriefintroductionoftranslationinTEM8.Partfouristheoverviewofconversationalimplictureandcontext.Partfiveistheoverviewoftranslationandconversationalimplicture,includingconversationintranslationandconversationinChinese-EnglishtranslationofTEM8.Partsixistheconclusion.

Ⅱ.TheOverviewofConversationalImplictureandCooperativePrinciple

HerbertPaulGriceadvocatedafamoustheoryaboutpragmaticin1967,whichisthetheoryofconversationalimplicture.Throughnoticingthedistinctmethodsthatpeoplesometimesdonotexpresstheirideasdirectlybutuseotherwaystoimplytheminpeople’sconversations,heputforwardthatbothtwosidesofconversationhopetocooperate,sothattheircommunicationwillbesuccessful.Therefore,theytwomustcomplyprinciplessuchasthefullmaterials,truemassage,relevanttopics,clearexpressionandsoon.“Ourtalkexchangesdonotnormallyconsistofasuccessionofdisconnectedremarks,andwouldnotberationaliftheydid.Theyarecharacteristically,tosomeextentatleast,cooperativeefforts;

andeachparticipantrecognizesinthem,tosomedegree,acommonpurposeorsetofpurposes,oratleastamutuallyaccepteddirection”（1975:

45）.ThisisCooperativePrinciple（hereafterCP）.Whileforthosemeaningsproducedbypeople’sviolationofcooperativeprinciplepurposely,Gricecoinedtheword“implicture”,thatisconversationalimplictur

TheCooperativePrinciplegoesasfollows:

Indailylife,peoplealwaysfollowsomeprinciplessubconsciouslytocreateanintegrityconversation,thatisGrice’scooperativeprinciple（CP）.TospecifytheCPfurther,Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims.Generally,fourmaximsare:

（1）MaximsofQuantity,thatis,wordsofconversationshouldcontaintheneededbutnotexcessinformation,unusefulinformation.

（2）MaximsofQuality,thatis,twosidesofconversationshouldtellthetruthbutnotfalsewordsorwordslacingofevidences.（3）MaximsofRelation,thatis,wordsshouldberelevanttothetopic.（4）MaximsofManner,thatis,thewayofspeakingshouldbeclear,conciseandorganized,avoidingobscureandambiguouswords.However,noteveryoneabidesbytheCPallthetimeincommunication,thatis,theviolationoftheCP.HerearefourexampleswhichcanexplaintheviolationoftheCPrespectivelyindailylife.

Example1:

theviolationofthemaximofquantity.

A:

Whatisyoursname?

B:

IamMarry.IamthepresentofStudentUnion.

AasksB’sname,butBgivesexcessinformationbesideshername.TheextrainformationindicatesshewantstoshowoffherselftoA.

Example2:

theviolationofthemaximofquality.

HowdoyoulikeVictoria?

Shewasmadeofiron.

BdoesnotanswerA’squestiondirectly,butsays“Victoriawasmadeofiron”.Itisuniversallyknownthatapersonisimpossiblymadeofiron.BasedonB’sanswer,AcandeducethatBiseitherunwillingtocoordinatehimorusing“iron”todescribeVictoria’scharacteristics

Example3:

theviolationofthemaximofrelation.

Iwanttoeatcandy,mom.

Look,thereisalovelycatonthestreet.

Accordingtothedialogue,weknowthatachildaskshismomtobuyhimsomecandywhentheyareoutofashop,buthismomwantstotransferhisattentionofcandytoalovelycat,whichviolatesthemaximofrelationoftheCP.

Example4:

theviolationofthemaximofmanner.

Let’sgetthekidssomething.

Okey,butIvetoI-C-EC-R-E-A-M-S.

（胡壮麟，2010:

180）

Theaboveisatypicalandproperexampletoexplaintheviolationofthemaximofmanner.BusesaspecialwaytoexpresshisattitudetoA’ssuggestionandhisideas.

TheobjectiveoftheviolationoftheCPisdiverse,notmereaunderminingthecoordinationofconversation.SometimespeoplewillbreakouttheCPonpurposetoabidebyitmuchbetter,butsometimesdisobeyittointerruptthetopic.Inturn,hearershavetodeducetheconversationimplicture,andtakeappropriatemethodstodealwithit,otherwisetheirconversationwillfail.NowcontrastthefollowingexamplestograspthemeaningandtheuseoftheCPindailylife.