语言学树形图Word文档下载推荐.docx

语言学树形图Word文档下载推荐.docx

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DetAN

astoryaboutasentimentalgirl

c）oftenreaddetectivestories

VP

QualVNP

AN

oftenreaddetectivestories

d）theargumentagainsttheproposals

DetN

theargumentagainsttheproposals

e）movetowardsthewindow

VPP

PDetN

movetowardsthewindow

3.Drawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.

a）Thejetlanded.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetNPstV

Thejetlanded

b）Marybecameveryill.

NPstVAP

DegA

Marybecameveryill

c）Whatwillyoutalkabout?

CP

NPCS

NInflNPInflVP

VPNP

VPN

Whatwillyouetalkaboute

d）Theapplemighthittheman.

S

NPVP

DetNAuxVNP

Theapplemighthittheman

OR

InflP（=S）

DetNVNP

e）Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.

NQualVNP

Heoftenreadsetectivestories

OR

Pres

4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier（s）,thendrawthetreestructures.

a）Afrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane.

DetANPstVNP

Afrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane

b）Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.

InflP（=S）

DetANPstVPP

PNP

Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky

c）Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.

Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting

d）Aquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.

DetANPPstVPP

ANPNP

Aquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill

5.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.

a）Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.

NAuxVNP

DetANP

NCONN

Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants

NInflVNP

b）Helenputonherclothesandwentout.

NVPCONVP

VPNPVAdv

VPDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

NPstVPCONVP

c）Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

VPNPVPNP

VAPNVAPN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

NPresVPCONVP

VAPNVAPN

d）Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein.

S

SCONS

NPVPNPVP

DetNVAdvDetANVAdv

Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein

e）Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.

NVCS

NAuxVDetNAuxV

Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt

6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a）YouknowthatIhatewar.

NVN

YouknowthatIhatewar

ORCP

CInflP（=S）

NPresVCS

NVNP

N

b）HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.

DetNVLA

HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover

c）Gerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.

NPVP

NVPNP

AuxNegVNPCS

DetNNPVP

GerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

d）ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.

NVLACS

DetNVNPNP

NDetN

ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce

e）Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.

DetNVPCS

VPNPVP

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings

7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.

a）Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

DetNCPVAP

CSDegP

Theessayhewrotethatwastoolong

SurfaceStructure

DetNCPVLAP

CSDegA

NPNPInflVP

NNPstVNP

Theessaythathewroteewastoolong

b）Thedogthathekeepsbites.

DetNCPV

CInflS

PresNPVP

Thedoghekeepsthatbites

NNPresVNP

Thedogthathekeepsebites

c）Herbertfoundthemansheloved.

DetNCS

NP

NV

Herbertfoundthemanshelovedwho

SurfaceStructure

DetNS

C

NPNP

NN

Herbertfoundtheman（whom）shelovede

d）Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.

DetNCPVPP

PP

NQualVPNP

Thegirlheoftenquarrelswithwhommajorsinlinguistics

NNQualVPNP

Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithemajorsinlinguistics

8.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.

a）Wouldyoucometomorrow?

NPAdvP

NInflVAdv

youwouldcometomorrow

Surfacestructure

Infl

wouldyouecometomorrow

b）Canyoupassmethenewspaper?

Deepstructure

NPNPNP

NInflVNDetN

youcanpassmethenewspaper

InflNPNPNP

Canyouepassmethenewspaper

c）Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident?

DetNInflVDetN

thestudentsshouldreporttheincident

CS

InflNPNP

shouldthestudentsereporttheincident

d）Whatdidyoueatforlunch?

NInflVP

youdideatwhatforlunch

InflNPPP

NNInflVP

whatdidyoueeateforlunch

e）Whoshouldthisbereportedto?

NInflVVP

thisshouldbereportedtowhom

NPCS

NInflNPPP

whomshouldthisebereportedtoe

f）WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?

Helenwasbringingwhattotheparty

whatwasHelenebringingetotheparty