违反合作原则的20个samples精编版Word文档格式.docx
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What?
Iamgoingtomeetyourkid?
Earl:
Well,oneofthem.
“Oneofthem?
”Howmanydoyouhave?
Earl:
Sofar?
Max:
Oh,Earl,Iloveyou.
Thisismyson,Darius.HeistheNo.1ChryslersalesmaninallofDetroit.AndheismyveryfavoriteifheistheoneI’mthinkingof.
（FromBankruptcySisters）
Analyze:
ThisisasceneofBankruptcySisters,Earlonlytoldhedressedsodecentlytomeethisson,butdidn’tsayclearlyifMaxwouldmeethissontogether,that`swhyMaxfeltpuzzledandaskedhimhowmanyofhissons;
thenEarlanswered“Sofar?
”,untilthelastsentencehedidtellthepurposeformeetinghissonandaddanotherunnecessarymessage“ifheistheoneI’mthinkingof.”Becauseofthehiatusortheredundancyoftheirconversation,makestheaudiencesfallintoareverieandsetsahumorouscomedyatmosphere.
2.Caroline:
OhmyGod!
Isheyourfather?
Yes,heismyfather.Andmymotherisapieceofchalk.
ThisisaconversationbetweenCarolineandMax.CarolineaskedifthemancameintothecafewasMax’sfather,Maxanswer“Yes”butaddonemoresentence“Andmymotherispieceofchalk.”whichindicatedthemanwasnotMax‘sfatheratall.Obviously,thoughthissituationistypicalmessageredundancy,ithelpsthelistenerstounderstandthespeaker’srealmeaningandhumor.
3.柳小姐之夫：
老婆，请问一下你会不会打我？
柳小姐：
我干嘛要打你啊？
你又没做错事。
如果我要真的打你的话，一定就是你做错事了。
从现在开始，你只许疼我一个人，要宠我，不能骗我，答应我的每一件事情都要做到，对我讲的每一句话都要真心，不许欺负我、骂我，要相信我。
别人欺负我，你要在第一时间出来帮我，我开心呢，你要陪着我开心；
我不开心呢，你要哄我开心。
永远觉得我是最漂亮的，梦里面也要见到我，在你的心里只有我！
就是这样喽！
（出自电影《河东狮吼》）
Inthisconversation,Mrs.Liuhadobeyedthemaximofquantity,thecontentofheranswerwasoverthequestionrequests.However,theextramessageofheranswershowsthetruerequirementsofMr.Liu,alsomakestheaudiencesrealizeMrs.Liu’spersonality.
4.Atouristhailedabusatarequeststopandaskedtheconductor,“What’sthefaretoRegent’sPark?
”
“5pence,”saidtheconductor.
Thetouristdidn’tgetonthebus,butinsteadranalongbehinditafteritpulledaway.Ashemetthebusagainatthenextstop,hepanted,“What’sthefaretoRegent’sParknow?
“10pence,”saidtheconductor,“You’rerunningthewrongway.”
Inthisfunnystory,thetouristwasaniggard,triedtosavemoneybyrunningafterbusandshortingthedistancetohisdestination.Atfirst,heaskedthefaretohisdestinationandwastold“5pence”;
butafterherantiredoutandaskedagain,thenwastoldthefarehadrisenandheranthewrongdirectionofhisdestination.It’sascribedtothefirsttime,theconductordidnottelldetailstothetourist,broughtamisunderstandingtothetouristandthereaders:
asthetouristranmorethathecouldsavedmoremoney.Hence,thehiatusoftheconversationmakesamisunderstanding,theconductorobeyedthemaximofquantity,deceivedthestingytouristbyomittingnecessaryinformationadvisedly.
5.Liz:
Jon,there’ssomethingimportantIneedtoaskyou.SomethingthatIwouldn’taskmostguyswhocomeinhere.
Jon:
Wait,no!
IthinkIknowwherethisisgoing.
Liz:
Youdo?
Ido.Liz,I’vewantedtoaskyouthesamethingforaverylongtime.
Areyousurethatwe’retalkingaboutthesamething?
Absolutely.Yeah,uh,I’veneverbeenmoresureofanythinginmyentirelife.
Liz,Iamreadytotakeachance.Iamreadyfor...
Thankyou.
Adog!
I’mreadyforadog.
（frommovieGarfieldⅠ）
Inaboveconversation,LizonlysaidshehadsomethingtoaskJonbutdidn’tclearthedetailsofit.AndJonwasimpatienttolistentilltheend,andthensaidheknewthecontentofthat“something”.UntilLizheldadogneededtobeadoptedcameout,Jonrealizedhehadmisunderstood.Apparently,Jondidn’tgetenoughinformationfromLiz,sohemisunderstoodherandviolatedthemaximofquantityaccidentally,whichmakesthistalkdramatically.
（二）质原则（MaximofQuantity）:
（1）不要说自知虚假的话。
Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse
（2）不要说证据不足的话。
Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.
Forexamples:
1.ThefollowingisanAD:
FeedingYourBodyandStarvingYourHair?
AussieHairinsuranceisaleave-in,multi-vitaminandmineralconditioninghairsupplementthatcannourishyourhairfromwithin.
......
Ifyourhairisdry,frizzyorunmanageable...,maybeit’sjusthungry!
Theslogan“Starving”oftheADusuallyusedtodescribinghuman`saspirationoffood.However,thisADusedthewordtodescribehairwasobeyedthemaximofquality,givingtheobviousfakeinformationtopeopletoattractthem,bythis,thisviolationbecomesmeaningful.
2.ThefollowingisanAD:
Sophisticated,
Sweet-to-drinkPinkLady
ThisADslogancreatedametaphorbyobeyingthemaximofquality.“PinkLady”isabrandofdeluxewine,theword“Sophisticated”meanssuperior.But“Sophisticated”generallyusestoembellishingapersonbutotherthings,soitbreaksthemaximofqualityindeed.Ontheotherhand,“PinkLady”alsomeansbeautifullady,sothattheusingof“Sophisticated”wasreasonable;
andyetthe“Sweet-to-drink”wouldviolatethemaximofquality.Duetothesetwofoldviolations,thisADshowsaverydifferentsense:
ifwecomparethewinetobeautifullady,thatwouldbefairyandelegant.TheADmixedthemup,therebyappealingreaderstodreamingaboutthiswinebrand.Thoughitviolatesthemaximofquality,itwinstheattentionofcostumers.
3.Thefollowingisasloganinashoesshop:
Aroomfor5toes
Thesloganisagreatparallelism.Roomsarethespaceforpeopledoingactivities,andshoesarethespacefortoestostay,thatisthesimilarityofthesetwo.Bythissimilarity,readerscaneasilyunderstandthemeaningoftheslogan;
moreover,roomsgivepeopletheimpressionaboutcomfortableandsafe,sotheshoesdo.Thus,readersassociatefromtheroomstotheshoes——bothareshelters,thendeepintotheirsimilarity——bothgivingprotection.Withthedesireofbeprotected,peoplewillbewillingtobuytheshoes.Ifchangesthe“room”to“box”or“pot”,readerscanunderstandthemeaningtoo,butitcannotcreateaemotionalassociationtobeasuccessfulmetaphor,whichonlybreakthemaximofqualitybutnottobeagoodAD.
4.韦小宝：
各位观众，谢谢各位凑得这么近、站得这么直听我说书，真是太给面子啦。
今天要说的人物就是天地会的总舵主陈近南，所谓平生不见陈近南，便称英雄也枉然。
他身高八尺，腰围也是八尺。
众人：
哇！
那岂不是四方了吗？
韦小宝：
四方就四方，一样米养百样人，八角形的都有。
我告诉你！
他武功的名堂呢，称之为“九天十地菩萨摇头怕怕霹雳金光雷电掌”！
一掌打出，方圆百里之内，不论人畜、虾蟹、跳蚤，全部化成了飞灰啊！
（出自电影《鹿鼎记》）
Accordingthemaximofquality,Weishouldanswerthequestionhonestlybasedthetruthbuthisownimagination.Withthishyperboleexpression,Weiattractedpeople’sattentionresourcefully,althoughheviolatedthemaximofquality.
5.Duringtheheightofaparticularlysevereair-raidinLondonin1940,thestaffofalargebuildingwastakingshelterinthebasement.Theraidhadbeenonprogressforseveralhoursandbombswerestillfalling.Suddenlyoneofthetypistssaidtoherfriend,“comeon,Gladys,I’mnotstoppinghereanylonger.It’s5o’clock.It`stimetogohome,raidornotraid.”
Outtheywentbutwithinacoupleofminutestheywerebackagain.
“Changeyourmind?
”askedoneoftheothertypists.
“Yes,”saidthefirstgirl.“We’venoumbrellaandit’spouringwithrainoutside.”
Thesetwogirlsinthisstorycouldnotstandtheendlessair-raidandstayedatthebasementanylonger,andoneofthemdecidedtogohome,nomattertheair-raidendornot.Maybewewillthinkthatgirlisabraveone,however,shebacked,saidbecauseofshehadnoumbrellaandoutsidewererainpouringthatcouldnotleave.Theendingofthisstoryisreallyironical,thegirlissobravethatcanignorethedeath,butstoppingbytherain;
thehugecontrastofthatgirl’simageshasproducedaclownishreaction.Thereasonthestorycanproduceaclownishreactionisitignoringthedangerousconceptionbutemphasizingthenegligiblethings（raining）,whichviolatesthemaximofquality.
（三）关系原则（MaximofRelation）：
要有关联，要切合题。
Berelevant,andconnectingtothetheme.
Forexamples:
1.Scene:
Maxwasservingthecustomer
Hi,readytoorder?
Customer:
Doyouhaveanythingthat’srealspecial?
Notaccordingmyhighschoolguidancecounselor.
Maxisaskingifthecustomerreadytoorderfood,andthecustomerwantstoknowiftherestauranthasanyspecialdish.What’sforfun,Maxmisinterpretsthemeaningpurposelytoviolatethemaximofrelation,andhelpstheaudiencesrealizethefunnypoint.
2.Tworatherdeafoldgentlemenweretravelingontheunderground.AsthetraindrewintoWembleyStation,oneofthemshouted,
“IsthisWembley?
“No,”shoutedtheother,“it’sThursday!
“Whatdidyousay?
“Thursday————Thursday!
“Yes,soamI,shallwegetoffhereandhaveadrink?
Fromtheaboveconversationweknowthatthosetwooldgentlemenarebothdeaf,sotheycannotheareachotherclearly.OneofthemaskediftherewastheWembleyStation,anotherheardasiftodaywasWednesday，becausethepronunciationof“Wembley”arecloseto“Wednesday”.Thentheonewhoanswered“Thursday”hadrepeatedhisansweroverandoveragain,madethefirstoneofthemthoughtthatmanwasthirsty,sohesuggestedtogetofftoha
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