违反合作原则的20个samples精编版Word文档格式.docx

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违反合作原则的20个samples精编版Word文档格式.docx

What?

Iamgoingtomeetyourkid?

Earl:

Well,oneofthem.

“Oneofthem?

”Howmanydoyouhave?

Earl:

Sofar?

Max:

Oh,Earl,Iloveyou.

Thisismyson,Darius.HeistheNo.1ChryslersalesmaninallofDetroit.AndheismyveryfavoriteifheistheoneI’mthinkingof.

(FromBankruptcySisters)

Analyze:

ThisisasceneofBankruptcySisters,Earlonlytoldhedressedsodecentlytomeethisson,butdidn’tsayclearlyifMaxwouldmeethissontogether,that`swhyMaxfeltpuzzledandaskedhimhowmanyofhissons;

thenEarlanswered“Sofar?

”,untilthelastsentencehedidtellthepurposeformeetinghissonandaddanotherunnecessarymessage“ifheistheoneI’mthinkingof.”Becauseofthehiatusortheredundancyoftheirconversation,makestheaudiencesfallintoareverieandsetsahumorouscomedyatmosphere.

2.Caroline:

OhmyGod!

Isheyourfather?

Yes,heismyfather.Andmymotherisapieceofchalk.

ThisisaconversationbetweenCarolineandMax.CarolineaskedifthemancameintothecafewasMax’sfather,Maxanswer“Yes”butaddonemoresentence“Andmymotherispieceofchalk.”whichindicatedthemanwasnotMax‘sfatheratall.Obviously,thoughthissituationistypicalmessageredundancy,ithelpsthelistenerstounderstandthespeaker’srealmeaningandhumor.

3.柳小姐之夫:

老婆,请问一下你会不会打我?

柳小姐:

我干嘛要打你啊?

你又没做错事。

如果我要真的打你的话,一定就是你做错事了。

从现在开始,你只许疼我一个人,要宠我,不能骗我,答应我的每一件事情都要做到,对我讲的每一句话都要真心,不许欺负我、骂我,要相信我。

别人欺负我,你要在第一时间出来帮我,我开心呢,你要陪着我开心;

我不开心呢,你要哄我开心。

永远觉得我是最漂亮的,梦里面也要见到我,在你的心里只有我!

就是这样喽!

(出自电影《河东狮吼》)

Inthisconversation,Mrs.Liuhadobeyedthemaximofquantity,thecontentofheranswerwasoverthequestionrequests.However,theextramessageofheranswershowsthetruerequirementsofMr.Liu,alsomakestheaudiencesrealizeMrs.Liu’spersonality.

4.Atouristhailedabusatarequeststopandaskedtheconductor,“What’sthefaretoRegent’sPark?

“5pence,”saidtheconductor.

Thetouristdidn’tgetonthebus,butinsteadranalongbehinditafteritpulledaway.Ashemetthebusagainatthenextstop,hepanted,“What’sthefaretoRegent’sParknow?

“10pence,”saidtheconductor,“You’rerunningthewrongway.”

Inthisfunnystory,thetouristwasaniggard,triedtosavemoneybyrunningafterbusandshortingthedistancetohisdestination.Atfirst,heaskedthefaretohisdestinationandwastold“5pence”;

butafterherantiredoutandaskedagain,thenwastoldthefarehadrisenandheranthewrongdirectionofhisdestination.It’sascribedtothefirsttime,theconductordidnottelldetailstothetourist,broughtamisunderstandingtothetouristandthereaders:

asthetouristranmorethathecouldsavedmoremoney.Hence,thehiatusoftheconversationmakesamisunderstanding,theconductorobeyedthemaximofquantity,deceivedthestingytouristbyomittingnecessaryinformationadvisedly.

5.Liz:

Jon,there’ssomethingimportantIneedtoaskyou.SomethingthatIwouldn’taskmostguyswhocomeinhere.

Jon:

Wait,no!

IthinkIknowwherethisisgoing.

Liz:

Youdo?

Ido.Liz,I’vewantedtoaskyouthesamethingforaverylongtime.

Areyousurethatwe’retalkingaboutthesamething?

Absolutely.Yeah,uh,I’veneverbeenmoresureofanythinginmyentirelife.

Liz,Iamreadytotakeachance.Iamreadyfor...

Thankyou.

Adog!

I’mreadyforadog.

(frommovieGarfieldⅠ)

Inaboveconversation,LizonlysaidshehadsomethingtoaskJonbutdidn’tclearthedetailsofit.AndJonwasimpatienttolistentilltheend,andthensaidheknewthecontentofthat“something”.UntilLizheldadogneededtobeadoptedcameout,Jonrealizedhehadmisunderstood.Apparently,Jondidn’tgetenoughinformationfromLiz,sohemisunderstoodherandviolatedthemaximofquantityaccidentally,whichmakesthistalkdramatically.

(二)质原则(MaximofQuantity):

(1)不要说自知虚假的话。

Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse

(2)不要说证据不足的话。

Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.

Forexamples:

1.ThefollowingisanAD:

FeedingYourBodyandStarvingYourHair?

AussieHairinsuranceisaleave-in,multi-vitaminandmineralconditioninghairsupplementthatcannourishyourhairfromwithin.

......

Ifyourhairisdry,frizzyorunmanageable...,maybeit’sjusthungry!

Theslogan“Starving”oftheADusuallyusedtodescribinghuman`saspirationoffood.However,thisADusedthewordtodescribehairwasobeyedthemaximofquality,givingtheobviousfakeinformationtopeopletoattractthem,bythis,thisviolationbecomesmeaningful.

2.ThefollowingisanAD:

Sophisticated,

Sweet-to-drinkPinkLady

ThisADslogancreatedametaphorbyobeyingthemaximofquality.“PinkLady”isabrandofdeluxewine,theword“Sophisticated”meanssuperior.But“Sophisticated”generallyusestoembellishingapersonbutotherthings,soitbreaksthemaximofqualityindeed.Ontheotherhand,“PinkLady”alsomeansbeautifullady,sothattheusingof“Sophisticated”wasreasonable;

andyetthe“Sweet-to-drink”wouldviolatethemaximofquality.Duetothesetwofoldviolations,thisADshowsaverydifferentsense:

ifwecomparethewinetobeautifullady,thatwouldbefairyandelegant.TheADmixedthemup,therebyappealingreaderstodreamingaboutthiswinebrand.Thoughitviolatesthemaximofquality,itwinstheattentionofcostumers.

3.Thefollowingisasloganinashoesshop:

Aroomfor5toes

Thesloganisagreatparallelism.Roomsarethespaceforpeopledoingactivities,andshoesarethespacefortoestostay,thatisthesimilarityofthesetwo.Bythissimilarity,readerscaneasilyunderstandthemeaningoftheslogan;

moreover,roomsgivepeopletheimpressionaboutcomfortableandsafe,sotheshoesdo.Thus,readersassociatefromtheroomstotheshoes——bothareshelters,thendeepintotheirsimilarity——bothgivingprotection.Withthedesireofbeprotected,peoplewillbewillingtobuytheshoes.Ifchangesthe“room”to“box”or“pot”,readerscanunderstandthemeaningtoo,butitcannotcreateaemotionalassociationtobeasuccessfulmetaphor,whichonlybreakthemaximofqualitybutnottobeagoodAD.

4.韦小宝:

各位观众,谢谢各位凑得这么近、站得这么直听我说书,真是太给面子啦。

今天要说的人物就是天地会的总舵主陈近南,所谓平生不见陈近南,便称英雄也枉然。

他身高八尺,腰围也是八尺。

众人:

哇!

那岂不是四方了吗?

韦小宝:

四方就四方,一样米养百样人,八角形的都有。

我告诉你!

他武功的名堂呢,称之为“九天十地菩萨摇头怕怕霹雳金光雷电掌”!

一掌打出,方圆百里之内,不论人畜、虾蟹、跳蚤,全部化成了飞灰啊!

(出自电影《鹿鼎记》)

Accordingthemaximofquality,Weishouldanswerthequestionhonestlybasedthetruthbuthisownimagination.Withthishyperboleexpression,Weiattractedpeople’sattentionresourcefully,althoughheviolatedthemaximofquality.

5.Duringtheheightofaparticularlysevereair-raidinLondonin1940,thestaffofalargebuildingwastakingshelterinthebasement.Theraidhadbeenonprogressforseveralhoursandbombswerestillfalling.Suddenlyoneofthetypistssaidtoherfriend,“comeon,Gladys,I’mnotstoppinghereanylonger.It’s5o’clock.It`stimetogohome,raidornotraid.”

Outtheywentbutwithinacoupleofminutestheywerebackagain.

“Changeyourmind?

”askedoneoftheothertypists.

“Yes,”saidthefirstgirl.“We’venoumbrellaandit’spouringwithrainoutside.”

Thesetwogirlsinthisstorycouldnotstandtheendlessair-raidandstayedatthebasementanylonger,andoneofthemdecidedtogohome,nomattertheair-raidendornot.Maybewewillthinkthatgirlisabraveone,however,shebacked,saidbecauseofshehadnoumbrellaandoutsidewererainpouringthatcouldnotleave.Theendingofthisstoryisreallyironical,thegirlissobravethatcanignorethedeath,butstoppingbytherain;

thehugecontrastofthatgirl’simageshasproducedaclownishreaction.Thereasonthestorycanproduceaclownishreactionisitignoringthedangerousconceptionbutemphasizingthenegligiblethings(raining),whichviolatesthemaximofquality.

(三)关系原则(MaximofRelation):

要有关联,要切合题。

Berelevant,andconnectingtothetheme.

Forexamples:

1.Scene:

Maxwasservingthecustomer

Hi,readytoorder?

Customer:

Doyouhaveanythingthat’srealspecial?

Notaccordingmyhighschoolguidancecounselor.

Maxisaskingifthecustomerreadytoorderfood,andthecustomerwantstoknowiftherestauranthasanyspecialdish.What’sforfun,Maxmisinterpretsthemeaningpurposelytoviolatethemaximofrelation,andhelpstheaudiencesrealizethefunnypoint.

2.Tworatherdeafoldgentlemenweretravelingontheunderground.AsthetraindrewintoWembleyStation,oneofthemshouted,

“IsthisWembley?

“No,”shoutedtheother,“it’sThursday!

“Whatdidyousay?

“Thursday————Thursday!

“Yes,soamI,shallwegetoffhereandhaveadrink?

Fromtheaboveconversationweknowthatthosetwooldgentlemenarebothdeaf,sotheycannotheareachotherclearly.OneofthemaskediftherewastheWembleyStation,anotherheardasiftodaywasWednesday,becausethepronunciationof“Wembley”arecloseto“Wednesday”.Thentheonewhoanswered“Thursday”hadrepeatedhisansweroverandoveragain,madethefirstoneofthemthoughtthatmanwasthirsty,sohesuggestedtogetofftoha

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