天津大学级英语期末试题带答案及单词翻译综述.docx
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天津大学级英语期末试题带答案及单词翻译综述
ENGLISHPROFICIENCYEXAM
FORNON-ENGLISHMAJORPOSTGRADUATESTUDENTS
TIANJINUNIVERSITY
Jan.5th,2012
PART1:
Vocabulary(20%)
Directions:
Inthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
1.Mutualendeavor(共同努力)hasshapedourworld,andmutualism(互利共生;互惠共生),thebeliefthatindividualandcollective(个人与集体)well-beingisobtainable(可获得的,可取得的)onlybymutualdependence(相互依存),______familylife,relationshipsandsociety.
A.underpins基础结构
B.overstates夸大(某事)
C.underlines在…下面画线;加强,强调
D.overcomes战胜,克服
2.Amanoforiginalpowercanneverbe______withinthelimitsofasinglefieldofinterestandactivity,norcanheeverbecontentto(满足于)bearthemarksandusetheskillofasingleoccupation(职业,工作).
A.located坐落的,位于的
B.liberated被解放的;无拘束的;放纵的
C.committed忠诚的,坚定的
D.confined有限的,受限制的;狭窄的;
3.Asaresultoftechnologicalconvergence(技术融合)andprogressindigitization(数字化),thelaboratories(实验室)ofcomputertechnologyandconsumerelectronicsfirms(消费电子企业)are______intheraceforinnovationandsophistication(创新与成熟).
A.searching
B.competing
C.intervening发生于其间的;介于中间的;
D.absorbing
4.Thedegreeinwhichaman______hisworkandgivesitthequalityofhisownmindandspiritisthemeasureofhissuccessingivinghisnaturefreeandfullexpression.
A.demolishes摧毁;推翻
B.standardizes使合乎规格,使标准化
C.individualizes赋予个性,个别地加以考虑
D.abolishes废除,废止
5.Incommonwithotherdevelopedeconomies,Britainhasadvocated(提倡;拥护;鼓吹;为…辩护;)thecreationofahigh-skilled,high-waged(高技能,高技术)economyby______theeducationandskillsofitsworkforce(全体员工; (国家或行业等)劳动力).
A.renewing(使)复原,(使)更新;重新开始
B.overthrowing打倒,推翻;使终止;
C.decreasing缩短,减小,减少
D.upgrading提升;使升级;提高档次
6.Nooneontheplanetisgoingtoescapetheeffectsofglobalwarming,andforbillionstheresultingenvironmentaldeterioration(恶化;变坏;退化)isgoingtomakelife______moredifficult.
A.considerably相当,非常,颇
B.terminally末尾,一定时期地
C.originally起初,原来;独创地,独出心裁地
D.regularly有规律地,按时,照例
7.Digitaltelevisionwillenableuserstoaccessawiderangeofnewservices,suchaspay-per-viewTV,thedownloadingofvideogamesorsoftware,orchannels______insportsorteleshopping.
A.interfering干预;调停;妨碍;干涉;
B.specializing专门从事,专攻
C.participating参加,参与
D.consisting由…组成;包括;存在于
8.Earthquakesareimmenselydestructive(极大的破坏性),mainlybecausemostcitiesinregionsofhighseismic(地震的)riskaredominated(受控的)bybuildingsthataresimplynotbuiltwellenoughto______thesevere(严峻的;严厉的;剧烈的)groundshakingofamajorquake.
A.sustain维持; 支撑,支持
B.withstand经受,承受,禁得起
C.guarantee保证,担保; 保证人
D.inspect检查,检验; 视察
9.Bygivingstudentsaccessto(入口,出口;接近)anewworldofinformation,sparkingcreativity(激发创造力),and______richcommunicationandcollaboration(合作,协作)acrossvastdistances,computershavelongbeenapowerfultoolforeducation.
A.preventing预防;阻碍
B.disrupting使混乱,扰乱
C.facilitating促进;使便利;推进
D.manipulating控制,操纵,影响
10.Whilemoreandmorewomenare______rolesasmanagers,anewstudyreveals(显示)thatthesewomenareincreasinglyturningtothestereotypically(带有成见地)more'male'traits(特征),suchasaggression(侵略;攻击,进攻),togetresults.
A.defining规定;使明确;精确地解释
B.assuming假设;假定;呈现
C.regarding关于;就…而论;至于
D.interpreting解释;理解;演绎
11.Thepotentialnegativeeffectsofviolentvideogames(暴力视频游戏)onadolescentantisocialbehavior(反社会行为),andyouthviolence______,isahighlydebatedissue,bothinacademiccircles(学术界)andamongthegeneralpublicandpolicymakers(公共政策制定者).
A.onaverage
B.onpurpose故意地;特地;
C.inparticular尤其,特别
D.inadvance预先,事先; 提前
12.Anewdigitalwatermarkingsystem(数字水印系统)notonlyprotectsmusicandmediafilesfromonlinepirates(网络盗版)butalsoensuresthatthequalityfor______usersisasgoodasitgets.
A.unauthorizedXX的,越权的;未经许可的
B.temporary临时的,暂时的; 短暂的
C.malicious恶意的,有敌意的;蓄意的;预谋的
D.legitimate合法的,合理的;正规的
13.Thereisrelativelylittle______ofopinionandscholarship(奖学金; 学术; 学识)aboutwhethergenerationaldifferences(代际差异)existthatareworthtakingintoconsiderationintheworkplace,colleges,anduniversities,andothercontexts(背景; 投资环境; 设备场境).
A.permission允许; 批准
B.minority少数;少数民族;未成年
C.absence缺席,缺勤; 缺乏
D.consensus一致;舆论;一致同意
14.Youngpeople’sworldshavechangedinavarietyofways,manyofwhichhavea______onthesortofeducationandtrainingthattheydemand.
A.contact联系,接触vi
B.bearing关系;方位;态度,举止n
C.lead榜样;领导
D.stake 股份;重大利益
15.Nowadaysgraduatesinthelabormarketareexpectedtobeflexible(灵活的),todirectandsteer(操纵,控制; 引导)theirownworkaswellasthatofothers,totakeresponsibilityandtomould(形成; 陶冶,训练)jobstomakebestuseoftheir______intheglobalmarketeconomy.
A.expectations希望;预料;(被)预期
B.blunders(因无知、粗心等造成)的错误
C.competencies能力
D.defects 缺点; 弱点
16.Nogenerationismoreatease(安逸,自由自在;自然)withonline,collaborative(合作的;协作的)technologiesthantoday’syoungpeople—“digitalnatives”,whohavegrownupina/n______computingenvironment.
A.immersive拟真的;
B.emergent紧急的; 浮现的; 突然出现的
C.hostile敌人的,敌对的;怀有敌意的;不利的
D.rural乡下的,农村的;田园的;地方的
17.Whereasuniversityresearchanddevelopmentdepartments(发展部门)mayoncehavebeentheprimaryarena(表演场地,舞台;竞技场)fortestingnewtoolsandtheories,thesurveydata(调查数据)reveal(显露;揭露;泄露)thatcorporations(公司;法人)nowhavethe______inadoptingnewinnovations(采用新的创新).
A.right正确;权利
B.edge边;优势;边缘,端;锋利,尖锐
C.control
D.license许可证,执照;特许
18.Accesstotechnologyinschoolisparticularlyimportant______increasingdisparities(不同;不等;不一致;悬殊)intechnologyaccessoutsideofschool.
A.intunewith与……协调,与……一致
B.inlinewith跟…一致,符合;本着
C.inneedof需要
D.inlightof按照,根据
19.Takinganinternationaloverviewonanything,inthiscasetheout-of-schooleducationofthegiftedandtalented,offers______whichcansometimescutrightacrossanyone’sculturalassumptions.
A.perspectives透视;透视图;观点;全景
B.prosecutions起诉;原告;实施;从事
C.obligations债务;义务;债券;合约
D.objections反对;异议;厌恶;反对的理由
20.Obesity(肥胖,过胖;肥胖症)isanationalhealthcrisis(危机;危难时刻)andifcurrenttrendscontinue,itwillsoon______smokingintheU.S.asthebiggestsinglefactorinearlydeath,reducedqualityoflifeandaddedhealthcarecosts.
A.distinguish辨别;辨别出,识别;有别于;使杰出
B.modify改变; 减轻
C.imitate模仿,效仿;仿造,伪造
D.surpass超过; 优于; 胜过
PART2:
Cloze(15%)
Directions:
Inthispartofthetest,you’llreadanincompletepassagewith15blanks.Readthepassagecarefully,andchoosethebestanswerfromchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenonyourANSWERSHEET,findthenumberofthequestionandmarkyouranswerwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Oneofthegreatestassetsamanagercanhaveisahappyandsatisfiedteamofemployees.However,buildingsuchateamisa__21__.Unlessyou’reinseniormanagement,youmaybelimited__22__theamountofcompensationorthepromotionopportunitiesyoucanprovidetoyouremployees.Fortunately,thesearen’ttheonlyfactorsthatinfluenceemployeejobsatisfaction,or__23__themostimportant.
Providingtangibleprooftoyouremployeesthattheireffortsarerecognized,whileoften__24__assecondarytootherfactors,isstillveryimportant.Reasonableemployeeswillunderstandthatwageincreasesdohavetheirlimits,__25__theyexpecttobeadequatelycompensated.However,othertypesofincentives,suchasbonusesorprizesforthe__26__achieversinkeyperformancecategories,canbejustaseffective.
Itiscrucialthatbothincreasesandothermonetaryincentivesbeperformance__27__.Employeesshouldalwaysreceivegreaterrewardsandmorerecognitionwhentheyaregivingahigherqualityofwork.__28__beingfair,ofcourse,italsosendsthemessagethattheorganizationvaluesandrecognizesthosewho__29__theirjobsinsteadofjustdoingthebareminimum.
Thecultureandtheworkenvironmentfactorhighlyintoemployeejobsatisfaction.Employeeswhoenjoybeingaroundtheircoworkersandrespecttheirmanagementteamaremore__30__tostayinajobwhentheyagreewiththecompany’sgoalsandvalues.
Anothermajor__31__tojobsatisfactionishowtheemployeefeelsabouttheirroleandresponsibilities.Studiesshow__32__thosesurveyedabouttheirlevelofjobsatisfactionhavecitedfactorssuchasthedesirefor__33__intheirwork,havingavarietyoftasksto__34__,beingproperlytrainedandequippedtodotheirjobs,andhavingworkthatischallengingandrequiresthoughtandcreativity.Employeeslookingto__35__acompanywillhaveaninterestintheirpersonaldevelopmentandopportunitiesforadvancementaswell.
Aboveall,employeeswanttofeelthatboththeyandtheirworkarevaluedandappreciatedbythecompany.
21.
A.blessing
B.handicap障碍; 缺陷; 不利条件
C.challenge
D.failure
22
A.infavorof赞成[支持](某人或某事物); 以…取代
B.intermsof根据; 用…的话; 就…而言
C.onbehalfof为了…的利益; 代表…
D.ontopof在…上边; 在…上方; 除…之外
23.
A.necessarily
B.viciously邪恶地,敌意地
C.accurately正确无误地,准确地; 精确地
D.collectively全体地,共同地
24.
A.torank
B.beingranked
25.
C.ranked
A.therefore因此; 所以; 故
C.otherwise否则,不然
D.ranks
B.unless除非,如果不
D.but但是; 而是; 除了; 只因为
26.
A.top
B.bottom
C.low
D.peak最高的; 最大值的
27.
A.driving驱使; 驱赶
B.driven奋发努力的; 发愤图强的
28.
C.counting计算
A.Inadditionto除…之外
C.Withregardto关于; 就; 说起
D.counted有价值; 数出总数; 算得上
B.Regardlessof不管,不顾
D.Forthesakeof为了
29.
A.specializein专攻,精通,以…为专业
B.excelat(在某一活动方面)表现杰出,擅长于
C.drawon利用; 凭借
D.wardoff避开,挡住; 架
30.