天津大学级英语期末试题带答案及单词翻译综述.docx
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天津大学级英语期末试题带答案及单词翻译综述
ENGLISHPROFICIENCYEXAM
FORNON-ENGLISHMAJORPOSTGRADUATESTUDENTS
TIANJINUNIVERSITY
Jan.5th,2012
PART1:
Vocabulary（20%）
Directions:
Inthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
1.Mutualendeavor（共同努力）hasshapedourworld,andmutualism（互利共生;互惠共生）,thebeliefthatindividualandcollective（个人与集体）well-beingisobtainable（可获得的，可取得的）onlybymutualdependence（相互依存）,______familylife,relationshipsandsociety.
A.underpins基础结构
B.overstates夸大（某事）
C.underlines在…下面画线;加强，强调
D.overcomes战胜，克服
2.Amanoforiginalpowercanneverbe______withinthelimitsofasinglefieldofinterestandactivity,norcanheeverbecontentto（满足于）bearthemarksandusetheskillofasingleoccupation（职业，工作）.
A.located坐落的，位于的
B.liberated被解放的;无拘束的;放纵的
C.committed忠诚的，坚定的
D.confined有限的，受限制的;狭窄的;
3.Asaresultoftechnologicalconvergence（技术融合）andprogressindigitization（数字化）,thelaboratories（实验室）ofcomputertechnologyandconsumerelectronicsfirms（消费电子企业）are______intheraceforinnovationandsophistication（创新与成熟）.
A.searching
B.competing
C.intervening发生于其间的;介于中间的;
D.absorbing
4.Thedegreeinwhichaman______hisworkandgivesitthequalityofhisownmindandspiritisthemeasureofhissuccessingivinghisnaturefreeandfullexpression.
A.demolishes摧毁;推翻
B.standardizes使合乎规格，使标准化
C.individualizes赋予个性，个别地加以考虑
D.abolishes废除，废止
5.Incommonwithotherdevelopedeconomies,Britainhasadvocated（提倡;拥护;鼓吹;为…辩护;）thecreationofahigh-skilled,high-waged（高技能，高技术）economyby______theeducationandskillsofitsworkforce（全体员工; （国家或行业等）劳动力）.
A.renewing（使）复原，（使）更新;重新开始
B.overthrowing打倒，推翻;使终止;
C.decreasing缩短，减小，减少
D.upgrading提升;使升级;提高档次
6.Nooneontheplanetisgoingtoescapetheeffectsofglobalwarming,andforbillionstheresultingenvironmentaldeterioration（恶化;变坏;退化）isgoingtomakelife______moredifficult.
A.considerably相当，非常，颇
B.terminally末尾，一定时期地
C.originally起初，原来;独创地，独出心裁地
D.regularly有规律地，按时，照例
7.Digitaltelevisionwillenableuserstoaccessawiderangeofnewservices,suchaspay-per-viewTV,thedownloadingofvideogamesorsoftware,orchannels______insportsorteleshopping.
A.interfering干预;调停;妨碍;干涉;
B.specializing专门从事，专攻
C.participating参加，参与
D.consisting由…组成;包括;存在于
8.Earthquakesareimmenselydestructive（极大的破坏性）,mainlybecausemostcitiesinregionsofhighseismic（地震的）riskaredominated（受控的）bybuildingsthataresimplynotbuiltwellenoughto______thesevere（严峻的;严厉的;剧烈的）groundshakingofamajorquake.
A.sustain维持; 支撑，支持
B.withstand经受，承受，禁得起
C.guarantee保证，担保; 保证人
D.inspect检查，检验; 视察
9.Bygivingstudentsaccessto（入口，出口;接近）anewworldofinformation,sparkingcreativity（激发创造力）,and______richcommunicationandcollaboration（合作，协作）acrossvastdistances,computershavelongbeenapowerfultoolforeducation.
A.preventing预防;阻碍
B.disrupting使混乱，扰乱
C.facilitating促进;使便利;推进
D.manipulating控制，操纵，影响
10.Whilemoreandmorewomenare______rolesasmanagers,anewstudyreveals（显示）thatthesewomenareincreasinglyturningtothestereotypically（带有成见地）more'male'traits（特征）,suchasaggression（侵略;攻击，进攻）,togetresults.
A.defining规定;使明确;精确地解释
B.assuming假设;假定;呈现
C.regarding关于;就…而论;至于
D.interpreting解释;理解;演绎
11.Thepotentialnegativeeffectsofviolentvideogames（暴力视频游戏）onadolescentantisocialbehavior（反社会行为）,andyouthviolence______,isahighlydebatedissue,bothinacademiccircles（学术界）andamongthegeneralpublicandpolicymakers（公共政策制定者）.
A.onaverage
B.onpurpose故意地;特地;
C.inparticular尤其，特别
D.inadvance预先，事先; 提前
12.Anewdigitalwatermarkingsystem（数字水印系统）notonlyprotectsmusicandmediafilesfromonlinepirates（网络盗版）butalsoensuresthatthequalityfor______usersisasgoodasitgets.
A.unauthorizedXX的，越权的;未经许可的
B.temporary临时的，暂时的; 短暂的
C.malicious恶意的，有敌意的;蓄意的;预谋的
D.legitimate合法的，合理的;正规的
13.Thereisrelativelylittle______ofopinionandscholarship（奖学金; 学术; 学识）aboutwhethergenerationaldifferences（代际差异）existthatareworthtakingintoconsiderationintheworkplace,colleges,anduniversities,andothercontexts（背景; 投资环境; 设备场境）.
A.permission允许; 批准
B.minority少数;少数民族;未成年
C.absence缺席，缺勤; 缺乏
D.consensus一致;舆论;一致同意
14.Youngpeople’sworldshavechangedinavarietyofways,manyofwhichhavea______onthesortofeducationandtrainingthattheydemand.
A.contact联系，接触vi
B.bearing关系;方位;态度，举止n
C.lead榜样;领导
D.stake 股份;重大利益
15.Nowadaysgraduatesinthelabormarketareexpectedtobeflexible（灵活的）,todirectandsteer（操纵，控制; 引导）theirownworkaswellasthatofothers,totakeresponsibilityandtomould（形成; 陶冶，训练）jobstomakebestuseoftheir______intheglobalmarketeconomy.
A.expectations希望;预料;（被）预期
B.blunders（因无知、粗心等造成）的错误
C.competencies能力
D.defects 缺点; 弱点
16.Nogenerationismoreatease（安逸，自由自在;自然）withonline,collaborative（合作的;协作的）technologiesthantoday’syoungpeople—“digitalnatives”,whohavegrownupina/n______computingenvironment.
A.immersive拟真的;
B.emergent紧急的; 浮现的; 突然出现的
C.hostile敌人的，敌对的;怀有敌意的;不利的
D.rural乡下的，农村的;田园的;地方的
17.Whereasuniversityresearchanddevelopmentdepartments（发展部门）mayoncehavebeentheprimaryarena（表演场地，舞台;竞技场）fortestingnewtoolsandtheories,thesurveydata（调查数据）reveal（显露;揭露;泄露）thatcorporations（公司;法人）nowhavethe______inadoptingnewinnovations（采用新的创新）.
A.right正确;权利
B.edge边;优势;边缘，端;锋利，尖锐
C.control
D.license许可证，执照;特许
18.Accesstotechnologyinschoolisparticularlyimportant______increasingdisparities（不同;不等;不一致;悬殊）intechnologyaccessoutsideofschool.
A.intunewith与……协调，与……一致
B.inlinewith跟…一致，符合;本着
C.inneedof需要
D.inlightof按照，根据
19.Takinganinternationaloverviewonanything,inthiscasetheout-of-schooleducationofthegiftedandtalented,offers______whichcansometimescutrightacrossanyone’sculturalassumptions.
A.perspectives透视;透视图;观点;全景
B.prosecutions起诉;原告;实施;从事
C.obligations债务;义务;债券;合约
D.objections反对;异议;厌恶;反对的理由
20.Obesity（肥胖，过胖;肥胖症）isanationalhealthcrisis（危机;危难时刻）andifcurrenttrendscontinue,itwillsoon______smokingintheU.S.asthebiggestsinglefactorinearlydeath,reducedqualityoflifeandaddedhealthcarecosts.
A.distinguish辨别;辨别出，识别;有别于;使杰出
B.modify改变; 减轻
C.imitate模仿，效仿;仿造，伪造
D.surpass超过; 优于; 胜过
PART2:
Cloze（15%）
Directions:
Inthispartofthetest,you’llreadanincompletepassagewith15blanks.Readthepassagecarefully,andchoosethebestanswerfromchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenonyourANSWERSHEET,findthenumberofthequestionandmarkyouranswerwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Oneofthegreatestassetsamanagercanhaveisahappyandsatisfiedteamofemployees.However,buildingsuchateamisa__21__.Unlessyou’reinseniormanagement,youmaybelimited__22__theamountofcompensationorthepromotionopportunitiesyoucanprovidetoyouremployees.Fortunately,thesearen’ttheonlyfactorsthatinfluenceemployeejobsatisfaction,or__23__themostimportant.
Providingtangibleprooftoyouremployeesthattheireffortsarerecognized,whileoften__24__assecondarytootherfactors,isstillveryimportant.Reasonableemployeeswillunderstandthatwageincreasesdohavetheirlimits,__25__theyexpecttobeadequatelycompensated.However,othertypesofincentives,suchasbonusesorprizesforthe__26__achieversinkeyperformancecategories,canbejustaseffective.
Itiscrucialthatbothincreasesandothermonetaryincentivesbeperformance__27__.Employeesshouldalwaysreceivegreaterrewardsandmorerecognitionwhentheyaregivingahigherqualityofwork.__28__beingfair,ofcourse,italsosendsthemessagethattheorganizationvaluesandrecognizesthosewho__29__theirjobsinsteadofjustdoingthebareminimum.
Thecultureandtheworkenvironmentfactorhighlyintoemployeejobsatisfaction.Employeeswhoenjoybeingaroundtheircoworkersandrespecttheirmanagementteamaremore__30__tostayinajobwhentheyagreewiththecompany’sgoalsandvalues.
Anothermajor__31__tojobsatisfactionishowtheemployeefeelsabouttheirroleandresponsibilities.Studiesshow__32__thosesurveyedabouttheirlevelofjobsatisfactionhavecitedfactorssuchasthedesirefor__33__intheirwork,havingavarietyoftasksto__34__,beingproperlytrainedandequippedtodotheirjobs,andhavingworkthatischallengingandrequiresthoughtandcreativity.Employeeslookingto__35__acompanywillhaveaninterestintheirpersonaldevelopmentandopportunitiesforadvancementaswell.
Aboveall,employeeswanttofeelthatboththeyandtheirworkarevaluedandappreciatedbythecompany.
21.
A.blessing
B.handicap障碍; 缺陷; 不利条件
C.challenge
D.failure
22
A.infavorof赞成[支持]（某人或某事物）; 以…取代
B.intermsof根据; 用…的话; 就…而言
C.onbehalfof为了…的利益; 代表…
D.ontopof在…上边; 在…上方; 除…之外
23.
A.necessarily
B.viciously邪恶地，敌意地
C.accurately正确无误地，准确地; 精确地
D.collectively全体地，共同地
24.
A.torank
B.beingranked
25.
C.ranked
A.therefore因此; 所以; 故
C.otherwise否则，不然
D.ranks
B.unless除非，如果不
D.but但是; 而是; 除了; 只因为
26.
A.top
B.bottom
C.low
D.peak最高的; 最大值的
27.
A.driving驱使; 驱赶
B.driven奋发努力的; 发愤图强的
28.
C.counting计算
A.Inadditionto除…之外
C.Withregardto关于; 就; 说起
D.counted有价值; 数出总数; 算得上
B.Regardlessof不管，不顾
D.Forthesakeof为了
29.
A.specializein专攻，精通，以…为专业
B.excelat（在某一活动方面）表现杰出，擅长于
C.drawon利用; 凭借
D.wardoff避开，挡住; 架
30.
升级会员 