关于文化旅游节庆的影响外文翻译.docx

关于文化旅游节庆的影响外文翻译.docx

《关于文化旅游节庆的影响外文翻译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《关于文化旅游节庆的影响外文翻译.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

关于文化旅游节庆的影响外文翻译

外文翻译

原文

TheImpactofFestivalsonCulturalTourism

MaterialSource:

The2ndDeHaanTourismManagementConference“DevelopingCulturalTourism”Author:

RazaqRaj

Introduction

TodayfestivalsareconsideredtocontributesignificantlytotheculturalandeconomicdevelopmentwealthoftheUnitedKingdom.Thefestivalshavemajorimpactonthedevelopmentofculturaltourismtothehostcommunities.Thefestivalorganisersarenowusingthehistoricalandculturalthemestodeveloptheannualeventstoattractvisitorsandcreatingculturalimageinthehostcitiesbyholdingfestivalsinthecommunitysettings.Thedesireforfestivalsandeventsisnotspecificallydesignedtoaddresstheneedsforanyoneparticulargroup.Thehostingofeventsareoftendevelopedbecauseofthetourismandeconomicopportunitiesadditiontosocialandculturalbenefits.Manyresearchershavecontestedthatlocalcommunitiesplaysvitalroleindevelopmentoftourismthroughfestivals.

Eventshavethepotentialtogenerateavastamountoftourismwhentheycatertoout-of-regionvisitors,grants,orsponsorships,（Getz,1997）ofdirectorindirectintent.Thegovernmentnowsupportandpromoteeventsaspartoftheirstrategiesforeconomicdevelopment,nationbuildingandculturaltourism.Theeventsinturnareseenasimportanttoolforattractingvisitorsandbuildingimagewithindifferentcommunities.AccordingtoStiernstrand（1996）,theeconomicimpactoftourismarisesprincipallyfromtheconsumptionoftourismproductsinageographicalarea.AccordingtoMcDonnell,AllenandO’Toole（1999）,tourismrelatedservices,whichincludetravel,accommodation,restaurants,shoppingarethemajorbeneficiariesoftheevent.

Asfaraseventsandtourismisconcerned,therolesandresponsibilitiesofgovernmentsaswellprivatesectorandsocietyingeneralhavesignificantlychangedoverthelastdecade.Thesituationhavebeenchangedwherethestatehadthekeyresponsibilityfortourismdevelopmentandpromotiontoaworldwherethepublicsectorisobligedtoreinventitselfbyrelinquishingofitstraditionalresponsibilitiesandactivitiesinfavourofbothprovincial/stateandlocalauthorities.Thisindicatesthegrowinginfluenceonthebehaviourofgovernmentsandbusinessingeneralofdevelopmentofeventandtourismindustries.Thissuggeststhatfestivalsimpactonthehostpopulationandstakeholdersinanumberofways.Thesefactorsareprimarilyconcernedwithsocialandcultural,physicalandenvironmental,politicalandeconomicimpacts,andcanbebothpositiveandnegative.

Thispaperinitiallyreviewsliteraturerelatedtotheculturaltourismandtheroleoffestivalsinthecreationofopportunitiesforcommunityorientatedeventsandfestivalswhichcontrastwithtouristorientatedeventswhichhavetenuouslinkswithlocalcommunities.Moreover,paperwillarguethatcommunitybasedeventsandfestivalsprovideanopportunityforthecelebrationoflocalidentityandcommunityempowermentandcreatetourismforthelocalarea.

Thecasestudieswithinthispaperexplorethedevelopmentofculturaltourismandmulti-culturalfestivalsandeventswiththeUK,andthepositivecontributionthattheseeventsplayinsolidifyingcommunityrelationswithdevelopmentoftheculturaltourism.

CulturalTourism

CulturaltourismisdefinedbyTourismindustryprofessionalsas"Traveldirectedtowardexperiencingthearts,heritageandspecialcharacterofaplace."Thecultureisanidentityandtheimportancethatindividualpeopleplaceonlocalandnationalsocialorganisations,suchaslocalgovernments,educationinstitutions,religiouscommunities,workandleisure.Culturaltourismdescribestouristtheoncewhotakepartintheculturalactivitieswhileawayfromtheirhomecities.Culturaltourismisthatformoftourismwhosepurposeistodiscoverheritagesitesandculturalmonumentsontheirtravels.GarrisonKeillor（1995）inanaddresstotheWhiteHouseConferenceonTravel&Tourism,bestdescribedculturaltourismbysaying,

"Weneedtothinkaboutculturaltourismbecausereallythereisnootherkindoftourism.It'swhattourismis...Peopledon'tcometoAmericaforourairports,peopledon'tcometoAmericaforourhotels,ortherecreationfacilities....Theycomeforourculture:

highculture,lowculture,middleculture,right,left,realorimagined--theycomeheretoseeAmerica."

http:

//www.nasaa-arts.org/artworks/ct_contents.shtml

Thethemeofculturehasgrownoverthelasttwodecadesbutnotcleardefinitionofculturehasacceptedbythecommunityhaswhole.Thecultureinmoderndayisseenasaproductbythegovernments,largeorganisationsandindividualpeopletodeveloptheirownstandingsinthegivenmarket.Wymanstatesthatcultureplaysimportantpartinthesociety:

"...Inaneconomicclimatewherewehearsomu