the image of satan in paradise lost.docx

the image of satan in paradise lost.docx

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theimageofsataninparadiselost

TheimageofSataninParadiseLostisextremelycomplexandsubtle.Heseemstobealmostheroicintheearlierportionofthepoem,grandandmajesticinappearance,fearlessincharacter.However,asthestorydevelops,Satan’simagechangedsignificantly.InBookIheisastrong,imposingfigurewithgreatabilitiesasaleader,whereasbythepoem'sendheslinksbacktoHellasanuglyserpent.Hebeginsthepoemasajust-fallenangelofenormousstaturethatshineslikeacomet,thendisguiseshimselfasaordinarycherub,thenasacormorant,atoad,andfinallyasnake.ThissequenceofdifferentshapesassumedbySatanisnotonlythedeteriorationinhisoutwardimagebutalsoreflectthestateofhissoul

作业要求：

Mid-termresearchpaper:

OnSataninParadiseLost（about1000words）Yourpapershouldinclude:

上交打印稿，正文字体为TimesNewRome,五号字1.thetitle2.literaturereview（otherpeople’sopinionsonthesametopic）3.mainbody（yourcomment,analysis,andconclusion,etc.）4.references（showtheresourcesofliteraturereview）以下为参考文献格式[1]弥尔顿著；朱维之译.《失乐园》[M].上海译文出版社，1984[2]肖明翰.《失乐园》中自由意志与人的堕落和再生[J].外国文学评论，1999.01：

69-79[3]SOPHIEREAD.MiltonandTheCritics:

TheReceptionofParadiseLost[EB/OL].[2008-10-9]Yourpapershouldnotinclude:

IntroductionofMilton,summaryofthestoryofParadiseLostSuggestions:

1.Forliteraturereview,youmaygototheschoollibrary,haveasurveyofthistopiconCNKI（中国学术期刊网）,andfindrelativearticleswrittenbyChinesescholars;or,youmaylookformoreinformationfromtheinternet,esp.articlesinEnglish.2.ReadtheEnglishversionofParadiseLosteitherinpoemorinnovel,andpayspecialattentiontoSatan’sspeeches（whichyoumayuseinyouranalysis.）

3.AChineseversionwillbehelpfultoyou

下面就是我三个小时的大作了~

Mid-termresearchpaper:

ViewofSatan’sImageinParadiseLost

外国语************

Abstract:

SatanintheBibleisanimageofdevil.ButinParadiseLost,hehasbeenmorecomplexandhasbroughtaboutdifferentinterpretationsfromdifferentperspectives.Thisarticlemakesareviewofhisimage.Infact,heisavillainthroughoutthepoem,butshowsapsychologicalcomplexity,i.e.,thecombinationofSatanandtheauthor.Unconsciously,theauthorhasoverflowedhisdistressingandaspirationabouthimself.Keywords:

Milton;Satan;villain;unconscious;combination.Satanintheepicwasa“degeneratedangel”.HefoughtagainstGodandinducedhumanearliestancestor,AdamandEve,toeatthefruitontheknowledgetrees.Atlasthewaschangedintoahatefulsnakeandwould“Uponthybellygrovelingthoushaltgo/anddustshalteatallthedaysofthylife./BetweentheeandthewomanIwillput”（line177,book10）.HewassoarrogantthathewantedtooccupyGod’sthroneandwitharmfulenvytodestroythebeautifullifeinGardenofEden,hebrought“guilt”and“death”ontotheheadsoftheinnocentpeople.Thepoemwas“tojustifythewaysofGodtoman”,andtoadvocatesubmissiontotheAlmighty.ThesuccessofMilton’sParadiseLostowesmuchtothedepictionofthemainepicimageofSatanwhoseattributesenablehimtoachievetragicstatus.AlthoughSatanmaybeanepicmachine,heisbestportrayedasthetragicanti-heroof“paradiseLost”.ThecriticsintheworldhavebeenconcerningtheimageofSataninParadiseLost,whosecomplexitymakesthepoemmorecontroversial.RomanticpoetslikeBlake,Byron,Shelley,andsoonpointedoutthattheimageembodiedthenobleandheroicspiritoftheUnitedStates.TheybelievethatSatanwastheauthoroftheepicinthemoldhasbecomearealhero.BlackbelieveshispassiononbehalfofSatan,onbehalfoftheimaginativehumansoul.HesaidthatMiltonwroteGodandangelsovercautiously,buthewasinhiselementwhenhewrotethedevilandhell,becauseMiltonisatruepoet,standingonthesideofthedevilwithoutknowing.StanleyFishinhisessay,‘TheHarassedReaderinParadiseLost,”arguesthatSatanpossessesaformofheroismwhichiseasytoadmirebecauseitisvisibleandflamboyantandthat,onthatbasis,Satan’sattractivenessisonlyinitial（Fish189-190）.BRajan,ontheotherhand,writes:

TheheroicqualitieswhichSatanbringstohismission,thefortitude,thesteadfasthate,theimplacableresolution,whichisfoundedondespair,arequalitiesnottobeimitatedoradmired.Therearealsocriticsconsistsofrevolutionistswithstrongpoliticalinclination.Theyaregenerallycalledpro-Satanists.AndSantanismorsomeotherschoolseitherexaggeratedtheimageofSatantoarevolutionistorgivehimareligiouscharacter.Alltheseanalysesareallone-sideandpartial,withoutgivingasatisfyingreasonofthetransformationofSatan’spersonality.Sohere,Iwouldtrytoreviewitinanotherway,fromtheprospectiveoftheauthorandSatan.EventhoughSatanfelldownintoabottomlessabyss,hewasstillheroicandarrogant,shoulderingahardshieldjustas“Hungonhisshoulderslikethemoon”（line287,book1）,holdingapowerfulspearandwalkingontheburningwayinthehelltoassemblehissubordinates.The“freedom”complainedbySatanisakindofabsolutefreedom.“Lawandedictonus,whowithoutlaw/Errnot?

/MuchlessforthistobeourLord,（line798-799,book5）.Inhisopinion,freedommeansagreeingwithhismindandthethingsirritatedhimshouldsurelybeattacked.Hiscomprehensiononfreedomwasheavilycoloredwithviolenceandchance.Accordingly,hisfreedomwasthepowerandinfluenceofbeingasovereign.AndsohisrevoltagainstGodisalsobecausethatGodappointedhisdescendentinsteadofhimastheheir.PresumptuousSatanaddressedinthehell,excitedlyasserting“Herewemayreignsecure;and,inmychoice”（line261,book1）AndSatanwasalsofightingforfreedom.Nomatterhowhemisunderstoodtheconceptoffreedom,themenfollowinghimfirmlybelieved“Thriveunderevil,andworkeaseoutofpain/throughlaborandendurance.”（Line261-262,book2）Atthesametimehedemonstrateshisdeterminationnottobedefeatedandshowstruequalitiesofleadership.Hearguedpersuasivelythatthereisstillhopeforbattleandvictory.SatanisconvincinginhisfirstspeechtoBeelzebub,hischiefpartnerincrime,ashedeclares:

“Whatthoughthefieldbelost?

/Allisnotlost;/theunconquerablewillandstudyofrevenge,/immortalhate,/Andcouragenevertosubmitoryield:

/Andwhatiselsenottobeovercome?

/ThatglorynevershallhiswrathormightExtortfromme.（I.105-111）.Thelanguagehereispowerfulandthelinesareextremelyweighted,underliningSatan’sresolution.Hethengiveshissupporterstheopportunitytospeaktheirmindsastowhethertoengageinopenwarfareoringuiletoachievetheirend;althoughultimatelytheyagreethecourseofactionhehaspre-planned-thatis,tointroduceevilonEarth.ThroughSatan’sspeechatthebeginningofBookI,MiltonemphasizesSatan’sself-glorification.Satan’sbraveryisbestdemonstratedwhentheresolvetosendsomeonetoinvestigateEarthhasbeentakenandSatanofferstoundertakethetask.MiltondiminishesSatan’scouragebypointsoutthatSatanstandsforwardwithbravadoandpurelytogainpersonalgloryforanysuccesshemightwin.Satan’scourageisalsorestoredduringMilton’sdescriptionofSatan’sjourneythroughChaostoEarth.ButInBookIV（917-23）whentheangelsguardingParadiseconfrontSatan,GabrielalsobelittlesSatanbyaccusinghimofbeinglessvaliantthanhispeersandlessabletoendurethepainofhell.Milton’sargumentdependsuponthatbelief.SatanmustbeseenasbeingofsufficientstaturetoattemptGod’soverthrow.IfSatanisconsideredtooweak,hecanposenothreattoGodortoManandtherewouldbenoreasonforMiltonto‘justifythewaysofGodtomen’.SoMiltongivestheimpressionthatheisrulinghell.FromthebeginningtotheendSatanheldfirmlythatshowingoneselfweakwassadandhewouldneverabandonthebeliefunderanycircumstances.Satan’sstubbornnessalwaysmakesussoul-stirring.Wecan’tdenythatheisaherofullofnobleaspirationanddaring.ZhuGuangqiansaidthattheimageofSatanisbeautifulandloftyandallhisexcellentqualitieslieinhisstrongconscienceofself-respect.Thatisright.Satanisreallyoneofthosewhowouldundoubtedlystriveforself-respectatallcosts.Buthewasadevil.HerevoltedfromGod,withsinandfall,andwiththepossiblesalvation.Itpresentstheauthor’sviewsinanallegoricreligiousform,andreaderswilleasilydiscernitsbasicidea—exposureofthewaysofSatanandjustificationofthewaysofGodtomen.ItisthereflectionofthereactionaryforcesofMilton’stimeandthepassionateappealforfreedom,i.e.,thecombinationofSatanandauthor.Wealsoseethathebelievedreligiousdoctrinesfaithfully,whileontheotherhand，betrayeditarrogantly.Humanfreedomislimited.Onlywiththeliberationandsatisfactionofdesire,wecan’tmakeaworldwherepeoplearetrulyfreeandequal.Weshouldknowthathumannatureisnotonlyreflectedonmen’sspontaneouswillbutalsoonreason.Onrethinkingthetimes,Miltonsanghighpraiseofhumanwillandnoticedtheirdefectaswell.Butthemostimportantmainthemeisandwillgoontobethehumanself-respect.ThisstoryatleastpartiallyparallelseverydemocraticrevolutionsincetheBastille.Withoutadoubt,themostuniversalsentimentonearthtodayisarespectfordemocracy,especiallyinthewest,whoseinheritanceincludesthesocio-religiouspreconceptionsofSatan.So,althoughSatanisbydefaultevilandunjust,heseemstobeagreatleaderfightingforhumandignityandpopularfreedom.ThisistheinitialcatalystforsympathywithSatan.Satanrebelsforthemostpopularandsentimental