An Analysis of Holden in the Catcher in the Rye《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析.docx
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AnAnalysisofHoldenintheCatcherintheRye《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析
AnAnalysisofHoldenintheCatcherintheRye
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析
Acknowledgements
Withthecompositionofthethesiscomingtoanend,Ihaveatlastobtainedanopportunitytoexpressmygratitudetomysupervisor,whohasnotonlygivenmehergenerousandinstructiveadvice,andvaluablematerials,butalsospentmuchtimereadingandcorrectingthemanuscriptofthethesis.Besides,teachers’constantencouragementandhelpduringmystudyherecouldnotbeunderestimatedforthefulfillmentofthisthesis.
IamalsothankfultootherteachersofEnglishDepartment,whosecoursesIhaveattendedandfromwhomIhavelearnedmuch.
Iwouldalsoliketoacknowledgemydeepindebtednesstomyparentswhosparenopainsbringingmeup.
Abstract
HoldenCaulfieldistheyoungleadingcharacterinTheCatcherintheRyewithSalinger’scelebratedworkswhichwaspraisedintheAmericanliteraryarena.HewastherepresentativeofUSyouth’sstatueatthattimetosomeextent.Hisindividualcharacterofcynicismandkind-heartednessdeeplyshockedgenerationsofAmericanreaders.
Holdenisamanofmarkedindividuality.Thekeypointwhatthispaperanalyzesishispersonalcharacters.Holdenlivesinthesocietywithcontradictions.“Phony”,probablythemostfamousphrasefromTheCatcherintheRye,isoneofHolden’sfavoriteconcepts.Itishiscatcher—allfordescribinghypocrisyanduglinessthatencountersintheworldaroundhim.Asarebel,heisstrugglingwiththeworld.Meanwhileheisindeeplovewithpurityofhischildhoodandinnocenceofchildren.Moreimportantly,hedefendschildren’ssoulandkeepswatchthebrightideal.ThispapercentersontwomajoraspectstoanalyzecharactersofHolden.Oneishisrebelliousspirit;theotherishisconsistentpursuitofdefendingpurityandseekingloftyideal.
Throughain-depthstudyon thepersonalityoftheleadingcharacter,thispaperhelpsthereadersunderstandtheclassicalfigureofHolden,therealityofAmericansocietyafterWorldWarⅡandtheprofoundsignificanceofthiswork.
Keywords:
Innocence;Rebel;Phony
摘要
霍尔顿是塞林格扬名美国文坛的名作《麦田里的守望者》的小主人公,他可以称得上是代表当时美国青年的铸像。
诚然,个性鲜明的霍尔顿深深地震撼着一代代的读者。
霍尔顿的个性特征是本文分析的重点.主人公存在于矛盾对立的社会现实中。
“假模假样”是《麦田里的守望者》这部小说中的经典语言,同时也是主人公惯用的词语。
通过它足以把霍尔顿眼中世界的虚伪,丑恶诠释地淋漓尽致。
作为社会的反叛者,主人公在孤独,踌躇中苦苦挣扎。
叛逆的同时,他又对童年时光的纯真情有独钟,更重要的是他捍卫儿童心灵,守望美好的理想的形象更加发人深思。
本文立足于霍尔顿矛盾性格对立的视角,分析其个性特征中的两大层面。
一方面是透析他个性中的反叛性;另一方面是解读他捍卫纯真,守望美好的崇高理想。
这篇论文通过对主人公个性特征深层次的解析,以求能帮助读者更好地理解霍尔顿这个经典形象,理解第二次世界大战后美国现实社会,以及作品蕴涵的深刻思想意义。
关键词:
纯真;反叛;假模假样
TableofContents
Acknowledgementsi
Abstractii
摘要iii
TableofContentsiv
Chapter1Introduction1
Chapter2TheHypocriticalWorldinHolden’sEyes2
2.1HypocriticalWorld2
2.1.1ABywordofSociety—Phony2
2.1.2Holden’sSensitivitytoPhony4
2.2ALiarintheHypocriticalWorld5
Chapter3ARebelResentingtheWorld6
3.1ARebelagainstMundaneAffairs6
3.1.1ARebelagainsttheSchool6
3.1.2ASymbolfortheRebel—RedHuntingCap7
3.2EvadingintheRevolt8
3.3GrowingintheRevolt10
Chapter4Holden—theInnocentimageinTheCatcherintheRye11
4.1Holden—AYoungManLovingPureChildhoodTime11
4.2Holden--APatronGodforChildren12
4.2.1TheIdealEden13
4.2.2ACatcher13
Chapter5Conclusion15
Bibliography16
Chapter1Introduction
JeromeDavidSalingerisborninNewYorkCity,onJanuary1st,1916.HegrewupinNewswireandlaterattendedthreecolleges.Asearlyastheageoffifteenhebeganwriting.Whenhewastwentyonehepublishedhisfirstshortstory.AfterserviceasaninfantrysergeantinEuropeduringWorldWarⅡhewrotemorestories,mostofwhichwerepublishedinCollier’s,SaturdayEveningPostcollectedpapersandotherjournals.Salinger,amanofmysteryandconscientiousness,aliensfromallthingsconnectedwiththesociety.InSalinger’sworks,hisprotagonistsareoftensensitiveandveryawareofadolescents,oradultswho,ineithercase,seektheirownidentityinrelationtoanexternalworldwithwhichtheyfindthemselvesmoreorlessatodds.Andalso,alienationordisenchantmentwiththeso-called“adult”worldfigureslargelyexistsinhiswritings.
WiththepublicationofTheCatcherintheRyein1951,J.D.Salingergainedalmostanimmediateacceptanceasbeingamongthemostsignificantpost-WorldWarⅡAmericannovelists.InTheCatcherintheRye,a16yearsoldmiddle-schoolstudent,Holden,wasdismissedbyPenceySchoolforthefourthtime.Thenhechosetobeatramp.Thethreedays’vagrantlifevividlyreflectshisexperiencesandfeelings.ItmanifeststheAmericanyoungpeople’sdepressedandindecisivepsychology.Andalso,itshowsusthehypocriticalandrepulsiveoftheadultworld.WhatHoldenhadseenandheardhadarousedtheinnumerablecontemporarypeople’sintensesympatheticchord.Manyadultsalsohadabetterunderstandingoftheyoungergenerationsthroughreadingthisbook.Holden,asanincompletelysensiblechildaswellasan“adult”—justasaknow-it-all,strugglestofindtherightpathintoadulthood.Hefindsthehypocrisyanduglinessoftheworldaroundhimsurprisinglyunbearable.Andthroughhisvisualanglehetriedtoprotecthimselffromthepainanddisappointmentintheadultworld.However,heisconstantlydistressedthatheiskeepingfallingintoadulthoodandhefinallyrealizestheaimoflifethatheisseekingfor.
Thispaperfocusesonthestudyofprotagonist“Holden”,especiallytryingtofurtherelaborateandanalyzehisclassicalimageonthebasisofhisrebelliousandinnocentspirit.Ithelpsreaderstohaveabetterunderstandingofthegrowingpainofthiscynicalandprecociousboy.Meanwhile,itexcavatestheideologyandconnotationofthisclassicalwork.
Chapter2TheHypocriticalWorldinHolden’sEyes
2.1HypocriticalWorld
ThesocietywhereHoldenlivesiniscomplexandmodern.ItisnolongerthesocietywhichThoreauorAdamslivedin.Peoplearesurroundedbythehypocritical,indifferent,lowlyanddegeneratedconditions.TheCatcherintheRyenotonlyrevealstheleadingcharacter’slivingconditions,furthermoreitdemonstratestheso-called“theadultworld”thatmakessomeonetobeafraidortobesick.
Inthenovel,hypocritical,uglyscenesaredisplayedineveryaspect.TheadvertisementforPenceySchoolwoulddisturbyou;thepictureofhorsejumpingoverfencegives,inhisopinion,afalseimageoftheschool.InHolden’sjudgment,Penceyisahomefordishonest,spoiledchildren,andnotforidealizedhorsemen-to-be.
Thegreatmajorityofmovies—foreign,aswellasAmerican—createanunrealworldthatHoldenfindsunacceptable.ThestoryoftheparticularmoviesrecountedbyHoldenisaglorificationofmaterialsuccessintypicalsoapoperafashion.Falsesorrowsandhappyendingsarestrewnaboutwithalavishhand.
Meanwhile,massmediaisalwaysglorifyingthesensationalanduglythings.Allofthepeoplesurroundhimdon’tdoseriousaffairs.Instead,theyarealwaystalkingaboutmoney,gamble,women,swindleandsoon.Inthesociety,peoplearewillingtoseek“conspicuousconsumption”.Thenovelillustratestheentireprocessofjockeyingforasuperiormaterialisticimageinoursociety.Itisnotactuallynecessarytoownthings;theappearanceofownershipsuffices.PeoplewhocouldnotaffordCedillas(thestatussymbolparexcellence)werebuyingtailfinstomaketheirChevroletslooklikeCedillas.Peoplewhodon’towntelevisionsetswereputtingdummytelevisionantennasontheirroofs.
EverythingishypocriticalintheeyesofHoldenwhoispursuingnaturalinnocence.Hedetestsitverymuch.
2.1.1ABywordofSociety—Phony
Wefindthatoneofthemostoften-usedwordsinHolden’slexiconis“phony”.Itappearsintheentirebookmorethan40times.Andalsoitisthemostsensitivewordforprotagonist.Heisconstantlydetectingshammotivesinthepeoplearoundhim.Atthebeginningofthenovel,theauthortellsthemainreasonwhyHoldenleftElktonHillsmiddleschool.Itissaidthat“BecauseIwassurroundedbyphonies.That’sall.Theywerecominginthegoddamwindow.Forinstance,theyhadthisheadmaster,Mr.HarshthatwasthephoniestbastardIevermetinmylife.TentimesworsethanoldThurman(theheadmasterofPenceySchool).OneSundays,forinstance,oldHaaswentaroundshakinghandswitheverybody’sparentswhentheydroveuptoschool.He’dbecharmingashellandall.Exceptifsomeboyhadlittleoldfunny-lookingparents.Youshouldhaveseenthewayhedidwithmyroommate’sparents.Imeanifaboy’smotherwassortoffatorcorny-lookingorsomething,andifsomebody’sfatherwasoneofthoseguysthatwearthosesuitswithverybigshouldersandcornyblack-and-whiteshoes,thenoldHaaswouldjustshakehandswiththemandgivethemaphonysmileandthenhe’dgotalk,formaybeahalfanhour,withsomebodyelse’sparents.”
(TheCatcherintherye,13-14)Fromthispartwemayfeelthemeaningofphoniness.
Throughreadingmoreandmorechapters,wegetdeeperunderstandingof“phony”.ThesituationinPenceySchoolisthesameasElktonHillsmiddleschool.Penceydeclaresthatithascultivatedinnumerableoutstandingandintelligentyouthsfrom1888.ThebigwordsforHoldenareofnousewhatsoever.Strictlyspeaking,theyareforthebirds.“Theydon’tdoanydamnmoremoldingatPenceythantheydoatanyotherschool.”
(TheCatcherintherye,2)Infactinanywherepersonsandthemattersaregainingfamebydeceivingpeople.Fortheweekendeveningmeals,studentshavebeefsteakorotherfoodasusual.Butthisgoodfoodistakingforstudentsbynomeans,becausemanystudents’guardiansalwayscometoschoolonSunday.Theschoolauthoritiesareafraidthat