帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案双语.docx

帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案双语.docx

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帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案双语

Chapter1

I

YES，Pleaserefertothe1stparagraphofthetext.

II

流动性过剩

自给自足

经济资源

直接投资

国际收支

易货交易

出口退税

倾销

出口型经济增长

东道国

贸易差额

贸易顺差／贸易逆差

欧盟

国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差

有形贸易

无形贸易

货物贸易

服务贸易

excessliquidity

self-sufficient

economicresources

directinvestment

balanceofpayments

barter

exporttaxrebate

dumping

export-driveneconomicgrowth

hostcountry

balanceoftrade

favorable/unfavorablebalanceoftrade

EuropeanUnion

favorable/unfavorablebalanceofpayments

visibletrade

invisibletrade

tradeingoods

tradeinservices

III

ThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.

IV

1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.

2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods.

3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.

4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.

5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.

6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.

V

1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.

2.Intoday'scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationsparticipateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresources（land,laborandcapital）thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneeds.Asforthepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.

3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.

4.FDI,theabbreviationformForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncompanyistrade.ThegreatsignificanceofFDIforChinamightbethat:

FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.

Chapter2

I

关税壁垒

非关税壁垒

从量税

配额

保护性关税

市场失灵

幼稚产业

许可证制度

财政关税

政府采购

贸易保护主义

从价税

最低限价

本地采购规则

增加内需

Domesticcontent

Red-tapebarriers

Exportsubsidies

Bindingquota

Absolutequotas

VER

Tariff-ratequotas

Zeroquota

"Buylocal"rules

Tariffbarriers

non-tariffbarriers

specificduties

quota

protectivetariff

marketfailure

infantindustry

licensingsystem

Revenuetariff

governmentprocurement

tradeprotectionism

AdValoremDuties

floorprice

"buylocal"rules

raisedomesticdemand

国内含量

进口环节壁垒

出口补贴

绑定配额

绝对配额

自愿出口限制

关税配额

零配额

本地采购原则

II

1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.

保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。

.

2.IftheRussiansreleasetheirstocksoffinintotheworldmarket,thepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.

一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。

3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmakingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.

保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。

4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variable,orcompound.IntheUnitedStates,theimpositionoftariffsismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven"Rounds”ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradetradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.

关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。

在美国，只对进口商品征税。

关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。

继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。

III

1.Tariffi