英语六级考试真题详细参考答案全三套Word格式文档下载.docx
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Ithinkshehastobecommendedformakinganefforttoincludeanecdotesaboutlittleknownfemalescientists。
Youknowtheywereoftenvictimsofagenerationfirmlyconvincedthatthewoman’splacewasinthehome。
Ilikehowthebookisclearlywrittenwitheachchapterbroughttolifebypiecesoffascinatingknowledge。
ForexampleinonechaptersheexposesamyththatI‘veheardtaughtbyuniversityphysicsprofessors。
I’veoftenheardthatmedievalglasswindowsarethickeratthebottombecauseglassflowslikeafluid。
This,sheshows,isnottrue。
Thedistortionisactuallythankstoapeculiarityoftheglassmakersprocess。
YeahIlikehowshecultivatesscientificengagementbyprovidingahostofDoItYourselfexperimentsthatbringthesamefoundationalprinciplesofclassicalphysicsthatgoverneverythingfromthesolarsystemtoyourkitchentable。
Fromusingcomplexlawsofphysicstotestwhetheraspinningeggiscookedtomeasuringatmosphericpressurebyliftingapieceofcardboard。
Herhands-onexamplesmakeherbookatrulyinteractiveread。
YesImustsaythisaequation-freebookisanidealreadforscientistsofallstripes,anyoneteachingscienceandevenpeoplewhodislikephysics。
Question1：
whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebookthemanrecommended？
Question2：
whatcanwefindinthebookthemanrecommended。
？
Question3：
Howdoestheauthorbringherbooktolife？
Question4：
Howdoesthebookcultivatereadersinterestinphysics。
conversation2
A：
Hiprofessor。
IwashopingIcouldhaveamomentofyourtimeifyou‘renottoobusy。
I’mhavingsomeproblemsgettingstartedonmydissertationandIwashopingyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtobegin。
B：
Sure。
Ihavequiteafewstudentsthough.Socanyouremindmewhatyourtopicis？
thegeneraltopicIchoseisaesthetics,butthat‘sasfarasI’vegotIdon‘treallyknowwheretogofromthere。
Yeah,that‘smuchtoolargeatopic。
Youreallyneedtonarrowitdowninordertomakeitmoreaccessible。
Otherwiseyou’llbewritingabook。
Exactly。
That‘swhatIwantedtoaskyouabout。
Iwashopingitwouldbepossibleformetochangetopics。
I’mreallymoreinterestedinnaturethanbeauty。
I‘mafraidyouhavetoadheretotheassignedtopic。
Still,Ifyou’reinterestedinnature,thenthatcertainlycanbeworkedintoyourdissertation。
We‘vetalkedaboutHumebeforeinclassright。
Ohyeah,he‘sthephilosopherwhowroteaboutwhereourideasofbeautycomefrom。
Isuggestyougotothelibraryandgetacopyofhisbiography。
Startfromthere。
Butremembertosticktotheparametersoftheassignment。
Thispaperisalargepartofyourcumulativegrade。
Somakesuretofollowtheinstructions。
Ifyoutakealookathisbiography。
Youcangetagoodideaofhowhislifeexperiencesmanifestthemselvesinhistheoriesofbeauty。
specificallythewayhelookedtowardsnatureastheoriginofwhatwefindbeautiful。
Great。
Thanksfortakingthetimetoanswermyquestions,Professor。
I‘llletyougetbacktoclassnow。
Ifthere‘sanythingelseyouneed,pleasecomeseemeinmyofficeanytime。
Question5：
Whatistheman‘sproblem？
Question6Whatdoestheprofessorthinkoftheman‘stopic？
Question7What’sthemanreallymoreinterestedin？
Question8whatdoestheprofessorsaythemanhastodo？
passage1
DuringthearcticwinterfromOctobertoMarch,theaveragetemperatureinthefrozennorthtypicallyhoversaroundminus20degreesCelsius。
ButthisyeartheArcticisexperiencingmuchhighertemperatures。
OnFebruarythe20ththetemperatureinGreenlandclimbedabovefreezingorzerodegreesCelsiusanditstayedthereforover24hours。
ThenonFebruarythe24ththetemperatureonGreenland‘snortherntipreachedsixdegreesCelsius。
Climatescientistsdescribethephenomenonasstunning。
WeatherconditionsthatdrivethisbizarretemperaturesurgehavevisitedtheArcticbefore。
Theytypicallyappearaboutonceinadecade。
However,thelastsuchincreaseintemperaturetookplacetwoyearsago。
ThisistroublingasclimbingarctictemperaturescombinedwithrapidseaicelossarecreatinganewtypeofclimatefeedbackloopwhichcouldaccelerateArcticwarming。
Indeed,seaicecoverintheArcticismeltingfasterthanexpected。
Withoutthosemassesofcoolingseaice,warmairbroughttotheArcticcanpenetratefurtherinlandthaniteverdidbefore。
Theaircanstaywarmerlongertoo。
Thisdrivesadditionalmelting。
Overallearthiswarmingatarapidpace。
2014through2017rankasthehottestyearsonrecordandtheArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastasanyplaceelseonearth。
ThisraisesuniquechallengesforArcticwildlifeandindigenouspeoplewhodependonArcticecosystemstosurvive。
PreviouslyclimateforecastspredictedthatArcticsummericewoulddisappearentirelybyaround2060,butbasedonwhatscientistsareseeingnowtheArcticmaybefacingsummerswithouticewithin20years。
Question9。
Whatdidclimatescientistsdescribeasstunning？
ATheunprecedentedhightemperatureinGreenland。
Question10。
WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthattemperaturesurgeintheArctic？
Question11。
whatmayoccurin20yearsaccordingtoscientists’recentobservations？
Passage2
Agooddoseofwillpowerisoftennecessarytoseeanytaskthroughwhetherit‘sstickingtoaspendingplanorfinishingagreatnovel。
Andifyouwanttoincreasethatwillpower。
Anewstudysuggestsyoujustsimplyhavetobelieveyouhaveit。
Accordingtothisstudy,whatmattersmostiswhatwethinkaboutourwillpower。
Ifwebelieveit’safiniteresource,weactthatway,wefeelexhaustedandneedbreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks。
However,peoplewhoviewtheirwillpowerasalimitlessresourcegetenergizedinstead。
Theresearchersusedapsychologicalassessmenttooltotestthevalidityofthestudy。
Theyasked1100Americansand1600Europeanstogradedifferentstatementssuchasafterachallengingmentalactivity,myenergyisdepletedandImustresttogetitrefueledagainorIcanfocusonamentaltaskforlongperiodswithoutfeelingtired。
[00：
01：
08]Althoughtherewaslittledifferencebetweenmenandwomenoverall。
AmericansweremorelikelytoadmittoneedingbreaksaftercompletingmentallychallengingtasksEuropeanparticipantsontheotherhandclaimedtheywereabletokeepgoing。
Basedonthefindings,theresearcherssuggestthatthekeytoboostingyourwillpoweristobelievethatyouhaveanabundantsupplyofit。
Yourfeelingsaboutyourwillpoweraffectthewayyoubehave。
Butthesefeelingsarechangeable,theysaid。
Changingyourbeliefsaboutthenatureofyourself-controlcanhavepositiveeffectsoncharacterdevelopment。
Thisleadstohealthierbehaviorsandperceptionsofotherpeople。
Question12Whatisoftennecessaryforcarryingthroughatask？
Question13Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy？
Question14WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanparticipantsascomparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts？
Question15Whatdotheresearchsayconcerningpeople‘sfeelingsaboutwillpower？
lecture1
HereismybabynieceSarah。
Hermumisadoctorandherdadisalawyer。
BythetimeSarahgoestocollegethejobsherparentsdoaregoingtolookdramaticallydifferent。
In2013,researchersatOxfordUniversitydidastudyonthefutureofwork。
Theyconcludedthatalmostoneineverytwojobshasahighriskofbeingautomatedbymachines。
Machinelearningisthetechnologythat‘sresponsibleformostofthisdisruption。
It’sthemostpowerfulbranchofartificialintelligence。
Itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandcopysomeofthethingsthathumanscando。
Mycompany,Kaggle,operatesonthecuttingedgeofmachinelearning。
Webringtogetherhundredsofthousandsofexpertstosolveimportantproblemsforindustryandacademia。
Thisgivesusanuniqueperspectiveonwhatmachinescando,whattheycan‘tdoandwhatjobstheymightautomateorthreaten。
Machinelearningstartedmakingitswayintoindustryintheearly90s。
Itstartedwithrelativelysimpletasks。
Itstartedwiththingslikeassessingcreditriskfromloanapplications,sortingthemailbyreadinghandwrittenzipcodes。
Overthepastfewyears,wehavemadedramaticbreakthroughs。
Machinelearningisnowcapableoffar,farmorecomplextasks。
In2012,Kagglechallengeditscommunitytobuildaprogramthatcouldgradehighschoolessays。
Thewinningprogramswereabletomatchthegradesgivenbyhumanteachers。
Nowgiventherightdata,machinesaregoingtooutperformhumansattaskslikethis。
Ateachermightread10000essaysovera40-yearcareer。
Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes。
Wehavenochanceofcompetingagainstmachinesonfrequenthigh-volumetasks,buttherearethingswecandothatmachinescannot。
Wheremachineshavemadeverylittleprogressisintacklingnovelsituations。
Machinescan’thandlethingstheyhaven‘tseenmanytimesbefore。
Thefundamentallimitationofmachinelearningisthatitneedstolearnfromlargevolumesofpastdata。
Buthumansdon’t。
Wehavetheabilitytoconnectseeminglydifferentthreadstosolveproblemsw
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