最新版高考英语大二轮复习专题二十三科普知识类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题文档格式.docx
《最新版高考英语大二轮复习专题二十三科普知识类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《最新版高考英语大二轮复习专题二十三科普知识类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题文档格式.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
A.Myson’srecoveryfromthedisease.
B.Thehelpfrommyco-workers.
C.Knowingwhatmyboy’sproblemis.
D.Thesignofabetterfuture.
答案C
解析词义猜测题。
根据第一段首句“WhenmysonwasfirstdiagnosedwithAutism(自闭症),itwasaveryhardtimeforus.However,insomewaysitwasarelief,becausewefinallyhadanameforwhatwasgoingoninourlives...”可知,儿子被诊断出患有自闭症,这让作者夫妇生活艰难,但值得欣慰的是,至少知道了儿子到底出什么问题了。
答案为C项。
2.Whydidtheco-workeroffertodriveforus?
A.Sheisamoreexperienceddriver.
B.Welivefarawayfromthehospital.
C.Shelivesveryclosetoourhouse.
D.Shewishestoreduceourworries.
答案D
解析推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段最后两句“Anytimeweneededtogoanywhere,shewaswillingtobeourtransportation.Shesaidthatweneededtobeabletofocusonoursoninsteadofhavingtodivideourattentionbetweentheroadandhim.”可知,这位同事愿意为作者夫妇开车,这样作者夫妇就不用在开车和儿子之间分心了。
答案为D项。
3.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheofferbyJackie?
A.It’sagreatcomfort.B.It’salast-minuteoffer.
C.It’snotnecessary.D.It’sadifficultdecisionforher.
答案A
根据第三段的内容可知,Jackie送给作者一个“忧虑石”。
当你担心的时候,它会分散你的一些注意力,减少一个人的压力,安慰紧张的心理,以及根据第四段的内容,可知答案为A项。
4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.YearsofUncertaintyB.TheMostGenerousWoman
C.InTimeofNeedD.AStoryofSacrifice
解析主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,作者讲述了自己虽遭遇不幸,但在最需要帮助的时候,自己周围的人尤其是同事给予及时的帮助,因此C项符合题意。
B
(2018河北衡水模拟)
Overahundredyearsagoin1911,somethingstrangewasfoundintheglaciersofAntarctica.CrilffithTaylor—anAustraliangeologist,haddiscoveredabloodredstreampouringoutoftheicecascades(瀑布)ofTalorGlacier!
PopularlyknownastheBloodFalls,scientistshadnotbeenabletofindthereasonbehindthebloodredliquidflowingthroughtheice—untilrecently.ThemysteryoftheBloodFallshadfinallybeensolved.
Whenthesefallswerefirstdiscovered,scientistshadbelievedthattheredcolourcamefromalargeamountofredalgae(海藻)concentratedinthewater.Redalgaecontainapigment(色素)whichreflectsredlight,makingthealgaeappearred.
Thistheorymadesense,untilitwaslaterfoundthatalgaedonotplayapartintheredcolouroftheflowingliquidatall.WhatreallycausesTalorGlacier’swatersappearbloodred,isthepresenceofironoxideintheliquid.Thewatersofthebloodfallsarerichinsaltandironcontent,andwhenthiswatercomesincontactwiththeair,itturnsred—justlikerust!
Thewaterinthesefallsisoftenreferredtoas“brine”byscientistsbecauseofthehighsaltcontentinthewater.
Thisreasoningbehindtheredcolourofthefallswasfoundbackin2003.However,theentiremysteryhadnotyetbeensolved.Howisitthen,thattheBloodFallsarenotfrozen?
ResearchersattheUniversityofColoradoandUniversityofAlaskafoundthatinsidetheglacier,therewasanetworkofchannelsandreservoirsthatmovethewateraround.Saltwaterhasalowerfreezingtemperature.Inaddition,whenanysubstanceundergoesachangeinstate,itgivesoffheat.Therefore,thebrineactuallywarmitselfupwhileit’sfreezing!
Howthisworks,isthatwhenthebrineisflowingthroughtheTalorGlacier,someofitdoesfreeze.Asaresultofchangingstatefromliquidtoice,thebrinegivesoffheat.Thisheatisenoughtokeeptherestofthebrineinliquidform,whichiswhyitflowsoutoftheglacier.
Incrediblenewchemistryfactsfound,andmysterysolved!
【语篇解读】本文是科普知识阅读。
一百多年前的1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。
科学家一直无法找到红色液体不结冰的原因。
直到最近,血瀑布的秘密终于被揭开了:
水中富含盐和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。
同时,盐分高导致它不结冰。
5.Howwastheredalgaetheoryonceconsidered?
A.Ridiculous.B.Reasonable.
C.Impractical.D.Complex.
答案B
解析细节理解题。
根据第三段首句“Thistheorymadesense,untilitwaslaterfoundthatalgaedonotplayapartintheredcoloroftheflowingliquidatall.”可知,这个理论初期被认为是有道理的,直到后来才发现海藻对流动的液体的红色并不起作用,所以答案为B项。
makesense“有道理,有意义,讲的通”。
6.WhydoestheBloodFallslookredincolour?
A.Becausethereistoomuchsaltandironinitswater.
B.Becauseitsliquidisrichinredalgae.
C.Becausetheflowingliquidreflectsredsunlight.
D.BecausetheairisthinandrareinAntarctica.
根据第三段中的“Thewatersofthebloodfallsarerichinsaltandironcontent,andwhenthiswatercomesincontactwiththeair,itturnsred—justlikerust!
”可知,因为富含盐分和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。
答案为A项。
7.WhatisthemainreasonfortheBloodFalls’notfreezing?
A.Thewatercontinuedflowingconstantly.
B.Thereistoomuchsaltinthewater.
C.Thebrinegivesoffheatwhilefreezing.
D.Temperaturesaren’thighenoughforflowingwater.
根据第五段最后一句“Asaresultofchangingstatefromliquidtoice,thebrinegivesoffheat.Thisheatisenoughtokeeptherestofthebrineinliquidform,whichiswhyitflowsoutoftheglacier.”可知,从液态到冰态变化时,卤水放出热量。
这种热量足以使其余的盐水保持液态,这就是它不结冰的原因。
8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Thediscoveryofthebloodglacier.
B.ThebirthoftheTalorGlacier.
C.TheflowingredwaterinAntarctica.
D.ThemysteryoftheBloodFalls.
1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。
文章重点分析血瀑布产生的原因,揭开神秘面纱,所以答案为D项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018重庆八中月考)
LouisCha,betterknownbyhispennameJinYong,isanestablishedwriteroftheclassicChinesewuxianovelseriesTheCondorTrilogy,AHeroBorn.
Cha 1 toCambridgeUniversityforamaster’sdegree.Aged81,hebecameoneoftheoldeststudentsto 2 intheuniversity’shistory.
Chaandhiswifelefttheirfinely-furnishedhouseinHongKongandrentedamuch 3 onenearCambridge.Itwas 4 thatafteracarefuldiscussiontheyhiredanItalian 5 sothattheycouldeatChinesefoodinanItalianstyle.
Everyday,Cha 6 aschoolbagcontainingbooksandmaterialsforclass.Asafamouskungfu 7 ,hehasmanyfans.Wheneveraskedforhissignature,hewould 8 thempolitelyandtellthemifinsteadof 9 class,hewastakingawalkorhavingacoffee,hewould 10 forthem.
“Chausedtogotoclassbybike.However,hiswife 11 thatcarsinthecampusmightknockhimdown.Then,thebikewas 12 ,butChacalledhimselfanoldmanwithlittlesenseof 13 andbeforelonghe 14 thecartoo.Nowheusesataxi.”
WhenChawasvery 15 ,hismotheroncecomparedhimtohisstarcousinXuZhimowhowenttoCambridge.Chawasalittle 16 ,determiningtoprovehimselfbystudyinginCambridgetoo. 17 ,themostimportantreasonishisstrongthirstforknowledge.Chasaid,“SomepeoplethinkIamnot 18 tobethedirectorofLiteratureSchoolinZhejiangUniversity.Idon’tretort(反驳),butIcanalways 19 myownknowledge.”
AsthemostaccomplishedandhighlyproductivefoundingfatherofChinesewuxiaclassics,Cha’sconsistent 20 tolearnreallydeservesouradmiration.
【语篇解读】本文是人物故事。
本文主要讲了中国著名的武侠小说家金庸先生在81岁的时候还去剑桥大学读书,他这种活到老学到老的精神值得我们大家学习。
1.A.appliedB.graduated
C.appealedD.entitled
解析词义辨析题。
A项“申请,应用,涂,抹,敷”;
B项“毕业”;
C项“呼吁,恳求,吸引,上诉”;
D项“授予荣誉或头衔”。
金庸申请去剑桥大学读硕士学位。
apply(tosb.)forsth.“向……申请……”。
2.A.enterB.enroll
C.writeD.show
A项“进入”;
B项“报名,登记,入学”;
C项“写”;
D项“展示”。
在这所大学的历史上,他成为入学最年长的学生之一。
答案为B项。
3.A.shabbierB.costlier
C.biggerD.brighter
根据上文“Chaandhiswifelefttheirfinely-furnishedhouseinHongKong”可知,金庸和妻子离开他们陈设精美的香港的家,那么推理到剑桥附近租的房子应该没有香港的房子那么豪华,所以答案为A项,shabby“寒酸的”。
4.A.seriousB.challenging
C.considerateD.interesting
A项“严重的,严肃的”;
B项“挑战性的”;
C项“体贴的”;
D项“有趣的”。
他们雇佣了一位意大利的厨师,这样他们就可以吃到意大利风味儿的中国菜,他们的这个做法很有趣。
5.A.babysitterB.nurse
C.chefD.teacher
解析文化常识题。
根据后文“sothattheycouldeatChinesefoodinanItalianstyle”可知,他们雇佣了一位意大利的厨师。
6.A.sendsB.carries
C.holdsD.chooses
A项“发送”;
B项“携带”;
C项“拿着,握着”;
D项“选择”。
每天,金庸携带一个装满书和材料的书包去上学。
7.A.scholarB.director
C.artistD.novelist
A项“学者”;
B项“导演”;
C项“艺术家”;
D项“小说家”。
根据第一段“LouisCha,betterknownbyhispennameJinYong,isanestablishedwriteroftheclassicChinesewuxianovelseriesTheCondorTrilogy,AHeroBorn.”可知,他是一位非常著名的武侠小说家。
8.A.refuseB.accept
C.approveD.appreciate
A项“拒绝”;
B项“接受”;
C项“赞成,批准”;
D项“欣赏,感激”。
根据下文“andtellthemifinsteadof 9 class,hewastakingawalkorhavingacoffee,hewould 10 forthem.”可知,当被要求签名时,他会礼貌地拒绝,并告诉他们如果不上课,在散步和喝咖啡时,他会给他们签名。
9.A.deliveringB.skipping
C.conductingD.attending
A项“投递,生小孩,发表演说”;
B项“跳过”;
C项“指挥”;
D项“去学校,参加”。
根据