高中英语语法讲练十二非谓语动词docWord文档下载推荐.docx
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tobuild
tohavebuilt
tobebuilding
tohavebeenbuilding
被动
tobebuild
tohavebeenbuild
2、动词不定式的基本用法:
动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:
(1)作主语:
Tohelpeachotherisgood.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:
Itisgoodtohelpeachother.
(2)作表语:
Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别,如:
Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。
(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式tosetup…为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。
)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。
(句中的aretosetup整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作是由we产生的)。
(3)作宾语:
①作及物动词的宾语,如:
Shewishestobeamusician.;
②作某些形容词的宾语:
可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等,如:
Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.;
③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:
Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?
(4)作宾语补足语,如:
Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:
Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.
(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:
Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.
(6)作定语:
动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:
Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?
和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:
Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:
Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.
(7)作状语:
动词不定式可以作下列的状语:
①目的状语:
EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto(以便或为了),但应注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可,而soasto不能位于句首,如:
ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:
Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②结果状语:
Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。
③too+形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:
Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.
3、复合结构不定式:
由for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。
其中for本身无意义。
for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:
Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等,如:
Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.
4、疑问词+动词不定式:
疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:
Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
5、动词不定式的否定式:
动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成,如:
It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.
6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:
(1)一般式:
动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:
Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.(其后),Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.(同时);
(2)完成式:
动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:
Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(3)进行式:
动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如:
ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.
7、动词不定式的被动语态用法:
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:
Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
练习、非谓语动词
(一)
1.----Canyourideahorse?
----No,Ineverhadthechance____.
A.forlearningitB.forlearninghowC.howtolearnitD.tolearnhow
2.Paulsaid,"
Givemeachair_____."
A.tositB.sitC.sitonD.tositon
3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.
A.tonoticeB.formetonoticeC.tonoticeformeD.andnotice
4.----Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?
----Yes,I'
llbeverysorry______.
A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.withleaving
5.----I'
llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.----Good.I'
dlike_____metomorrow.
A.youhelpingB.thatyouwillhelpC.youtohelpD.thatyouhelp
6.----Ididn'
thearyoucomeinlastnight.----That'
sgood.Wetried_____noisy.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.tobenotD.tonotbe
7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.
A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.livedasagoodplace
C.agoodplacetoliveinD.livinginasagoodplace
8.----Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?
----______newofficers.
A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Forselecting
9.----Wheredidhego?
----Hewenttoanotherstore______.
A.tobuypencilsB.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencilsD.buyingpencils
10.----Mybabyhasahearttrouble.----Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?
A.intreatingB.treatingC.fortreatingD.totreat
11.----Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?
----Yes,and______.
A.theyweredifficulttobeansweredB.toanswerthemwastobedifficult
C.theyweredifficulttoanswerD.theyhaddifficultyinanswering
12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.
A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didn'
teatD.tonothaveeaten
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.
A.goB.togoC.going.D.went
14.Thatboxis____.
A.tooheavyformetocarryB.tooheavyformetocarryit
C.soheavyformetocarryD.veryheavyformetocarry
15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?
A.sokindas.B.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind
16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.
A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice
C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice
17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemade
C.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.
A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving
20.Nobodylikes______.
A.tospeakillofB.tobespokenillofC.speakingillofD.spokenillof
21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.
A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen
22.Iwassurprised______.
A.watchinghimtoeatsoquicklyB.watchhimeatsoquickly
C.watchinghimeatsoquicklyD.towatchhimeatsoquickly
23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.toentering
24.IsawMary____thehouse.
A.openthedoorandgointoB.toopenthedoorandtogointo
C.openthedoorandtogointoD.openthedoorandwentinto
25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.
A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played
26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.
A.waitedB.waitingC.towaitD.wait
27.Idon'
tknowherandIdon'
t______.
A.wantB.wanttoC.wantitD.towant
28.----Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?
----Ishouldlike______,butIdon'
thavetime.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.togoto
29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.
A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell
30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.
A.lovingandtobelovedB.toloveandbeingloved
C.toloveandtobelovedD.loveandbeloved
31._____isbettertolovethan_____.
A.That,tobelovedB.That,belovedC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved
32.It'
sveryfoolish_____it?
A.foryoutosayB.ofyoutosayC.withyousayingD.inyoursaying
33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.
A.costB.tookC.spentD.used
34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.
A.rejectedB.toreject.C.toberejectedD.rejecting
35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.
A.getB.getsC.shouldgetD.toget
36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.
A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake
37.Ireallydon'
tknow____.
A.toswimB.howtoswimC.toswimhowD.howswim
38.----WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?
----It'
sadifficultlanguage_____.
A.speakingB.tobespokenC.tospeakD.spoken
非谓语动词
(二)——动词-ing形式
(二)-ing形式:
动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式:
-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:
动词语态
形式
及物动词make
不及物动词go
主动语态
被动语态
making
beingmade
going
havingmade
havingbeenmade
havinggone
2、-ing形式的基本用法。
Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。
Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。
如:
Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.
Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.
①作及物动词的宾语。
Shelikesdrawingverymuch.;
②作某些短语动词的宾语。
MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.;
③do+限定词(my,some,any,the等)+-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:
WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?
④作介词的宾语:
Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.;
⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语:
Thisbookiswellworthreading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:
Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?
(4)作定语:
Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?
注:
-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:
ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.
(5)作宾语补足语:
Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注:
当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中