英语作文注意事项Word格式文档下载.docx

英语作文注意事项Word格式文档下载.docx

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Thisopinionsoundsidealtheoretically.Howeverinreality,humanbeingsandotheranimalscannotstaytogetherpeacefullyontheEarth.Becauseofhumanbeings’lustforfortune,manyvaluableanimalsarekilledorsold,especiallythoseendangeredspecies.Therefore,zoosappearasanactivewayforpeopletoprotectthosepooranimals.First,thisisanactionnotonlyforanimalsbutalsoforhumanbeingitself.Oncethebiologicalchainisbroken,humanbeingswillbepunishedinevitably.Next,zooscanserveapurposeofeducatingandentertainingpeople,narrowingthedistancebetweenhumanbeingsandanimals.Last,zooscanbeascientificstudycentertorescuemoreendangeredspicesandmakeanimalsbetterservepeople’sneed.

Thekeypointofthistopicisfreedomorprotection.Inmyopinion,thosetwoaspectscanbeunified.Itisnecessarytokeepanimalsinzoosforthepurposeofprotection,teachingandstudy.Let’sthinkitfurther,thepurposeofalltheseactionsistomakeanimalslivehappier,therefore,maintaintheecologicalbalance,henceprotectourownlivingenvironment.

Dependingonwhomyouask,aworldwithoutzoosandaquariumsiseitheragloriousheavenoragloomydungeon.

Theseopposingideologiesmakekeepinganimalsincaptivityacontroversialtopic,andwiththerecentdeathofSeaWorldOrlandotrainerDawnBrancheau,whowaskilledbyfive-tonkillerwhaleTillikum,thedebatehasbeenrenewed.

Theissuehastwosides:

thosewhobelievekeepinganimalsincaptivitypromotesconservationandeducation,andthosewhobelieveitsupportsanimalcruelty.

TheAssociationofZoosandAquariums（AZA）fallsunderthefirstcategory.Accordingtoastudyconductedoverthecourseofthreeyears,AZAconcludedthatzoosandaquariumsteachvisitorsaboutnatureand,bygivingthemamemorableexperience,makesthemwanttoprotectit.Infact,whenvisitorswerecalledsevento11monthsaftertheirzoovisit,61percentwerestillabletotalkaboutwhattheylearnedatthezooand35percentsaidthevisitreinforcedtheirexistingbeliefsaboutconservation.

Ontheothersideofthedebate,activistslikeDaleJamiesonfeelthatkeepinganimalsincaptivityisimmoral.Inhisessay,“AgainstZoos,”Jamiesonwrotethatzoosrestrictanimals’libertybynotallowingthemtogathertheirownfoodorbehaveintheirnaturalsocialpatterns.

Also,zoosaren’tassuccessfulinconservationandeducationastheyclaim,Jamiesonsaid.Inconservation,heaccusessomezoosoftakingmoreanimalsfromthewildthanreplacingandofbreedingmoreanimalsthantheyneed—sendingextraanimalstoindividualsorinstitutionsthatdon’thavethenecessaryfacilitiestocareforthem.Ineducation,hearguesthatthereislittleproofofzooshavingsuccessfuleducationalprograms.HecitedfromStephenKellert'

spaper,“ZoologicalParksinAmericanSociety,”thatzoovisitorstendtoknowlessaboutanimalsthanbackpackers,hikersandotherpeoplewhohaveaninterestinanimals,andtheysometimesonlyknowalittlemorethanpeoplewhodon’thaveaninterestinanimals.

Thezoo’sargument

JackBrown,thedirectoroftheSantaFeCollegeTeachingZoo,saidzooshavetwomajorfunctions:

toeducatevisitorsandconservewildlife.Theteachingzoo,afive-semesterprogramofclassesandhands-onanimalexperience,helpstrainstudentstoaddressthesefunctions.

“We’renotmakinganimaljanitors,”Brownsaid.“We’remakingzoologists.”

However,Brownsaideducationisazoo’smostimportantfunction.Hebelievesthatallofhisstudentsshouldbeabletoconfidentlyteachvisitorsaboutnaturebecausethisiswhatgivesguestsastrongerdesiretoprotecttheenvironment.

“Thewholeideaofhavingazoosimplyasaplacetoexhibitanimalsissilly,”hesaid.“Weneedtobeeducators,andweneedtomakeahugeimpactonourcommunityintermsofpubliceducation.”

Theteachingzooaccomplishesthisbyplacinginformationalplaquesateachexhibitandofferingeducationalprogramsforpeopleofallages.However,Brown’sfavoritevisitorstoeducatearechildren.

“Iwantlittlekidstohavethisinsatiablehungertoalwayslearn,”hesaid.

Hehopesthatgivingchildrenthedesiretolearnaboutnaturewillteachthemtoprotectitinthefuture.ParaphrasingFlorida’s“Nochildleftbehind,”Brownbelievesin“Nochildleftinside,”andsaidthezoos’programsfocusongettingchildrenoutsideandshowingthemthebig,beautifulworldavailableforthemtostudy.

Andvisitingzoosmakeguestsofallagescareaboutanimalsinthisbigworld,hesaid.Byhavingthisexperience,theywanttoconservetheenvironment,whichisazoo’ssecondimportantfunction.

Conservationisnecessarytoprotecttheworld,Brownsaid.Peopleneedtolivewithnatureandnotabuseit.Allspeciesareintertwined,andhumans’survivalisequallydependentonnature’ssurvival.

However,someofnatureisalreadydying,andzoologicalconservationisthelasthopeforanimalsintheseareas.Theteachingzoo,whichispartoftheSpeciesSurvivalPlan（SSP）,workstosavetheseendangeredanimals.

SSPfocusesonbreedinganimalsforconservation,preservingnaturalhabitats,teachingpeopleaboutnatureandsupportingenvironmentalresearch.Thenation’s116participatingzoosandaquariumsprotect172endangeredspecies.

Attheteachingzoo,SSPanimalsareusedasmessageboardstoteachvisitorsaboutthespeciesandwhyit’sendangered.

AndsometimesSSPisabletoreintroduceanimalsbackintothewild.TheGuamrail,abirdfoundattheteachingzoo,becameextinctinthewildwhenitsislandwasoverrunbyanindigenoussnake.However,SSPrecentlybeganreintroducingthemintoanearbyislandthatdoesnothavethesesnakes.

Brownbelieveszoosplayanimportantroleinwildlifeeducationandconservation,andiftheydisappear,thentheworldwilllackimportantinstitutionsneededtoprotecttheenvironment.

Infact,inorderforaworldwithoutzoostobethesameasonewithzoos,Brownsaidtwothingsmusthappen.Schoolchildrenmustbeabletotraveltheworldtoseeanimalsintheirnaturalhabitats,andpeoplemustknowhowtoprotecttheenvironmentandeliminateendangeredspecies.Sincebothoftheseareunlikely,aworldwithoutzooswouldbeaverysadplace,hesaid.

Theanimalrescuer’sargument

BruceCapin,a47-year-oldLaCrosse,Fla.,residentwhorescuesabusedandneglectedanimals,hasasimilarlygloomyviewofaworldwithoutzoos.

Heseesitasagiantvoid.Withoutzoos,therewillbeagreaterdistancebetweenpeopleandanimals,andonedaythismayleadtoanemptyplanet.

“Oncethat’sdone,thespiritoftheearthisdead,”hesaid.

Therefore,heopenedhisnonprofitorganizationYahtok’ya,meaningsunlightintheNativeAmericanlanguageofZuni,torescueabusedandneglectedanimals.

Capincurrentlycaresforonewolfandfourcougars,andheconsiderstheseanimalsasambassadorsfortheirspecies.Theyhelpconservationbymakingpeoplecareaboutcougarsandwolves.Peoplesimplyaren’tpassionateforanimalstheycan’tseeortouch,hesaid.

Andinhisexperiences,thecougars,whichhehascaredforlongerthanthewolf,havebeensuccessfulambassadors.Byseeingtheseanimals,peopledeveloprespect,careandconcernforthemandbecomemorewillingtoprotectandpreservethem.

“Therearemanywhere[thecougarshave]capturedtheirhearts,”hesaid.“They’veneverhadanexperiencelikethatbeforeandtheyneverwillagain.Youcan’tleavethesanctuarythesameperson.”

Theanimalactivist’sargument

Manypeoplethinkthereareotherwaystopromoteconservationandeducationthankeepinganimalsincaptivity.AnaiRhoads,ExecutiveDirectorforthesocialjusticegroupAnaiRhoads.org,isoneoftheseindividuals.

“[Iam]completelyagainstzoosbecausetheyareprisons.Whenyouhavealivingbeingwithinbars,withouttheoptionoffreedom,thenit'

saprison.”Rhoadssaid.

Shealsodoesn’tsupporttheanimalcrueltythatmaytakeplaceinsomezoos.

Physically,Rhoadsisconcernedthatsomezoosmaystarveanimals,suchthoseinaquaticzoos,tomakethemperformtricksinshows.Mentally,animalsmayexperiencepsychologicaltraumawhentheyareseparatedfromfamilymembersandlockedinisolation,shesaid.

“Theyareignoringthesufferingoftheanimalsbecauseit’sintheirbestinteresttodoso,”Rhoadssaid.

Shealsodoesn’tsupporthowsomezoosmayparticipateinthebackroom