人教版高一英语必修1 Unit 1 Friendship知识点总结文档格式.docx
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“Anddon’tbelate,”sheadded.
3.简单复习until与not…until
finishsth./doingsth.
helpsb.(to)dosth.
anothertime改时间,改天
4.paytodosth.花钱做某事
eg.Youhavetopaytoattendthelecture.参加这个讲座你需付费。
5.getsth.done使某事被做(get做使役动词,“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语)
eg.Whenareyougoingtogetyourhaircut?
Imustgetmyhomeworkfinishedfirstbeforegoingouttoplay.
Hegothisfoothurtwhileplayingfootball.
▲getsb.todosth.让某人做某事eg.Iwillgethimtodothework.
▲getsb./sth.doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来
eg.Letmetrynow.Iwillgetthecargoing.
▲get+n.+adj.使…成为某种状态
eg.Geteverythingready.
★联想:
havesth.done使某事被做
havesb.dosth.让某人做某事
havesb./sth.doing使某人或者某物持续做某事
6.“让某人做某事”的表达方法
let/make/havesb.dosth.
getsb.todosth.
7.Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.
upset此处为adj.做主语补足语,用来补充说明主语的情况。
Eg.Hewenttobedcoldandhungry.
Shegotmarriedyoung.
Theroomwasfoundempty.
▲upset的用法:
(1).adj.心烦意乱的,不安的,不适的(多做表语)
搭配:
beupsetaboutsth.为某事烦心
beupsetthat…心烦
eg.Shewasreallyupsetaboutlosingthemoney.
Iwasupsetthathehadleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.
(2).vt.使不安,使心烦(upset,upset)
Eg.Don’tupsetyourselfaboutit.
Thebadnewsupsettheboy’smother.
8.ignorevt.不理睬,忽视
eg.Heignoredmyadvice,sohefailedinthisexam.
AlicesawJackcoming,butignoredhim.
9.calmdownvt./vi.(使)平静下来,(使)镇定下来
eg.Theexcitedgirlquicklycalmeddown.
Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimselfdown.
▲calmadj.平静的,镇静的,沉着的
eg.Keepcalm.
Afterthestorm,itbecamecalmagain.
▲adj.calm,quiet,still,silent辨析:
calm平静的,沉着的(指无风浪或者人的心情不激动)
quiet安静的,宁静的(指没有声音,不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼,忧虑)
still静止的,不动的(指没有运动或者动作的状态)
silent沉默的,不出声的(指没有声音或者不讲话)
【一言辨异】
Whenfacingdanger,youshouldkeepcalm;
whentakenphotosof,youshouldkeepstill;
whensomeoneelseisasleep,youshouldkeepquiet;
inclass,youshouldn’tkeepsilentabouttheteacher’squestions.
10.havegotto不得不,必须=haveto
eg.Ihavegottogotoameeting.
Haveyougottogonow?
Hehasn’tgottocometomorrow.
【说明】:
havegotto很少用于过去时态。
haveto可用于各种时态,而且可与情态动词,助动词连用。
haveto强调客观需要“不得不”;
must强调主观愿望“必须”
11.concern
(1)vt.(使)担忧,涉及,关系到
eg.Sheconcernsherselfaboutherson’sfuture.
Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.
▲concern做动词时,更多情况下用过去分词做表语。
beconcernedabout/forsth.为…担心,关心,关注,挂念
beconcernedwithsth.与…有关,涉及
as/sofarassb.beconcerned就某人而言
Eg.Thefamilyareallconcernedabouthersafety.
Hewasconcernedwiththematter.
AsfarasIamconcerned,Idon’tagreewithyou.
(2)n.[u]/[c]担心,挂念,关注,利害关系;
关心的事
Eg.show/express/feel/haveconcernabout/for…关心…
withconcern关心地
Atthattime,oneofhisconcernswastogotocollege.
12.goonholiday去度假
takecareof=lookafter=carefor
walkthedog遛狗
13.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotloose…
(1).Whilewalkingthedog=Whileyouwerewalkingthedog
是一个由while引导的省略的时间状语从句。
【点拨】:
在when/while引导的时间状语从句,where引导的地点状语从句,if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句,as/asif引导的方式状语从句,though/although/evenif引导的让步状语从句中,若主从句主语相同,且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式,则从句的主语和be动词可以省略;
或者当从句主语为it,且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式,这时省略it和be动词。
Eg.
Whilereadingabook,Iheardaknockonthedoor.
Whentakenintoawarmhouse,apieceoficebecomessmallerandsmalleruntilintheenditdisappearscompletely.
Filltheblankswithaproperwordwherenecessary.
Onceseen,itwillneverbeforgotten.
Theworkersjustcarriedouttheorderastold.
Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgototheparty.
MrGreen,thoughold,didthejobverywell.
WeshouldspeakEnglishwheneverpossible.
请同学们试着把以上省略的状语从句补充完整。
(2).getloose变松(“get+adj.”构成系表结构,意为“变得…”)
Eg.Itisgettingdarkeranddarkeroutside.
▲“get+过去分词”构成系表结构:
表示被动。
Eg.getburnt被烫伤gethurt受伤getkilled被杀getcaught被抓
表示自身发出的动作。
Eg.getchanged换衣服getdressed穿衣服getmarried结婚getwashed洗脸
▲“get+v-ing”构成系表结构:
(意为“某人/某物开始做…”,表示主动)
Eg.getmoving/working
14.Youaretakingyourend-of-termexam.你就要参加期末考试了。
现在进行时有时也用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
Eg.WearegoingtoMexiconextSunday.
HeisleavingforShanghai.
▲一般现在时也可用来表示即将发生的动作,但常指按时刻表要发生的事情。
Eg.ThetrainleavesLondonatsix.
15.cheatvi.作弊,欺诈
eg.cheatin/onanexam考试作弊
cheatatcards打牌作弊
▲cheatvt.欺骗,骗取
cheatsb.(out)ofsth.骗取某人某物
cheatsb.intodoingsth.骗某人做某事
eg.Theyarecheatingheroutofmoney.
Hecheatedherintobuyingthefakediamond.他骗她买了那颗假钻石。
16.shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone
表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上没有做”,含有责备的意味。
Eg.Youshouldhavecomeherefiveminutesago.
Theplantisdead.Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.
▲shouldn’thavedone=oughtn’ttohavedone
表示“过去本来不应该做某事而实际上做了”。
Eg.Theyshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.
Youshouldn’thavemadesuchfoolishmistakes.
Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending
1.makealistof=listv.列表,列单子
eg.Theymadealistofcandidates(候选人)afterdiscussion.
2.gothrough
经历,经受Allofthemhavegonethroughthewar.
通过,穿过Thisroadgoesthroughtheforest.
仔细检查,搜查Thepolicewentthroughthebuilding,hopingtocatchthethief.
做完,完成gothrough(with)sth.eg.gothrough(with)thework
用光,花掉Ihavegonethroughalltheenvelopes(信封)Iboughtlastweek.
3.hideaway
vi.躲藏起来
eg.Thethiefhidawayinafriend’shouseforseveralweeksaftertherobbery(抢劫).
vt.把…隐藏起来eg.Whydoyouhideyourthoughtsawayfromme?
4.总结conj.before的用法:
在…之前You’dbetterthinkitoverbeforeyoumakeadecision.
…之后才…Wewalkedfornearlythreehoursbeforewearrivedatthevillage.
▲这时,常用句型为:
Itwill(not)be+时间段+before从句(从句用一般现在时态)
Itwas(not)+时间段+before从句(从句用一般过去时态)
肯定形式译为“…之后才…”;
否定形式译为“没过多长时间就…”
Eg.Itwillbetenyearsbeforewemeetagain.
Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeaboutit.
还未来得及…就…,不等…就…HerushedoutoftheroombeforeIcouldsayaword.
趁着还没有…就…ImustwriteitdownbeforeIforgetit.
5.setdownvt.记下,写下,登记;
放下;
让某人下车
eg.Youdon’thavetosetdownallthatyourteachersaid.
Pleasesetyourselfdown.请登记。
Setdowntheheavybagsandtakearest.
Pleasesetmedownatthenextcorner.
6.aseriesof(+复数名词)一连串,一系列,一套eg.aseriesofquestions/books/pictures
▲seriesn.单复数相同,作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于series的单复数。
Eg.Therehasbeenaseriesofcaraccidentsatthecrossing.
Threeseriesofpapersarehandedouttothestudents.
7.…asmostpeopledo.
(1).conj.as此处引导方式状语从句,表示“象…一样,按照”
Eg.Theworkersjustcarriedouttheorderastheyweretold.
(2).此处do为代动词,代替前面的setdownaseriesoffacts,以免重复。
代动词do/does/did用来代替前面所出现过的动词或者动词短语,以免重复。
Eg.PleasepronouncethewordasIdo.
TomcancookaswellasMarydoes.
----Whobrokethecup?
----Idid.
8.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.这是一个复杂的长难句。
(1).句型Iwonderif/whether…“我不知道是否…”常用来委婉地提出请求或者陈述想法。
Eg.Iwonderifyoucanhelpmewithmypronunciation.
(2).强调句型:
Itis/was+被强调部分(主语、宾语、状语)+that/who+其他部分
(强调人时可用that/who;
其他成分一律用that)
Eg.Myfatherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.
下面对上句中的主语,宾语,地点状语,时间状语分别进行强调:
Itwasmyfatherthat/whodidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.(强调主语)
Itwastheexperimentthatmyfatherdidinthelabyesterdayevening.(强调宾语)
Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.(强调地点状语)
Itwasyesterdayeveningthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelab.(强调时间状语)
又如:
ItisIthat/whoamwrong.
▲文中句子强调的是由because引导的原因状语从句。
强调原因状语从句时,只能用because引导,不能用since/as.
Eg.Itwasbecauseshewasillthatshedidn’tcometowork.
(3).beableto表示设法做成某事
can/could仅表能力
eg.EveryoneisabletospeakEnglishverywellafterpractising.
Mancanmaketoolswhileanimalscan’t.
例题:
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegoout.
A.hadto
B.would
C.could
D.wasableto
答案:
【D】
(4).grow/becrazyabout对…十分狂热,对…十分痴迷
Eg.Younggirlsandboysarecrazyaboutrockmusic.
Sheiscrazyaboutpaintingthesedays.
(5).everythingtodowithnature=everythingthatistodowithnature
betodowith与…有关
eg.Herjobistodowithcomputers.
▲havesth.todowith与…有关
havenothingtodowith
havemuch/alottodowith
havelittletodowith
eg.Doesherjobhaveanythingtodowithtelephones?
(6).naturen.自然界,大自然(前面不加冠词)
Eg.It’simportantforustokeepthebalanceofnature.
9.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhen…couldneverhavekeptmespellbound.
(1).welladv.=completely,thoroughly完全地,充分地,彻底地
Eg.Iknowhimwell.
Shakethebottlewellbeforeyoutakethemedicine.
(2).therewasatimewhen…是一个定语从句。
(3).can’t/couldn’thavedone过去不可能做过某事(表示对过去情况的否定推测)
Eg.Hecouldn’thavegoneabroad.Isawhimjustnow.
(4).keep使役动词,“使…保持某种状态”,后接复合宾语,即:
keep+宾语+宾补(v-ing/过去分词/adj./adv./介词短语/n.)
eg.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.
Don’topenthedoor.Keepitclosed.
Keephimout.
Hisillnesskepthiminbedforaweek.