状语从句讲解及练习文档格式.docx
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1.时间状语从句
常用引导词:
when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until
特殊引导词:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when
Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.
WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard.
NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.
EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
When,while,as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。
1)When
Eg:
WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.
注意点:
when从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语动词是be动词时,从句主语和be可以省略。
Eg:
When(shewas)walkingalongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.
2)As
As除了表示“当```的时候”,还可表示为“一面```一面”,“随着”
Hesangashedanced.(一面```一面)
Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.(随着)
3)While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,从句一般用进行时,从句动词必须是延续性动词。
Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.
While(theywere)havingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.
while有对比的含义,解释为“然而”。
eg:
Ipreferblacktee,whilehelikescoffee.
1.until,not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词;
在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。
肯定句:
Iwaiteduntilmidnight.
否定句:
Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.
1.notuntil…在句首,主句用倒装
NotuntilyouhadexplainedhowdidImanagetodoit.
2.Itisnotuntil…that…引导的强调句
Itwasnotuntilitwasdarkthathecameback.
3.theminute,themoment,eachtime都可表示“一```就```”
Theworkerrecognizedthetypeofthemachinethemomenthesawit.
theminute,themoment,each(every,next,thefirst)time作连词不和when连用。
4.Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonas表示为“一```就```”
Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.
Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.
ItbegantorainassoonasIgothome.
Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than位于句首,主句用倒装
HadIhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.
NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.
nosooner---than,hardly---when,scarcely---when
这几个短语的词义和用法基本一样,都表示“刚---就---”
1Ihadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthanthetrainstartedtomove.
2Shehadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
3Hehadscarcelysatdownwhenheheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.
【重点提示】
★在这些结构中,主句的动作先发生,用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
★若这些结构置于句首,则主句要用倒装语序。
上述句子可相应改为:
NosoonerhadIarrivedatthestationthanthetrainstartedtomove.
Hardlyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.
Scarcelyhadhesatdownwhenheheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.
2、地点状语从句
where
wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
3.原因状语从句
because,since,as
seeingthat(鉴于),nowthat(既然),inthat,giventhat,consideringthat,
MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.
Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.
Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.
Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.
Seeingthat/Sinceherefusedtohelpus,thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldnowhelphim.
Itisstillinexcellentconditionconsideringthatitwasbuilt600yearsago.
4.目的状语从句
sothat,inorderthat
lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat
Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.
Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.
Hestudiedhardsohathemightsucceed.
Bettygotupearlyinorderthatshecouldcatchthetrain.
Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains.
Heputhismoneyinthesafeforfearthatitshould/maybestolen.
目的状语从句的谓语动词通常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词
5.结果状语从句
so…that,so…that,such…that,
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,
Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.
It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.
Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.
目的状语从和结果状语从句的区别是:
★引导目的状语从句时前面不用逗号,而引导结果状语从句时前面常用逗号
★目的状语从句中常用can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词,而结果状语从句中一般没这类词。
6.条件状语从句
if,unless,
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat
We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.
Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.
Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.
7.让步状语从句
though,although,evenif,eventhough
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.
尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议。
Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.
Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.
Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.
【重点提示】though和although的区别:
有时候可以换用,但有区别:
●although一般位于句首,though而位于句首或句未。
●though与even,as连用,构成eventhough,asthough短语,而although不可以。
●though可以放在句未,作副词,“然而,但是”,但是although不可以。
●though还可以用在表示让步的倒装结构中,表示“尽管”,而although不可以。
Childthough/asheis,heknowalot.
Tiredthough/ashewas,hewentonworking.
8.比较状语从句
as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)
themore…themore…;
justas…,so…;
AistoBwhat/asXistoY;
no…morethan;
notAsomuchasB
Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.
Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.
Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.
Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。
★比较从句部分常常是省略句,如上述的①②
★当as或than引导的从句的主语为人称代词时可以用主格也可用宾格,如上述的⑤⑥
★比较级前面可加一些表示程度的状语,如:
much,verymuch,far,alot,lots,agreatdeal,twice,20%,abit,alittle,rather,slightly,still,even等。
9.方式状语从句
as,asif,how
theway
WheninRome,doastheRomando.
Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.
Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.
10.状语从句的简化
♠状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:
①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。
从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.
He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.
另外,比较状语从句经常省略。
I’mtallerthanhe(istall).
Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"
简化"
。
状语从句的"
现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。
因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。
现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
①由if,unless引导的条件状语从句;
②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;
③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。
下面针对这五种情形作归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。
例如:
If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。
常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'
llregret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b.连词+名词
While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。
Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。
c.连词+现在分词
As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.连词+过去分词
Hewon'
tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwas)expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.连词+不定式
Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.当时他站起来好像要说什么。
Hewouldn'
tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。
f.连词+介词短语
Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
HehadmasteredtheEnglishlanguagebefore(hewas)intheUSA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:
当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。
Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。
基础过关题
1.Ihadbeenlookingforthebookfortwodays____Ifounditatlast.
a.untilb.whenc.befored.while
2.Hepunishedhisstudents____theydidanythingwrong.
a.howeverb.wheneverc.whateverd.whichever
3.Thosepassengerswillwaithere____thebusarrives.
a.untilb.becausec.thoughd.as
4.Hardlyhadwereachedhome____itbegantorain.
a.beforeb.thanc.assoonasd.when
5.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinema___thefilmbegan.
a.thanb.beforec.whend.assoonas
6.Youcan’twatchTV____you’vefinishedyourhomework.
a.sinceb.untilc.asd.after
7.Wehadscarcelyleftourschool____therainbegan.
a.beforeb.thanc.whiled.when
8.Wehaveneverseenheragain_____shewenttoworkinanothercity.
a.whenb.asc.sinced.while
9.____thefightstopped,travelacrossthecountryhasbeenquitesafe.
a.Sinceb.Whenc.Afterd.Unless
10.Theywerejustabouttoleave____thetelephonerang.
a.beforeb.whenc.asd.than
11..Hehurriedoutoftheroom__