引语Microsoft Word 文档Word文件下载.docx

引语Microsoft Word 文档Word文件下载.docx

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•Hesaid,“Thefamilyarefightingamongthemselves.”

Hesaid（that）thefamilywerefightingamongthemselves.

•Tomsaid,“Ihavefoundwhat’swrongwiththecomputer.”

Tomsaidhehadfoundwhatwaswrongwiththecomputer.

•在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：

•a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：

•Hesaid,“Theword‘laser’isanacronym（首字母缩略词）.”

Hesaidtheword‘laser’isanacronym.

•b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：

•“I’mforty,”hesaid.

Hesaidheisforty.

•c）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：

•Hesaid,“Itmustbeprettylate.Ireallymustgo.”

Hesaiditmustbeprettylate,andhereallymustgo.

•Hesaid,“Youmustn’tsmokeintheroom.”

HesaidImustn’tsmokeintheroom.

•2）过去时间推移到过去的过去

•这里需要注意以下几点：

•a）当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。

•Hesaid,“Ididn’tknowyou.”

Hesaidhehadn’tknownme.

•当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。

•Annsaid,“Shewasbornin1981.”

•－>

Annsaidshewasbornin1981.

•b）过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。

•Robertsaid,“IwasjokingwithMary.”

RobertsaidhehadbeenjokingwithMary.

•RobertsaidhewasjokingwithMary.

•c）过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。

•Hesaid,“Wehadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.”

Hesaidtheyhadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.

•d）时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。

•Johnsaid,“WhenIlivedinLondonIoftensawJane.”

JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonhehadoftenseenJane.

•JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonheoftensawJane.

•3）将来时间推移到过去将来时间

•最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。

•Hesaid,“We’respendingnextweekendathome.”

Hesaidtheywerespendingthenextweekendathome.

•Shesaid,“Themilkwillgooff（变质）ifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.”

ShesaidthemilkwouldgooffifIdidn’tdrinkitthatday.

•Theysaid,“We’regoingtoHawaiithissummervacation.”

TheysaidtheyweregoingtoHawaiithatsummervacation.

•但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。

•Hesaid,“I’llbewaitingforyoutomorrow.”

Hesaidhewillbewaitingformetomorrow.

•4）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化

•由上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。

•a）人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；

限定词也作相应的变化。

•Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”

Hesaidtheylovetheircounty.

•b）指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；

指示限定词this，those通常变为that，those或the。

•“Thishouseisveryexpensive,”shesaid.

Shesaidthathousewasveryexpensive.

•Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaid,“Wepickedtheseuponthepavement.”

Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaidtheyhadpickedthemuponthepavement.

•c）时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况：

•i）时间状语和动词时态两者都变。

•Hesaid,“Itwascompletesayearago.”

Hesaidithadbeencompletedayearbefore.

•ii）时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。

•Shesaid,“WeleftParisat8a.m.”

ShesaidtheyhadleftParisat8a.m.

•ShesaidtheyleftParisat8a.m.

•iii）时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），时间状语可不变。

•Mr.Blacksaid,“WestartedlearningChineselastmonth.”

Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChineselastmonth.（同一月引述）

Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChinesethepreviousmonth.（可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）

•直接引语间接引语

•todaythatday

•thismorning/afternoon,etc.thatmorning/afternoon,etc.

•yesterdaythedaybefore,thepreviousday

•（the）daybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

•tomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday

•（the）dayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,intwodays’time

•nextweek/month,etc.thenextweek/month,etc.

•lastweek/monththeweek/monthbefore

•nowthen

•d）地点状语here通常变为there；

但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。

•Shesaid,“Ifirstmetyourbrotherhere.”

Shesaidshefirstmetmybrotherthere.

•“Arethechildrenhere?

”Fatherasked.

Fatheraskedwhetherthechildrenwerehere.

•本单元重点：

直接引语和间接引语，需要注意的是：

直接引语变间接引语时，人称和时态要发生变化，时态得和主句的时态保持一致。

•Sentencesfromthepassage（重点句讲解）

•Iaskedherwhyshewantedtodothat,andshesaidthatshehadforgottentodohers.

•我问她为什么要那么做，她说她忘记做作业了。

•forgettodosth.忘记做某事（还没有做）

•forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（已经做过了）

•e.g.Whenyouleavetheclassroom,don’tforgettoturnoffthelights.

•离开教室时，别忘记关灯。

•Iforgotmeetinghimbefore.我不记得以前见过他了。

•类似的还有：

•remembertodosth.记得做某事（还没有做）

•rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已经做过了）

•e.g.

•“Remembertofinishyourhomeworkontime,LiMing”,hismothersaid.

•李明妈妈说，“记得按时完成作业。

”

•Iremembertellingthisstoryforseveraltimes.

•我记得这个故事给你讲过好几次了。

•◆IsaidIdidn’tthinkitwasagoodideaforhertocopymyhomework.

•我说，抄我的作业并不是什么好事。

•注意的think用法：

如果think引导的宾语从句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。

•e.g.翻译下列句子：

•我认为给你父亲说这件事的时机还不成熟。

•Idon’tthinkitistherighttimeforyoutotellyourfatheraboutthat.

•我认为他不是一个好演员。

Idon’tthinkheisagoodactor.

•我认为你说的并不正确。

Idon’tthinkyouareright.

•◆Yesterdayshetoldmeshewassorryshe’dgottenmad.

•昨天她告诉我，她为自己当时生气而抱歉。

•◆Nowadays,manystudentspreferusingEnglishnamesinalanguageclassroom.

•如今，许多学生喜欢在上语言课的时候用英文名字。

•prefer的用法：

preferv.更喜欢；

宁愿

•prefersth.tosth.喜欢…胜过…

•preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢…而不喜欢…

•prefertodoratherthando宁愿…而不愿…

•Doyouprefercoffeeortea?

你喜欢咖啡还是茶？

•Hepreferstalkingtodoing.他喜欢说，却不喜欢做。

•Theyprefertodieratherthansurrender.他们宁死不屈。

•◆Andforyoungpeople,havinganEnglishnameiscoolforthemwhentheytalktotheirforeignpenpals.

•而且对年轻人来说，有了英文名字，和笔友交谈时也很酷。

•havinganEnglishname…中having是动词ing形式,用来做主语。

•Gettingupearlyeverydayishisgoodhabit.每天早起是他的习惯。

•Swimmingisherfavoritesport.游泳是她最喜欢的运动。

•◆LearningEnglishandhavingEnglishnamesarebothpopularinChina.TheyarealsoimportantforChina’scontactwiththeworld.

•学习英语，而且有英文名字在中国很流行。

这些对中国和世界的接触也很重要。

•contact的用法：

•contactn.

•e.g.beincontactwith和...接触，有联系

•Theyhavebeenincontactwitheachotherforfiveyears.

•他们互相保持联系已经有五年了。

•Shecomesintocontactwithmanypeople.她和许多人有联系。

•contactv.

•e.g.Shecontactedmeassoonasshearrived.她一到就和我联系了。

•◆Ontheotherhand,somepeoplewhocometoChinachooseChinesenames

•另一方面，一些人来到中国，也起了中文名字。

•ontheonehand一方面…

•ontheotherhand另一方面…

•Ononehand,heisacleverboy;

ontheotherhand,healwaysmakeshismotherangry.

•一方面，他是个聪明的孩子；

可另一方面，他老惹母亲生气。

一、将直接引语变成间接引语

•1.Theplumbersaid,“Ican’tfixthebathtubtodaybecauseI’msick”

•Theplumbersaidhecouldn’tfixthebathtubthatdaybecausehewassick.

•2.Grandmasaid,“Grandpaisfeelingmuchbettertoday.”

•GrandmasaidGrandpawasfeelingmuchbetterthatday.

•3.Mr.andMrs.Davissaid,“Wewon’tbeabletocometodinnerthisSaturdaynight.”

•Mr.andMrs.Davissaidtheywouldn’tbeabletocometodinnerthatSaturdaynight.

•4.Thelandlordsaid,“Ihaven’treceivedthismonth’srentyet.”

•Thelandlordsaidhehadn’treceivedthatmonth’srentyet.

•5.CousinSuesaid,“I’msorryIdidn’thavetimetocomeoverandvisitlastSaturday.”

•CousinSuesaidshewassorryshehadn’thadtimetocomeoverandvisitthepreviousSaturday

•6.UncleHarrysaid,“I’llcallbacklater.”

•UncleHarrysaidhewouldcallbacklater.

•7.Theneighborsacrossthestreetsaid,“Wewererobbedlastnight!

•Theneighboracrossthestreetsaidtheyhadbeenrobbedthenightbefore.

•8.Sallysaid,“I’matmyfriendJuliet’shousenow.”

•SallysaidshewasatherfriendJuliet’shousethen.

•9.Mothersaid,“Yoursisterandbrother-in-lawaregoingtohaveababy.”

•Mothersaidmysisterandbrother-in-lawweregoingtohaveababy.

•10.Auntysaid,“Therewasabigfireatthehighschool.”

•Auntysaidtherehadbeenabigfireatthehighschool.

二、用第三人称转述下面电子邮件

1.Subject:

Mother’sDay

InItalywecelebratetheMother’sdayonthe2ndSundayofMay,that’swhystudentsdon’tgotoschoolandadultsarenotatwork.Sonsanddaughtersusuallygivetheirmotheralittlepresentlikeflowers,chocolatesorapieceofcostumejewelry.

ElisabettafromItaly

•1.ElisabethfromItalysaidinItalytheycelebratedtheMother’sDayonthe2ndSundayofMay,andthatwaswhystudentsdidn’tgotoschoolandadultswerenotatwork.Shesaidsonsanddaughtersusuallygavetheirmotheralittlepresentlikeflowers,chocolatesorapieceofcostumejewelry.

2.Subject:

Father’sDay

IbelieveFather’sDayoccursonthethirdSundayofJune.Weuseittogiveourfathersachancetorestandrelax,anddothingstheyenjoy,suchasfishing,golf,etc.Theyneedabreak!

UsuallymyfamilywillbuyDadacard,takehimtoeatandplay.

FromtheUnitedStatesbyMelissa

•2.MelissafromtheUnitedStatessaidshebelievedFather’sDayoccurredonthethirdSundayofJune.Shesaidtheyusedittogivetheirfathersachancetorestandrelax,andtodothingstheyenjoy,suchasfishing,golf,etc.Shesaidtheyneededarest.

•Melissaalsosaidusuallyherfamilywouldbuyherfatheracard