上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义book2unit7.docx

上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义book2unit7.docx

《上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义book2unit7.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义book2unit7.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

上外全新版大学英语综合教程讲义book2unit7

Unit7LearningaboutEnglish

LearningObjectives:

Studentswillbeableto:

1.graspthemainideathatEnglishhasbecomeagreatlanguagebecauseofitstoleranceforoutsideinfluences;

2.understandsomeidiomaticEnglishusagesmentionedintheunit;

3.masterthekeylanguagepointsandrhetoricaldevicesinthetext,suchasoxymoron,metaphor,parallelismandsoon;

4.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.

Pre-readingtask:

1.HowdoyouunderstandthetitleofTextA－TheGloriousMessinessofEnglish?

AndtrytofindoutsomeexamplesfromTextA.

2.DotheexercisesinTextOrganization.

TheFirstTwoPeriods（90m）

Partone:

Listeningtask（15m）

Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions:

ChineseLanguage--OurMotherTongue

TheChineselanguageusuallyreferstothestandardlanguageanditsdialectsusedbytheHannationalitywhichmakesup93.3%ofthetotalpopulation.MostoftheminoritynationalitiesinChinahavetheirownlanguages.Bothnumerically（从数量上来讲）andintheextentofitsdistribution,ChineseisthemostimportantlanguageinChinaandalsooneofthefiveofficialworkinglanguagesoftheUnitedNations.Itisalsooneoftherichestandhighlydevelopedlanguagesintheworld.

ChineseisalsospokenbymanyoverseasChinese:

itisthecommonlanguageofmorethan10millionoverseasChineseandpersonsofChinesedescentinSoutheastAsiaalone.Atpresent,morethanonebillionpeople,approximately1/5oftheworld’spopulation,speakChineseastheirmothertongue.

Awrittenformofthelanguagewasdevelopedasearlyas6,000yearsago.Fromthepointofviewofitsorigin,itbelongstotheSino-Tibetanlanguagesfamily（汉藏语系,包括汉语、西藏语、缅甸语等）.

Questions:

1.WhatdoestheChineselanguageusuallyreferto?

（Itreferstothestandardlanguageanditsdialects.）

2.WhatisthepercentageoftheHannationalityinthetotalpopulation?

（93.3%）

3.WhydowesaytheChineselanguageisveryimportantintheworld?

（BecauseitisoneofthefiveworkinglanguagesintheUnitedNations.）

4.HowmanyoverseasChineseandpersonsofChinesedecentinSoutheastAsiaspeaktheChineselanguage?

（Morethan10million.）

5.Accordingtothispassage,whatwastheworld’spopulationwhenthepassagewaswritten?

（About5billion.）

6.HowlonghastheChineselanguagebeenspoken?

（Morethan6,000years.）

Parttwo:

CulturalNotes（20m）

1.HistoryofEnglish

TheRootofEnglish

EnglishbeganasawestGermaniclanguagewhichwasbroughttoEnglandbytheSaxonsaround400A.D.OldEnglishwasthespokenandwrittenlanguageofEnglandbetween400and1100A.D.ManywordsusedtodaycomefromOldEnglish,includingman,woman,king,mother,etc.ButOldEnglishwasverydifferentfrommodernEnglishandonlyafewwordscanbeeasilyrecognized.Inthe9thand10thcenturies,whenVikingsinvadedEngland,OldNorsewords,e.g.sky,takeandgetandmanyplacenames,enteredthelanguage.FromtheNormanConquest（1066）untilthelate12thcenturyEnglishwasreplacedastheofficiallanguagebyNormanFrench,thoughEnglishwasstillusedbythelowerclasses.Englishfromabout1300to1500isknownasMiddleEnglish.ItwasinfluencedbyFrenchandalsoLatininvocabularyandpronunciation.Frenchbroughtmanywordsconnectedwithgovernment,e.g.sovereign,royal,court,legalandgovernmentitself.LatinwasthelanguageofreligionandlearningandgavetoEnglishwordssuchasminister,angel,master,schoolandgrammar.LiteraturebeganagaintobewritteninEnglishduringthisperiod.OneofthemostfamousMiddleEnglishworksisChaucer’sTheCanterburyTales.

TheDevelopmentofModernEnglish

ModernEnglishdevelopedfromtheMiddleEnglishdialectoftheEastMidlandsandwasinfluencedbytheEnglishusedinLondon,whereaprintingpresswassetupbyWilliamCaxtonin1476.Englishchangedagreatdealfromthistimeuntiltheendofthe18thcentury.DuringtheRenaissance,manywordswereintroducedfromGreekandLatintoexpressnewideas,especiallyinscience,medicineandphilosophy.Theyincludedphysics,species,architecture,encyclopediaandhypothesis.Inthe16thcenturyseveralversionsoftheBiblehelpedbringwrittenEnglishtoordinarypeople.TheElizabethanperiodisalsofamousforitsdrama,andShakespeare’splayswereseenbymanypeople.Thedevelopmentofprintinghelpedestablishstandardsofspellingandgrammar,butthereremainedalotofvariation.SamuelJohnson’sADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage（1755）wasthefirstauthoritativetreatmentofEnglish.Itdefinedabout40,000wordsandgaveexamplesoftheiruse.

Bythe18thcenturyAmericanEnglishwasestablishedanddevelopingindependentlyfromBritishEnglish.AftercolonistsarrivedintheUSnewwordsbegantobeaddedfromNativeAmericanlanguages,andfromFrenchandSpanish.In1783,soonafterJohnson’sdictionarywaspublished,NoahWebster’sTheElementarySpellingBookwaspublishedintheUS.AtfirstitusedJohnson’sspellings,butlatereditionscontainedmanyofwhathavecometobeknownasAmericanspellings,e.g.harborandfavorite.

20thCenturyEnglish

Duringthe19thandearly20thcenturiesmanydictionariesandbooksaboutlanguagewerepublished.NewwordsarestillbeingaddedtoEnglishfromotherlanguages,includingChinese（fengshui）andJapanese（karaoke）.Existingwordsgainnewsenses,andnewexpressionsspreadquicklythroughtelevisionandtheInternet.

Englishisnowaninternationallanguageandisusedasameansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplefrommanycountries.AsaresulttheinfluencesontheEnglishlanguagearewiderthaneveranditispossiblethatWorldEnglishwillmoveawayfromusingaBritishorAmericanstandardandestablishitsowninternationalidentity.

2.WinstonChurchill

Asapolitician,WinstonChurchillisrememberedasoneofBritain’sgreateststatesmen.HewasthesonoftheConservativepoliticianLordRandolphChurchillandhisAmericanwifeJennie.AsayoungmanheservedasasoldierinIndiaandEgypt,andasajournalistinSouthAfrica,beforeenteringpolitics.ChurchillbecamePrimeMinisterandMinisterofDefencein1940.HisradiospeechesduringWorldWarIIgavetheBritishpeopleastrongdeterminationtowinthewar,especiallyattimesofgreatcrisis.ExamplesofChurchill’sphrasesstilloftenquotedtodayare“Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat”,and“Thiswastheirfinesthour”.TheConservativePartyledbyChurchilllosttheelectionof1945,buthebecamePrimeMinisteragainfrom1951to1955whenheretired,aged80.WhenhediedinJan1965hewasgivenastatefuneral.

3.JuliusCaesar（100~44BC）

JuliusCaesarwasthebest-knownofalltheancientRomanleaders,andthefirstonetolandinBritainwithanarmy.Hedidthistwice,in55and54BC,althoughBritaindidnotbecomepartoftheRomanEmpireuntilnearlyahundredyearslater.

4.Viking

VikingwasamemberofapeoplefromScandinaviawhoattackedpartsofnorthernandwesternEurope,includingBritainandIreland,inthe8thto11thcenturies.InBritaintheywerealsoknownasNorsemen.TheysettledontheScottishislandsandinareasofeasternEngland,andtheDanishKingCanuteruledEnglandfrom1016.TheVikingswerefearedasviolentandcruel,buttheywerealsonotedfortheirskillinbuildingshipsandassailors.TheyhadanimportantinfluenceonEnglishcultureandtheEnglishlanguage.

5.Norman

NormanreferstoanyofthepeoplefromNormandyinnorthernFrancewhosettledinEnglandaftertheirleaderWilliamdefeatedtheEnglishkingattheBattleofHastingsin1066.TheNormanstookcontrolofthecountry,aprocessknownastheNormanConquest.TheyusedmanyoftheexistingAnglo-Saxonmethodsofgovernmentofthestateandthechurch,butaddedimportantaspectsoftheirownandmadegovernmentmuchmoreeffective.ThelanguageofgovernmentbecamefirstLatin,andthenNormanFrench,andthiscausedmanynewwordstobeaddedtotheexistingEnglishlanguage.

6.WilliamCaxton（c.1422~c.1491）

WilliamCaxtonwasthemanwhosetupthefirstprintingfirminBritain.Heprintedhisfirstbookin1474.ByprintingbooksinEnglish,Caxtonhadastronginfluenceonthespellinganddevelopmentofthelanguage.ManyofthebookshepublishedwereFrenchstorieswhichhetranslatedhimself

7.OttoJespersen（1860~1943）

OttoJespersenwasaDanishphilologist,grammarian,andeducationist.Hepromotedtheuseofthe“directmethod”inlanguageteachingwiththepublicationofhistheoreticalworkHowtoTeachaForeignLanguage（1904）.Otherbooksincludehisseven-volumeModernEnglishGrammar（1909~1949）.

Partthree:

Reviewtask（10m）:

1.HowdoyouunderstandthetitleofTextA－TheGloriousMessinessofEnglish?

Thetitleoffersagoodexampleofoxymoron.Anoxymoronputstwocontradictorytermstogethertopuzzlethereader,luringhim/hertopauseandexplorewhy.“Glorious”isacommendatoryterm,while“messiness”isderogatory.Whydotheystandnexttoeachother?

Then,asthereaderreadson,he/shewillfindoutthatthetitleisactuallyathesisstatement:

Yes,Englishismessy,butthemessinessreflectssomecommendablequalitiesofEnglish,suchastolerance,theloveoffreedom,andtherespectforothers’right.Atthispointthereadercannotbutadmiretheauthor’singenuity.

2DotheexercisesinTextOrganization.

parts

paragraphs

Mainideas

1

Paras1-3

MassiveborrowingfromotherlanguagesisamajorfeatureoftheEnglishlanguage.

2

Paras4-16

TellsaboutthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagefromtheIndo-EuropeanparentlanguagetomodernEnglish.

3

Paras17-19

Tolerance,lo