AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION.docx

AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION.docx

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AGREEMENTESTABLISHINGTHEWORLDTRADEORGANIZATION

MARRAKESHAGREEMENTESTABLISHINGTHE

WORLDTRADEORGANIZATION

ThePartiestothisAgreement,

Recognizingthattheirrelationsinthefieldoftradeandeconomicendeavourshouldbeconductedwithaviewtoraisingstandardsofliving,ensuringfullemploymentandalargeandsteadilygrowingvolumeofrealincomeandeffectivedemand,andexpandingtheproductionofandtradeingoodsandservices,whileallowingfortheoptimaluseoftheworld'sresourcesinaccordancewiththeobjectiveofsustainabledevelopment,seekingbothtoprotectandpreservetheenvironmentandtoenhancethemeansfordoingsoinamannerconsistentwiththeirrespectiveneedsandconcernsatdifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelopment,

Recognizingfurtherthatthereisneedforpositiveeffortsdesignedtoensurethatdevelopingcountries,andespeciallytheleastdevelopedamongthem,secureashareinthegrowthininternationaltradecommensuratewiththeneedsoftheireconomicdevelopment,

Beingdesirousofcontributingtotheseobjectivesbyenteringintoreciprocalandmutuallyadvantageousarrangementsdirectedtothesubstantialreductionoftariffsandotherbarrierstotradeandtotheeliminationofdiscriminatorytreatmentininternationaltraderelations,

Resolved,therefore,todevelopanintegrated,moreviableanddurablemultilateraltradingsystemencompassingtheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,theresultsofpasttradeliberalizationefforts,andalloftheresultsoftheUruguayRoundofMultilateralTradeNegotiations,

Determinedtopreservethebasicprinciplesandtofurthertheobjectivesunderlyingthismultilateraltradingsystem,

Agreeasfollows:

ArticleI

EstablishmentoftheOrganization

TheWorldTradeOrganization（hereinafterreferredtoas"theWTO"）isherebyestablished.

ArticleII

ScopeoftheWTO

1.TheWTOshallprovidethecommoninstitutionalframeworkfortheconductoftraderelationsamongitsMembersinmattersrelatedtotheagreementsandassociatedlegalinstrumentsincludedintheAnnexestothisAgreement.

2.TheagreementsandassociatedlegalinstrumentsincludedinAnnexes1,2and3（hereinafterreferredtoas"MultilateralTradeAgreements"）areintegralpartsofthisAgreement,bindingonallMembers.

3.TheagreementsandassociatedlegalinstrumentsincludedinAnnex4（hereinafterreferredtoas"PlurilateralTradeAgreements"）arealsopartofthisAgreementforthoseMembersthathaveacceptedthem,andarebindingonthoseMembers.ThePlurilateralTradeAgreementsdonotcreateeitherobligationsorrightsforMembersthathavenotacceptedthem.

4.TheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade1994asspecifiedinAnnex1A（hereinafterreferredtoas"GATT 1994"）islegallydistinctfromtheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,dated30 October 1947,annexedtotheFinalActAdoptedattheConclusionoftheSecondSessionofthePreparatoryCommitteeoftheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandEmployment,assubsequentlyrectified,amendedormodified（hereinafterreferredtoas"GATT 1947"）.

ArticleIII

FunctionsoftheWTO

1.TheWTOshallfacilitatetheimplementation,administrationandoperation,andfurthertheobjectives,ofthisAgreementandoftheMultilateralTradeAgreements,andshallalsoprovidetheframeworkfortheimplementation,administrationandoperationofthePlurilateralTradeAgreements.

2.TheWTOshallprovidetheforumfornegotiationsamongitsMembersconcerningtheirmultilateraltraderelationsinmattersdealtwithundertheagreementsintheAnnexestothisAgreement.TheWTOmayalsoprovideaforumforfurthernegotiationsamongitsMembersconcerningtheirmultilateraltraderelations,andaframeworkfortheimplementationoftheresultsofsuchnegotiations,asmaybedecidedbytheMinisterialConference.

3.TheWTOshalladministertheUnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputes（hereinafterreferredtoasthe"DisputeSettlementUnderstanding"or"DSU"）inAnnex 2tothisAgreement.

4.TheWTOshalladministertheTradePolicyReviewMechanism（hereinafterreferredtoasthe"TPRM"）providedforinAnnex3tothisAgreement.

5.Withaviewtoachievinggreatercoherenceinglobaleconomicpolicy-making,theWTOshallcooperate,asappropriate,withtheInternationalMonetaryFundandwiththeInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopmentanditsaffiliatedagencies.

ArticleIV

StructureoftheWTO

1.ThereshallbeaMinisterialConferencecomposedofrepresentativesofalltheMembers,whichshallmeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.TheMinisterialConferenceshallcarryoutthefunctionsoftheWTOandtakeactionsnecessarytothiseffect.TheMinisterialConferenceshallhavetheauthoritytotakedecisionsonallmattersunderanyoftheMultilateralTradeAgreements,ifsorequestedbyaMember,inaccordancewiththespecificrequirementsfordecision-makinginthisAgreementandintherelevantMultilateralTradeAgreement.

2.ThereshallbeaGeneralCouncilcomposedofrepresentativesofalltheMembers,whichshallmeetasappropriate.IntheintervalsbetweenmeetingsoftheMinisterialConference,itsfunctionsshallbeconductedbytheGeneralCouncil.TheGeneralCouncilshallalsocarryoutthefunctionsassignedtoitbythisAgreement.TheGeneralCouncilshallestablishitsrulesofprocedureandapprovetherulesofprocedurefortheCommitteesprovidedforinparagraph7.

3.TheGeneralCouncilshallconveneasappropriatetodischargetheresponsibilitiesoftheDisputeSettlementBodyprovidedforintheDisputeSettlementUnderstanding.TheDisputeSettlementBodymayhaveitsownchairmanandshallestablishsuchrulesofprocedureasitdeemsnecessaryforthefulfilmentofthoseresponsibilities.

4.TheGeneralCouncilshallconveneasappropriatetodischargetheresponsibilitiesoftheTradePolicyReviewBodyprovidedforintheTPRM.TheTradePolicyReviewBodymayhaveitsownchairmanandshallestablishsuchrulesofprocedureasitdeemsnecessaryforthefulfilmentofthoseresponsibilities.

5.ThereshallbeaCouncilforTradeinGoods,aCouncilforTradeinServicesandaCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights（hereinafterreferredtoasthe"CouncilforTRIPS"）,whichshalloperateunderthegeneralguidanceoftheGeneralCouncil.TheCouncilforTradeinGoodsshalloverseethefunctioningoftheMultilateralTradeAgreementsinAnnex1A.TheCouncilforTradeinServicesshalloverseethefunctioningoftheGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices（hereinafterreferredtoas"GATS"）.TheCouncilforTRIPSshalloverseethefunctioningoftheAgreementonTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights（hereinafterreferredtoasthe"AgreementonTRIPS"）.TheseCouncilsshallcarryoutthefunctionsassignedtothembytheirrespectiveagreementsandbytheGeneralCouncil.TheyshallestablishtheirrespectiverulesofproceduresubjecttotheapprovaloftheGeneralCouncil.MembershipintheseCouncilsshallbeopentorepresentativesofallMembers.TheseCouncilsshallmeetasnecessarytocarryouttheirfunctions.

6.TheCouncilforTradeinGoods,theCouncilforTradeinServicesandtheCouncilforTRIPSshallestablishsubsidiarybodiesasrequired.ThesesubsidiarybodiesshallestablishtheirrespectiverulesofproceduresubjecttotheapprovaloftheirrespectiveCouncils.

7.TheMinisterialConferenceshallestablishaCommitteeonTradeandDevelopment,aCommitteeonBalance-of-PaymentsRestrictionsandaCommitteeonBudget,FinanceandAdministration,whichshallcarryoutthefunctionsassignedtothembythisAgreementandbytheMultilateralTradeAgreements,andanyadditionalfunctionsassignedtothembytheGeneralCouncil,andmayestablishsuchadditionalCommitteeswithsuchfunctionsasitmaydeemappropriate.Aspartofitsfunctions,theCommitteeonTradeandDevelopmentshallperiodicallyreviewthespecialprovisionsintheMultilateralTradeAgreementsinfavouroftheleast-developedcountryMembersandreporttotheGeneralCouncilforappropriateaction.MembershipintheseCommitteesshallbeopentorepresentativesofallMembers.

8.ThebodiesprovidedforunderthePlurilateralTradeAgreementsshallcarryoutthefunctionsassignedtothemunderthoseAgreementsandshalloperatewithintheinstitutionalframeworkoftheWTO.ThesebodiesshallkeeptheGeneralCouncilinformedoftheiractivitiesonaregularbasis.

ArticleV

RelationswithOtherOrganizations

1.TheGeneralCouncilshallmakeappropriatearrangementsforeffectivecooperationwithotherintergovernmentalorganizationsthathaveresponsibilitiesrelatedtothoseoftheWTO.

2.TheGeneralCouncilmaymakeappropriatearrangementsforconsultationandcooperationwithnon-governmentalorganizationsconcernedwithmattersrelatedtothoseoftheWTO.

ArticleVI

TheSecretariat

1.ThereshallbeaSecretariatoftheWTO（hereinafterreferredtoas“theSecretariat”）headedbyaDirector-General.

2.TheMinisterialConferenceshallappointtheDirector-Generalandadoptregulationssettingoutthepowers,duties,conditionsofserviceandtermofofficeoftheDirector-General.

3.TheDirector-GeneralshallappointthemembersofthestaffoftheSecretariatanddeterminetheirdutiesandconditionsofserviceinaccordancewithregulationsadoptedbytheMinisterialConference.

4.TheresponsibilitiesoftheDirector-GeneralandofthestaffoftheSecretariatshallbeexclusivelyinternationalincharacter.Inthedischargeoftheirduties,theDirector-GeneralandthestaffoftheSecretariatshallnotseekoracceptinstructionsfromanygovernme