高考英语短文理解学案18.docx

高考英语短文理解学案18.docx

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高考英语短文理解学案18

2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（18）

一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。

即先看试题，再读文章。

阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。

客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。

特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。

二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读的目的是获取信息。

一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。

阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。

没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。

近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。

考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。

主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。

用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。

此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。

通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。

这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。

当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。

主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。

阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　A

Moscow,Russia（Spacenews）-"Theputerisabetterchessplayer,"insistedViktorProzorov,theloser."Itseemedasifitwerelaughingaftereverygoodmove.IknowIshouldhavebeatenitforthesakeofmankind（为人类着想），butIjustcouldn'twin,"heannouncedandshookhisheadsadly.

Prozorov'sdisappointmentwassharedbyseveralgrandmasterswhowerepresent,someofwhomweresoupsetthattheyshoutedatthemachine.Manychessplayerssaidthatthismeanttheendofchesschampionships（锦标赛）aroundtheworld,sincethefunhadbeentakenoutofthegame.

Theputerwalked－orrather,rolled-awaywith5,000dollarsinprizemoneyandlimiteditsremarkstoasetofnoisesandlight.

56.Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?

A.5,000dollarsgoestoaputer!

B.Newinventionalaughingputer!

C.World'sbestchessplayerbeaten!

Dputerdefeatsmaninchess!

57.HowdidsomeofthegrandmastersfeelaboutthechessgamebetweenProzorovandtheputer?

A.Theythoughtthatthegamewasnofun.B.Theythoughtthatthegamewasn'tfair.

C.TheyagreedthatProzorovdidn'tplaywell.D.Theywereunhappythattheputerhadwon.

58.WhatwasitthatProzorovfeltmostbitter（懊恼）about?

A.Thathedidn'twinthe$5,000.B.Thathehadn'ttriedhisbest.

C.Thathehadlosttoamachine.D.Thatthiswastheendofthechessgame.

59.Afterwinningthegame,theputer_____.

A.laughedB.walkedawayC.madesomeremarksD.gaveoutsomelightsandsounds

60.Manychessplayersfeltthatplayingwithaputerwould_____.

A.makethegametougherB.makethegamelessinterestingC.makemanappearfoolish

D.makemanloselotsof

B

Extract1

Aputer

Aputerisan"informationprocessor".Itisgiveninformation,called"data",instructedtodocertainthingsandthenshowustheresults.Thedataputintotheputeriscalledthe"input"andtheresultswhicheoutarethe"output".SomepeoplesaythecircleoflargestandingstonesatStonechengeisakindofputer.Prehistorypeopleworkedouttheircalendarfromthepositionoftheshadowsmadebythesunshiningonthestones.

Extract2

Teachyourselfnewsubjectsandskillsatyourownpacewithahomeputer.Useittohelpwithschoolwork,forself-improvement,eventoimproveyourcareerskills.Learntouchtyping.

Foreignlanguagesorputerprogramming.Ahomeputercanhelpchildrenofallageslearnclassroomsubjectssuchasspelling,geographyandothers.Infactitmakeslearningfun.Soifyouwanttoteachyourself,orhelpyourchildrenteachthemselves-getahomeputer.Itcanalsohelpyoumanageyourpersonalfinances（经济）orhelpyoutoworktaxesandplanhouseholdbudgets（预算）.Youcanmakebusinessapleasurewithahomeputer.

61.Thewriterintroducesthewordssuchas"input"and"output"inorderto_____.

A.introducepeopletoputerlanguageB.showputerlanguageisthesameasEnglish

 C.helppeoplesomescientificlanguageD.givepeoplesomescientificlanguage

62.WhydoesthewritertalkaboutStonechengeinExtract1?

A.Togiveanexampleoftheveryfirstputer.B.Toshowthatputersareolderthanmankind.

C.Totellthedifferencebetweenthepastandthepresent.D.Togiveanotherveryofexplainingputers.

63.Ifyouthinkofthecircleoflargestandingstonesasaputer,_____.

A.theshadowistheinputandthepositionistheoutputB.thesunlightistheinputandthecalendaristheoutput

C.thepositionistheinputandthesunlightistheoutputD.thecalendaristheinputandtheshadowistheoutput

64.Extract2isprobablytakenfrom_____.

A.aputertextbookB.apany'sadvertisement

C.ateach-yourselfputerbookD.achildren'sguidetoputers

C

Whendidyoulastseeapolarbear（北极熊）?

Onatriptoazoo,perhaps?

IfyouhadattendedawinteractivityinNewYorkafewyearsago,youwouldhaveseenawholepolarbearclub.These"PolarBears"arepeoplewhomeetfrequentlyinthewintertoswiminfreezingcoldwater.Thatday,theairtemperaturewas3℃,andthewatertemperaturewasalittlehigher.ThemembersofthePolarBearClubatConeyIsland,NewYorkareusuallyabouttheageof60.Membersmustsatisfytworequirements.First,theymustgetalongwellwitheveryoneelseinthegroup;thisisveryimportantbecausetherearesomanydifferentkindsofpeopleintheclub.PolarBearsmustalsoagreetoswimoutdoorsatleasttwiceamonthfromNovemberthroughFebruary.

Dcotorsdon'tagreeaboutthemedicaleffectsofcold-winterswimming.Someareworriedaboutthedangersofaconditioninwhichthebody'stemperaturedropssolowthatfinallytheheartstops.Otherdoctors,however,pointoutthatthereismoredangerofaheartattackduringsummerswimmingbecausethedifferencebetweentheairtemperatureandwatertemperatureismuchgreaterinsummerthaninwinter.

ThePolarBearsthemselvesaresatisfiedwiththebenefitsofcold-waterswimming.Theysaythattheirfavoriteformofexerciseisverygoodforthecirculatorysystem（循环系统）becauseitforcesthebloodtomovefasttokeepthebodywarm.Cold-waterswimmersusuallyturnbrightredafterafewminutesinthewater.Apersonwhoturnsblueprobablyhasaverypoorcirculatorysystemandshouldnottrycold-waterswimming.

Themainbenefitsofcold-waterswimmingareprobablymental.ThePolarBearslovetoswimallyearround;theyfinditfunandrelaxing.Asone70-year-oldwomansays,"WhenIgointowater,Ipourmytroublesintotheoceanandletthemfloataway."

65.ThemembersofthePolarBearClubmustmeetthefollowingrequirementsexceptthat_____.

A.theymustswimoutdoorsatleast8timesinthefourcoldmonths

B.theymustreachtheageof60

C.theyshouldbeeasytomakefriendswith

D.theymustagreetoswimoutdoorsfromNovemberthroughFebruary

66.Accordingtothepassage,somedoctorsbelieveitistruethat_____.

A.PolarBearsarebearsswimminginfreezingwater

B.cold-waterswimmingcanmakethebodytemperaturedangerouslyhigh

C.youarehealthyifcold-waterswimmingturnsyourskincolorblue

D.cold-waterswimmingcausesmoreheartattacksinsummerthaninwinter

67.ThePolarBearsliketoswimyear-round,for_____.

A.itisaneasywayotkeepthebodywarminwinter

B.theycanremainyoung

C.theyfinditenjoyableandinteresting

D.theymightmeetfewertroublesinlife

68.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.therequirementsofthePolarBearClub

B.agroupofcold-water-swimminglivers

C.thePolarBears'lifeinNewYork

D.doctors'ideasaboutcold-waterswimming

D

Swimmingisoneofthoseactivitiesthatcanbelearnedearlyinlife.Littlechildrencanlearntoswimassoonastheywalk.Infact,youneedthesameskillsinwalkingasinswimming.However,Ibelievethatfiveisthebestagetolearn.Byfiveorsix,achildknowsfearofwater,averyimportantthingtoknow.It'swisetobeafraid,torecognizetruedanger.Youngonesunderstandthatthewatercansometimesbeverydangerous.

Toreallybenefitfromswimming,everyswimmershouldlearn,assoonaspossible,thesefourbasicstrokes;butterfly,backstroke,breastroke,andcrawl.Ifeelthatoneofthese-thebreaststroke-isdifferentfromtheothers,sincesomeyoungswimmersusethisstrokenaturally,withoutanytraining.

Inswimmingtherearecertainruleseveryswimmershouldfollow:

1.Neverswimalone!

Nomatterhowgoodyouareinthewater,don'triskdrowningbyswimmingalone.Ifyouswimbyyourself,withnolifeguardsorfriendswithyou,youmaygetintotrouble.

2.Don'tgobeyondyourabilities.Mostswimmersknowenoughnottoswimtoofarfromthebankorthebeach,Showingoffbydoingdangeroustricksisnogood.

Swimsafelyandyouwillcontinuetoswimandalive.

3.Don'tsmoke.Swimmingdependsonahealthybody;goodlungsarepartofit.

4.Workatanyactivitythatbuildsmuscles.

69.Littlechildrencanlearntoswimassoonas_____.

A.theycantalkB.theystartwalkingC.theyhavenofearofthewater

D.theyarefiveorsixyearsold

70.Theauthorbelievesthatfearofwateris_____.

A.stupidB.sensibleC.dangerousD.notsmart

71.Thestrokethatsomeyoungswimmersusefirstis_____.

A.Picture

（1）B.Picture

（2）C.Picture（3）D.Picture（4）

72.Accordingtothepassage,youshouldnotswimalonebecause_____.

A.thewateristoocoldB.yourparentswouldnotbehappy

C.somethinginthewatermightattackD.youmightdrown

E

Isthereadifferenceinmeaningbetween"It'stoolatetomakeatelephone.Maryisasleepnow."and"It'stoolatetotelephone.Marywillbeasleepnow？

"

Yes.Thedifferenceisinthereasongivenforitbeingtoolatetotelephone.Inthefirstsentence"Maryisasleepnow",thespeakerisstatingafact.Inthesecondsentence"Marywillbeasleepnow,"thespeakerissayingwhatMaryusuallydoes.Infact,it'spossiblethatMaryisn'tasleep,butsheisusuallyasleepatthistime.

Solet'staketwosituations.Inthefirstcase,imagineMary'smotheranswersthetelephone.

You:

"MayIspeaktoMary,plea